Тема 16 Інтернет і Електронна пошта - part 29

1 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст (усно). Напишіть до нього шість запитань (письмово)

WHAT AN EMAIL IS

An email is an electronic message sent from one computer to another that can also include attachments: documents, pictures, sounds and even computer programs.

Although it's much faster and easier to use than the post, snail mail, the two have many things in common: you send an email to a mail server (an electronic post office) where it is stored in a mailbox, which holds incoming mail until the recipient downloads it. Users are given an email address and a password by an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

A typical email address has three parts: jsmith@hotmail.com: (1) Username (a person's name or nickname); (2) The @ sign means 'at`; (3) The domain name or network address: the mail server where the account is located. The final part of it, the top-level domain, adds information about it, e.g. .com = company, .org = non profit institution, .co.uk = a company in the UK, .es = Espana, etc.

Emails usually have two main parts: (1) The header generally includes these: TO (name and address of the recipient); CC (carbon copy sent to another addressee); BCC (blank / blind carbon copy); SUBJECT (topic of the message); (2) The body (the message itself);

Some email programs also include a signature, with added information about the sender, at the end of the message.

You can make your message look more expressive or attractive by using smileys (also called emoticons): little pictures either made with characters from the keyboard such as :-) for happy, :-o surprised,:-( sad, etc. or downloaded images and animations.

Spam, or junk email, is the name given to unwanted messages, mainly commercial advertising. Some companies, spammers, use it extensively because it's cheaper than other types of advertising: you or your Internet Service Provider pay for it.

A mailing list is a basic type of discussion group that uses email to communicate. The messages are distributed to all the subscribers, i.e. everyone who belongs to the list.

Newsgroups are similar. The main difference is that the message is not sent to someone's mail server but to a bulletin board where everybody can read and answer the message.

2 Знайдіть наступну інформацію у вправі 1 (письмово)

1. a file that has been included as part of an email message; 2. conventional mail delivered very slowly in contrast with email; 3. symbols used to express emotions in an email; 4. the part of the email address that identifies the user of the service; 5. the computer that provides you with mail service; 6. a facility that allows users to send and receive messages via the Internet; 7. the part of the email where you write the information about the addresses and subject; 8. the part of the email address that identifies the server; 9. the place where your Internet Service Provider stores new email for you;

3 Заповніть пропуски в тексті словами із списку (письмово)

List of words: mailing list; spam; email address; newsgroups; spammers;

1. Never ever reply to a …… email or click on a link within the mail – this will lead to more junk email being sent to you. Unsubscribing only confirms you do actually exist, so they've hit the jackpot.

2. Don't let your email address be displayed anywhere on the Internet, including …… , chat rooms or any websites.

3. Never forward a spam to other people - …… might be able to track their addresses too, and you could end up losing friends!

4. Send your emails on a strictly 'need to know' basis; don't include everyone on a …… unless it is really necessary.

5. Treat your …… like your phone number - don't give it out randomly. Try to use a different one when shopping online.

4 Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами (письмово)

List of words: plentiful; expandable; highly demanding; low – end; high – end; fast;

`I wanted a powerful computer to work with (1) … multimedia applications, so I decided to buy a (2) … computer with a (3) … microprocessor, good graphics and sound cards and (4) … RAM.`

`I didn't know whether to buy a new or a used desktop. I just need it to write documents, but I was advised to buy as much as I could afford. Finally I bought a (5) … but new desktop with 256 megabytes of memory, enough for my needs.`

`I didn't want my new computer to become outdated too quickly. That's why I made sure it would be easily (6) … with enough space for add-in cards.`

5 Заповніть пропуски відповідними прикметниками (письмово)

List of words: reliable; integrated; compatible; spacious; separate;

1. Although many computers on the market have hard disk drives with a capacity of 80 to 160 GB, many home users want more … drives because of their need for additional storage. 2. This 'Wireless Enterprise Communicator' is the first realistic alternative to carrying around … devices. It offers an … mobile phone, GPS, barcode reader and hand-held computer. 3. Before you subscribe to a music subscription service, make sure you have a … player that supports the music formats available. 4. Systems and devices are becoming more and more … because reliability means manufacturers save money by having fewer tech support calls.

6 З’єднайте терміни з визначеннями (письмово)

1. IRC a. logging on to your computer at a distance.

2. MOOs b. sending and receiving messages.

3. Email c. downloading a file from a server.

4. FTP d. chatting to other users in real – time.

5. WWW e. accessing newsgroups.

6. Telnet f. browsing webpages.

7. Usenet g. taking part in simulations in a shared environment.

7 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст (усно). Напишіть до нього шість запитань (письмово)

THE LANGUAGE OF E-MAIL

What is electronic mail? Electronic mail, or e-mail as it's normally shortened to, is just a message that is composed, sent and read electronically (hence the name). With regular mail you write out your message (letter, postcard, whatever) and drop it off at the post office. The postal service then delivers the message and the recipient reads it. E-mail operates basically the same-way except that everything happens electronically. You compose your message using e-mail software, send it over the lines that connect the Internet's networks and the recipient uses an e-mail program to read the message.

How does e-mail know how to get where it's going? Everybody who's connected to the Internet is assigned a unique e-mail address. In a way, this address is a lot like the address of your house or apartment because it tells everyone else your exact location on the Net. So anyone who wants to send you an e-mail message just tells the e-mail program the appropriate address and runs the Send command. The Internet takes over from there and makes sure the missive arrives safely.

What's this netiquette stuff I keep hearing about? The Net is a huge, unwieldy mass with no "powers-that-be" that can dictate content or standards. This is, for the most part, a good thing because it means there's no censorship and no one can wield authority arbitrarily. To prevent this organized chaos from descending into mere anarchy, however, a set of guidelines has been put together over the years. These guidelines are known collectively as netiquette (network etiquette) and they offer suggestions on the correct way to interact with the Internet's denizens. To give you a taste of netiquette, here are some highlights to consider.

Keep your message brief and to the point and make sure you clear up any spelling slips or grammatical gaffes before shipping it out.

Make sure the Subject lines of your message are detailed enough so they explain what your message is all about.

Don't SHOUT by writing your missives entirely in uppercase letters.

Don't bother other people by sending them test messages. If you must test a program, send a message to yourself.

What's a flame? The vast majority of e-mail correspondence is civil and courteous, but with millions of participants all over the world, it's inevitable that some folks will rub each other the wrong way. When this happens, the combatants may exchange emotionally charged, caustic, often obscene messages called flames. When enough of these messages exchange hands, an out-and-out flame war develops. These usually bum themselves out after a while, and then the participants can get back to more interesting things.

Is e-mail secure? In a word: no. The Net's open architecture allows programmers to write interesting and useful new Internet services, but it also allows unscrupulous snoops to lurk where they don't belong. In particular, the e-mail system has two problems: it^’s not that hard for someone else to read your e-mail, and it's fairly easy to forge an e-mail address. If security is a must for you, then you'll want to create an industrial strength password for your home directory, use encryption for your most sensitive messages, and use an anonymous remailer when you want to send something incognito.

8 Дайте відповіді на запитання (письмово), використовуючи інформацію тексту вправи 7

1 What major problems are there with the e-mail? Are they opinions or facts? Would it be a problem for you? 2 What do you think is the reason for the various bits of netiquette which are mentioned? 3 Find at least 5 examples of a very colloquial and chatty style used in the text. Why are they used? 4 For which of the following types of writing is it necessary to be brief? Instructions, love letters, news reports, business proposals, faxes, adverts, insurance claims, curriculum vitae, short stones, scientific reports, e-mail, poems.

9 Знайдіть відповідності e-mail між адресами (1-8) та користувачами (a-h). (письмово)

Addresses:

1 redcrossyouth@algonet.se 2 webmaster@fao.org.it 3 today@bbc.co.uk

4 jsmith@senate.gov 5 rossi@cantsoc.com.it 6 sales@demon.net

7 s.larrieu@ly.ac.fr 8 lunchx@swto1.usace.army.mil

List of Users:

a a UN organization based in Italy; b a US politician; c a Swedish charity;

d a student at a French university; e a news program on a public broadcasting service in the UK; f an Italian wine cooperative;

g a military organization based in US; h an ISP;

10 Прочитайте та вивчіть правила (усно)

WARNINGS

Where might you see these warnings?

1. Never give out your home address or phone number. 2. This appliance must be earthed. 3. Avoid turning off main power while computer is running. 4. It is an offence to make unauthorised access to computer material. 5. No smoking, eating or drinking at the computer. 6. A machine which has been exposed to a moist atmosphere should be given time to dry out before being put into use.

Warnings are used to ensure safety, to prevent damage to equipment and breaches of security, and to ensure the law is not broken. The simplest warnings are basic instructions NOT to do something: Don't do X. Avoid Xing. No Xing. Never do X.

Sometimes the warning is twinned with matching good practice: Always do Y; never do X. Do Y rather than doing X.

Warnings may be made stronger by using must/must not and in some cases should/should not. For example: The wire linking a static earthing band to earth must contain a resistor of at least 1 megohm.

If there is any reason to fear the warning may not be understood, a reason for the warning may be added. For example: Never remove ICs with a screwdriver. The pins are very fragile.