Complex Subject (Суб’єктний інфінітивний зворот)

Підмет + Дієслово-присудок	Інфінітив
He is said Говорять, що він	to know Chinese very well. дуже добре знає китайську.
MrBrown is expected Очікують, що містер Браун	to come. прийде.

Примітка Після hear, observe, perceive та see може використовуватися Present Participle, який вказує на те, що дія не скінчилась.

They were seen waiting. – Бачили, як вони чекали.

Indefinite Infinitive висловлює дію одночасну з дією присудка.

He is said to work hard at his English. – Говорять, що він наполегливо займається англійською мовою.

Continuous Infinitive підкреслює, що дія є процес, що триває одночасно з дією присудка.

The weather seems to be improving. – Здається, що погода покращується.

Perfect Infinitive висловлює дію, яка трапилась раніше ніж дія присудка.

The house is said to have been built two hundred years ago. – Говорять, що цей будинок було збудовано двісті років тому.

Дієслова, які вживаються тільки в пасивному стані: believe (думати, гадати), consider (вважати), expect (сподіватися), suppose (припускати), say (говорити), report (повідомляти), know (знати), find (знаходити), show (показувати), see (бачити), announce (об’являти) та ін.

The device is thought to be very reliable. – Гадають, що цей прибор дуже надійний.

This article is expected to be published next month. – Сподіваються, що ця стаття буде надрукована у наступному місяці.

Дієслова, які вживаються тільки в активному стані: seem (здаватися), appear (з’являтися), prove (виявлятися), happen, chance (траплятися).

He seems to know this student well. – Здається, він добре знає цього студента.

Словосполучення, які вживаються в звороті: be likely (певно, цілком ймовірно), be unlikely (малоймовірно), be certain (напевно), be sure (певна річ).

They are likely to return on Sunday. – Напевно, вони повернуться у неділю.

Exercise 10 Translate the sentences.

1. She seems to know English and French. 2. The weather appears to be improving. 3. Lake Baikal is said to be the deepest in the world. 4. The doctor happened to be there at the time of the accident. 5. He proved to be a good teacher. 6. The English delegation is believed to come at the end of the month. 7. This school is considered to be the best in the town. 8. He is known to have a large collection of pictures. 9. The problem is unlikely to be solved in time. 10. This church appears to be made of wood.

Exercise 11 Paraphrase the following sentences using the Complex Subject with the Infinitive.

Model: It is very likely that the prices for these goods will go up again in England. – The prices for these goods are likely to go up again in England.

1. It is certain that they will be here on Monday. 2. It is unlikely that the meeting will be postponed. 3. It is sure that they will come here. 4. It is believed that John has arrived in London. 5. It is known that Jack is good at painting. 6. It is reported that the spaceship has landed successfully. 7. It happened that I saw them at the theatre. 8. It seemed that her dinner party went on too long to her, as it did to you. 9. It is supposed that the students have already submitted their term papers. 10. It was said that the performance had been a success.

Exercise 12 Join these pairs of sentences, deciding when to use a bare infinitive or –ing.

Model: The team members have to work together. That’s what the boss told them. – The team members were told to work together.

1. The old man was wandering around the streets. The police found him. 2. The workers have accepted lower wages. The company has persuaded them. 3. Two men were fighting. We saw them. 4. The victims may take legal action. That’s what their lawyers have advised them. 5. The children had to pick up all the litter. The teacher made them do it. 6. The woman was smuggling cigarettes into the country. Customs officers caught her. 7. The refugees can’t get a job. The government won’t let them. 8. You shouldn’t have driven so fast. I warned you not to.

Exercise 14 Point out the Complex Object and Complex Subject in the following quotations. Translate them.

1. In all things, success depends upon previous preparation, and without such preparation there is sure to be failure. (Confucius) 2. As writers become more numerous, it is natural for readers to become more indolent. (O.Goldsmith) 3. He found it inconvenient to be poor. (W.Cowper) 4. I want to see you shoot the way you shout. (Th.Roosevelt) 5. If we believe a thing to be bad, and if we have a right to prevent it, it is our duty of try to prevent it and to damn the consequences. (A.Milner)