- •Методическое пособие
- •Пояснительная записка
- •Unit 1. Metallurgy some words about metallurgy
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Find in the text the English equivalents of these Russian word combinations.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Unit 2. Physical properties of metals and alloys
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •Match the term with its definition.
- •Find in the text sentences containing the following words and translate them into Russian.
- •Find 13 words on the topic in the crossword-puzzle and give their Russian equivalents.
- •Unit 3. Mechanical properties of metals and alloys
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Make words out of these letters and translate them into Russian.
- •Name the property according to its definition.
- •Make up definitions out of these words and name the property.
- •Finish the sentences according to the text.
- •Unit 4. Foundry equipment.
- •Foundary metal casting
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Learn the words and special terms on foundary.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Write the English equivalents of these Russian words and make up sentences of your own with them.
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Read the sentences and say whether they are true or false.
- •Make up sentences out of these words.
- •What is the Russian for these words and word combinations?
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Say what type of machine does this or that operation.
- •Describe the work done by every machine. Unit 7. Casting metals
- •Notes and commentary
- •Exercises
- •Answer the questions.
- •Find the sentences with these words in the text and translate them into Russian.
- •Unit 8. Types of furnaces.
- •D iagram of a Foundary Cupola for Melting Cast Iron notes and commentary
- •Notes and commentary
- •The bessemer converter
- •Notes and commentary
- •The open hearth furnace
- •The electric furnace
- •Unit 9. Metals and their alloys.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Magnesium and its alloys
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Copper and its alloys
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Titanium and its alloys
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Литература
Answer the following questions:
What are the raw materials for the production of copper?
Why must all copper ores be concentrated by flotation?
Whаt purpose is pure copper chiefly used for?
What properties does the alloying of copper with other elements increase?
What main groups do copper alloys comprise?
What alloys of copper are called bronzes?
Into what groups are bronzes divided?
Why are aluminium bronzes frequently used in foundry practice?
Titanium and its alloys
As an engineering material titanium has been widely applied only in the last years.
Titanium is a silvery-white metal which melts at approximately 1668°C and has a specific gravity of 4.505. Commercially pure titanium possesses high strength properties. The tensile strength of most titanium alloys ranges from 100 to 140 kg/mm2, in conjunction with high elongation.
The hardness, tensile strength and yield point of titanium are increased with the degree of cold deformation. The elongation value drops rapidly when the degree of cold deformation (reduction) exceeds 50 per cent and becomes equal to 10 per cent. Impurities found in commercial titanium can be divided into two groups: elements which form interstitial solid solutions with titanium (O2, N, C and H2) and elements which form substitution solid solutions (Fe and other metallic elements). The first have a much greater effect on the mechanical properties than those in the second group.
Even very small amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in titanium alloys sharply reduce the ductility. A carbon content of more than 0.2 per cent reduces both the ductility and impact strength of a titanium alloy. It is supposed that the brittleness of titanium is a result of strain ageing and is connected with the presence of dissolved hydrogen in the beta-phase.
Titanium and its alloys are hardened either by a surface heat treatment followed by ageing at 400°—500° C or by producing a case which contains nitrogen, carbon and boron Industrial titanium alloys contain vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, aluminium, tin, iron or other elements, singly or in various combinations.
A combination of high mechanical properties with low specific weight and excellent corrosion resistance enables titanium to be used in building supersonic air craft.
Answer the following questions:
What is titanium?
What does the hardness, tensile strength and yield point of titanium depend upon?
Do very small amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in titanium alloys reduce the ductility?
How are titanium and its alloys hardened?
What constituents do industrial titanium alloys contain?
Литература
Алехина М.С. Английский для металлургов. М.: Русский язык, 2005.
Андреев Г.Я., Гураль Л.Л., Лев А.Л. Сборник технических текстов на английском языке. М.: Издательство «Высшая школа», 1972.
Иллюстрированный словарь английского и русского языка с указателями. М.: Живой язык, 2003.
Парахина А.В. Пособие по переводу технических текстов с английского языка на русский. М.: Издательство «Высшая школа», 1972.