My family

My family is not very large, just a typical family – Dad, Mom, me, my younger brother and our pet cat.

My mother is forty-one, she is a judge. Her hobby is cooking but to read books or watch TV she prefers sometimes when she is very tired. Her job is very difficult and responsible that’s why she doesn’t have much time for her hobby. She is very kind, calm, loving and beautiful.

My father is forty-two, he’s a worker and works for a design company. His hobby is football. He isn’t only a fan but also an active football-player. When he has some free time he enjoys playing football with his friends on the sportsground. Half an hour on the fresh air makes him cheerful, healthy and strong. My parents both like their work very much. My father is understanding, determined and self-confident. He is always ready to give you a helping hand or to find the way out of a trying situation.

My younger brother Mike is a schoolboy, he’s fourteen. He studies at secondary school and wants to be a pilot. He’s very clever and serious that’s why he does well at school. His favourite subjects are maths and physics. He is very curious and sometimes I like to spend my free time together with him listening to the music or watching a film. What is more, we share the same room with him so we do our room ourselves in turn. We ‘re good friends.

My grandparents are retired. They like gardening and in summer, living in the country, they spend a lot of time watering, taking care of plants in their wonderful garden. We enjoy having fresh vegetables and greens on our dinner table grown by our grandparents. On weekends we often visit them in the country and help them in the garden.

I love my family.

Topical Vocabulary

- to prefer - предпочитать

• to be responsible - быть ответственным

• self-confident - уверенный в себе

• determined решительный

• patient - терпеливый

• diligent- усердный

• persistent - настойчивый

• reliable - надежный

• understanding - понимающий

• to keep secrets - хранить секреты

• to give a helping hand - выручить в трудную минуту

• to find the way out - найти выход ( из трудной ситуации)

• a trying situation - трудная ситуация

• to be retired - быть на пенсии

Answer the questions

1. How many are you in the family?

2. Do you have a brother or a sister?

3. Where do your parents work?

4. Do your parents understand you?

5. Who helped you to make a choice about your future profession?

6. In what way do you help your parents?

7. When do your parents have their birthdays?

8. Do you like to prepare surprises for your nearest and dearest?

9. How old are your grandparents?

10.How do you get along with your family?

11. Which of the parents do you want to be like?

12.Where does your family live?

13.Have you got a pet? Do you like it?

14. Speak about it.

Билет 24.

Property law.

Property law includes principles, policies, and rules by which disputes over properties are to be resolved and by which property transactions may be structured so that disputes may be avoided. What distinguishes property law from other kinds of law is that the principles, policies and rules of property law deal with the relationships with between and among members of a society with respect to « things». The things may be tangible, such as land or a factory or a diamond ring, or they may be intangible, such as stocks and bonds or a bank account.

Property is frequently defined as the rights of a person with respect to a thing. The difficulties with this definition have plagued speculative jurists in the West for the better part of a century. The law doesn`t deal with rights, privileges, powers, their correlatives and opposites, in the abstract; it deals with relationships between and among people.

With this in mind one may redefine the law of property as the complex of jural relationships between and among persons with respect to things. It is the sum of rights and duties, privileges and no-rights powers and liabilities, disabilities and immunities that exist with respect to things. What distinguishes property law from all other jural relationships of property law deal with things.

All tangible things are included within the realm of property law, even if a specific legal system denies a classification « property» to certain kinds of tangible things. Many, but not all legal systems that recognize a separate category of property law also include within that category some intangible things, like stocks and bonds, but not other intangible things, like claims for compensation for wrongs (torts, delict). The definition of property law used here includes those intangible things that the legal system under discussion classifies as property.

This descriptive definition of property law makes it possible to say that there is no known legal system that does not have a law of property. A legal system may not have a category that corresponds to property in Western legal systems, but every known legal system has some set of rules that deal with the relations among persons with respect at least to tangible things.

A transaction- сделка Tangible- материальный

Bonds- залоги To plague- беспокоить

Answer the questions:

1. How do you understand the term « property law»?

1. Why does this law regulate the relations between and among people but not between people and things?

2. What does Western law tend to ascribe to the possessor of the things?

3. What are the basic tensions within the Western tendency to agglomerate?

4. What is the relation of property law to other branches of law in nonindustrialized and industrialized societies?

5. Why are the differences between the civil-law systems and the Anglo-American systems not of great significance in the field of property law?

7) What led to a progressive eroding of both the legal concept and the practical importance of private property in the last decades of the 20thcentury?

8) How is the agglomerative tendency involved in the conflict between property rights and civil rights?

9) Why cannot traditional property provide security against exogenous economic forces?

Билет 25.