THE RESPIRATORY DISEASES.

The diseases of the respiratory system affect lung, bronchioles.

The diseases of the respiratory tract is diseases with affect the organs of respiratory tract. Causes of those diseases are cold air, emotional sins, respiratory infections and air pollutaris. The infection is spread with the air containing dreps of mucus with the pathogens in it, is treathed in childrens old people, people, people who work in cold conditron compose group of risk. General symptoms are breathelness, dry or productive cought, a ganoris, pain in the chest, and others.

One of dangerous diseases is pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. This diseases may also affected bones, joints, lymphatic glands, kiddneys ect.

In the carty of tuberculosis the patient usually complains of a general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetitis andweigh, cough sputum is mucopurients.

The disease of the cardiovascular system.

The disease of cardiovascular system are disease wich affect the organs of cardiovascular systems. There is a number of factors which may determine its development For example, particulary from disturbances of cholesterol exchange, result from tonsillitis, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, meatal exerstrain.

The pation usually complains of a general malaise, early fatigue on exeition, cardiae discomfort, palpitation, pain the chest and behind the breastbone, the pain to radiate to the left shoulder and down the arm, cold perpiration , pale face.

The diseases of cardiovascular system are angina pectoris, atherosclerosis and other.

Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Atherosclerosis of the blood vessels result from disturbances of cholesterol exehang.

Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist of a certain regiment fro the patient. The patient must get up, eat, work and go to bed.

The diet of the patient must contain sufficient proteins, but fats and carbohydrates must be taken in very limited doses.

THE DISEASES ALIMENTORY TRACT.

The diseases of alimentary tract may have many causes. There are disturbance in the central nervous system, emotional overstain, irregular diet, inadequate food, alcohol stress and many ofher.

There are many disease of alimentary. There are gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis cancer of the stomach, intestinal tumours, acute appendicitis and many other. The clinical manifestation of diseases of alimentary tract are pain before meals, after meals, malaise, fatique, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Bleeding, fever.

The methods wich revealed the disease of alimentary tract are X-ray examination the blood test, stomach, juice, infestinal juice, belch, palpation, auscultation and many ofter. The treatment of disease of alimentary tract are chemotherapy, special diet, phytotherapy, surgically, physiotherapy.

Appendicitis is know to occur in all age groups. Cases of appendicitis have been noted to occur even in infants and in very old age. The pain becoues worse on deep breathing in and coughing is accompanied my nausea, retention of stools and gases. The temperatyre is normal or subfebrile. The puls is quick, but not more than 90-100 beats per minute. Acute appendicitis is treated surgically.

FOOD AND VITAMINS.

Food are supstences which when taken into the body yieted energy on oxidation, build new tissue, repaid old tissue and nutrition one.

Food may be divided into two general classes. There are inorganic and organic foods. The inorganic class consis of salts and water. The organic class includes carbohydrates, fats and proteins. There are food stuffs called vitamins. Vitamins are special organic substances. Vitamins do not provide energy and not plastic materials but they participate in metabolism as catalysts.

About 20 vitamins are know to day. There are marked by letters A,B,C,D ets. Some vitamins are water solumple, other are solumble only in fats.

Vitamin, breads, leavens have vitamin B. Eglantine, currant is rich with vitamin C. Fish and fat of fish have vitamin D.

Microorganisms.

There are five group of microorganisms

Algae are the first. These plants are generally photoautrophic in their nutrition.

Protozoans are another group of important microorganisms. There protozoana are feeding on other microbial cells, mainly bacteria.

Fungi are sometimes considered plant but have varied, different structure and from of nutrition. They are nutritionally heterotrophic.

Bacteria are heterotrophic generally, but some species may be autotrophic. All the bacteria can be divided into main groups-aerobic and anaerobic. Bacteria multiply by divided. Bacteria vary in shape and according to this feature they are divided into some groups. Spherical bacteria are called cocce. Red-shaped bacteria are called bacilli.

The last groups of organisms are viruses. These intracellular parosites are difficult to defect, treat and protect against. They can be spread innumerable ways.

The human organisms can fight agains the microorganisms. The prominent Russian scientist I.I.Mechnikov had made many intestigations before he was able to come the conclusion that leucocyles could catch and destroy certain microbes. He called them phagocytes or microbe cell destroyed.

My self.

Let me introduce my self. My name is Ильмира, My surname is Ахмадиева. I am 19. I am second0year student of Izhevsk State Medical Academy. I came from Bashkortostan, My native place is Янаульский village. It is very nice village on the northen part of my republic. My family is not very large or very small. My family consist of 4 man: father, mather I and my brother. My father is forty four. He is kind and warm hearted man. He is driver. My mother is forty five. She is very romantic woman. She line flowers especially roses of differents kinds. Also like cooking. My mother is teacher. My brother is younger than me. He is pupil. Al that year he finished the 9 from. He is the pet the our family. He like computer games. I like in hostel, because I study Medical Academy. Also I have grandmother, grandfather, aunts, ancles, brother.

Скорая помощь.

In case of an accident or a sudden severe ellness calles were made to the First Aid Station which was on duty all day round. The First Aid Station has many ambulances which are equipped with everything necessary for giving first aid and making a diagnosis. The ambulances carry artificial respiration apparatuses different medicines, set of splints and stretchers. There are special ambulances equipped with everything necessary for reanimation of the organism . All ambulances are radic equipped. This is a very important thing for the ambulance doctor, because it enables him to send the necessary information to the hospital so that the hospital can prepare before and all the necessary instrument for an urgent operation, a blood transqusion or anything else. The main thing in the work of the ambulance doctor is to make a correct diagnosis quickly. The ambulance doctor must have a deep know ledge of emergency surgery, toxicology, emergence therapy, obstetrics and gynaecology, because he must always do his best to give the patient a proper aid on the spot.

ABOUT RUSSIA , UDMURTIA AND IZHEVSK.

Russia is one of the most largest countries in the world. There are different types of climate on this territory. The population of Russia is about 150 million people. The capital of our country is Moscow . There are many rivers and mountains.

The main cities are: St.Peterburg,Krasnayarsk,Perm,Vladimir and other. Russia has a rich culture and a lot of traditions. Russia is divided into the edge, regions and republics. One of them is Udmurtia. The capital of Udmurtia is Izhevsk. The main cities are Glazov,Votcinse,Sarapul.

Izhevsk is the major iconomis, transportation shopping and culture center, known in the country and the world sor its de sense enginur and metallurgical industry. There is one of the best too.

AT THE CHEMISTS.

On receiving a prescription from a doctor or on following a home treatment all of us need medicines which are ordered or bought at a chemist is. There are two department in a large chemist is . At the chemist is department one can have the medicine immediately, other drugs have to be ordered at the prescription department.

Chemist is all the drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle, a tube or a kit of medicine has a label on it. White labels indicate drugs for internal use, yellow labels indicate drugs for external use and blue ones indicate drugs used for injections. Pharmaceutists working at a chemist is are qualified specialist who are able give a dient necessary information about anydrung.

INFECTION.

Infection diseases are cause by the invasion and growth of microorganism in the human body. Infection may result from direct contact with patient or from indirect one. Human body has immunity to resist infections diseases of man are usually divided into two large groups. Some diseases affect only men, other affects both man and animals.

Every infections disease has not only characteristic clinical manifestations but also its own specific clinical manifestation but also its own specific way of invasion into the human body.

The infection of the respiratory tract compose the second subgroup. The infection isspread when the air containing drops of mucos with pathogens in it, is breathedin. Of this subgroup are spread through. The skin and the mucosa in which the pathogens multiply.

The disease of the fourth subgroup are spread by living insect. The pathogens causing these infections circulate in the blood or lymph and are not discharged from the organism.