3.5.2 Complete the following texts using the suitable words or phrases from the box.

Text 1

A	staff	E	bonus
B	managerial	F	categories
C	costs	G	payments
D	privileges	H	weekly

Wage Policy

Wages and salaries comprise a large percentage of the ____(1)____ of any organization. It is still customary to think of two ____(2)____, wage paid and salaried staff. The prime differences are:

• manual workers are paid ____(3)____ wage, often in cash;

• clerical, professional and ____(4)____ staff are paid a monthly salary;

• incentive ____(5)____ to manual workers are in the form of piece rates on production, whereas for ____(6)____ they may be an annual ____(7)____;

• staff are given various ____(8)____ and benefits (separate dining rooms, company cars) as ‘perks’.

Text 2

A	system	E	teaching
B	payments	F	agreed number
C	week	G	related
D	bonuses	H	to accept

Methods of Payment: Flat rate Scheme

This provides for a basic rate per period of time worked (hour, day, ____(1)____, or month). Time worked beyond the ____(2)____ of hours qualifies for overtime ____(3)____ at a higher rate. Salaried workers may have ____(4)____ time off instead of overtime. This ____(5)____ is appropriate where payment cannot or should not be ____(6)____ to output, as in ____(7)____ or warehouse work. An element of incentive pay is possible, for example ____(8)____ for good timekeeping or long service.

Text 3

A	productivity	E	schemes
B	basic rate	F	supervision
C	quality control	G	to earn
D	reduced	H	calculated

Methods of Payment: Incentive Schemes

Such schemes are also known as piece rates. They are ____(1)____ by using work study techniques. The logic is that the worker is paid a low ____(2)____ plus payment by the ‘piece’, that is, the amount produced. It is supposed that such ____(3)____ will increase ____(4)____ through the desire ____(5)____ more pay. Unit costs will thus be ____(6)____, which benefits the company as does a reduction in the amount of ____(7)____ required but this is offset by the need for greater ____(8)____ checks. Unfortunately such schemes in reality cause much conflict.

3.5.3 Complete the text. Replace the Russian words and phrases by the English equivalents. Education and Training

Большие компании have separate training departments, but in маленьких фирмах и среднего размера firms, the Менеджер по персоналу отвечает for this area. It is generally believed that UK companies are very backward in this respect. Многие компании предпочитают нанимать workers уже обученных from more far-sighted companies which have программы обучения и ученичества in place. Well managed companies используют обучение чтобы получить a number of конкурентных преимуществ, rather than seeing it as an extra overhead. They see a хорошо обученную рабочую силу at all levels as having a number of advantages: improved качество, reduced ‘затраты на качество’, reduced текучесть кадров, and motivating the workforce. A mentally alert workforce performs better.