Ex.15. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:

to formulate the theories of motion; to verify theories; to resist change; a great deal of inertia; outside force; to satisfy one’s great curiosity; to determine; to slow down; to speed up; a certain relationship between; to push a swing gently; to push smth. harder; to be in direct relation to the amount of acceleration; to be inversely proportional to; to explore the question of; to be consistent with one’s view; a balanced and symmetrical universe; to push a body; in the opposite direction; to pull back; to exert a force; to expel gases; to propel the rocket forward; to alter speed or direction of a body.

Ex.16. Answer the following questions:

a) Who formulated the theories of motion?

b) Whose earlier works did I. Newton extend while formulating these theories?

c) First Newton studied the quality of inertia, or the tendency of a body to resist change in its state of motion or direction, didn’t he?

d) What is another name for Newton’s first law of motion?

e) Did I. Newton also discover that there is a certain relationship between force and acceleration or between force and mass?

f) What happens if you push a swing gently?

g) The acceleration is also related to the mass of an object, isn’t it?

h) Is the acceleration of a body inversely or directly proportional to its mass?

i) Who explored the question of the source of force?

j) What happens when you try pulling on a rubber band?

l) Why can objects exert a force?

m) Is the elasticity of walls and tables very great or very slight?

n) What must happen when you push off the wall of a swimming-pool?

Ex.17. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. It was a great British physicist Sir Isaac Newton who formulated the theories of motion.

2. Inertia means the tendency of a body to resist change in its state of motion.

3. A tennis ball has a very large inertia.

4. A very big object such as a truck doesn’t have any inertia at all.

5. It was N. Copernicus who discovered that there is a certain relationship between force and acceleration.

6. Newton’s first law of motion is also known as the Law of Inertia.

7. If a body is at rest, then very many forces are acting on it.

8. If you push a swing gently, it will move slowly and if you push it harder, it will go faster.

9. Mass which is the quantity of matter in a body, doesn’t determine the amount of inertia the object has.

10. The larger is the mass, the less is the acceleration of an object.

11. The acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to its mass.

12. Newton’s second law of motion states that the acceleration of a body is in direct relation to the force acting on it and is inversely proportional to its mass.

13. Isaac Newton never explored the question of the source of force. It was G. Galilei who did it.

14. When you push off the wall of a swimming-pool, you start to move away from the wall.

15. Newton’s third law of motion states that whenever an object exerts a force on the second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.

Ex.18. Make a short report on the basis of the text “Newton Explains Motion”.

Ex.19. Before working on the dialogue “At the stadium” pronounce the words correctly:

stadium, league, season, court, gym, equipment, racket, idea, bowling, alley, spectator, participant, honest, aerobics, join, seat, score

Ex.20. Listen to the dialogue “At the stadium” and decide an issue whether these statements are true or false:

1. The group visited the biggest sports complex in Detroit.

2. Football League games were played at the stadium every season from late summer to June.

3. They wanted to watch a soccer game.

2. The complex had four swimming pools.

3. They could rent any sports equipment.

4. They decided to go straight to the hotel after the game.

5. You should be a member to do aerobics.

6. The game was between Alabama and Florida.