7. Упражнения для повторения

1. Укажите, в каких предложениях инфинитив является подлежащим.

1. As productive equipment is referred to as physical capital, to buy new equipment is to invest in production.

2. To be effective a price ceiling must be imposed below the free market equilibrium price.

3. To value the US national income fully is impossible as the increase in accumulated durables is not usually counted.

4. To know the quantities of factors a firm will demand, we have to know the demand for the firm’s output.

5. To keep the economy as possible to full employment is an important aim of the government.

6. To run an enterprise efficiently the manager must have industry-specific knowledge.

7. To increase output with the fixed total cost of inputs means to reduce the cost of production per unit produced.

8. Fixed capital, that is, such durable goods as buildings and machinery, are bought in order to be used in the firm rather than to be sold to another business.

9. To include non-renewable goods such as raw materials and fuel as well as the funds required to pay wages in circulating capital is common practice.

2. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с инфинитивом в качестве определения.

1. How much more efficiently than the government the private sector uses resources remains a problem to discuss.

2. To keep the economy as close as possible to full employment is an essential aim for the government to reach.

3. Larger investments in production expansion result in smaller amounts to be saved and to be distributed as dividends.

4. Durable goods are goods to be used in production in future or to be consumed over a long period of time.

5. A person starting his own business should have some financial capital to support the firm’s operation before any revenue is earned.

6. Farmers normally attract additional labour force to be used at harvest time.

3. Назовите номера предложений, в которых инфинитив является определением, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. In some rural areas of the USA and Canada it is common practice to be employed on a farm and elsewhere at the same time.

2. When each unit of capital input costs 320 per week and each unit of labour input costs 300 per week, the cheapest way to produce 100 units of output is to use labour-intensive technology (трудоемкая технология).

3. The value of the total output to be produced in the public sector and the private sector will make up the gross national product.

4. We know the quantity of capital inputs to determine the limit to output.

5. Competing suppliers may maintain their prices at a low level to attract customers from a higher-price firm.

6. Imports may by raw materials for domestic production or the goods to be consumed directly by households, such as a Japanese television set or a bottle of French wine.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на использование инфинитива.

1. Stabilization policy is government actions to control the level of output in order to keep the GNP close to its full-employment level.

2. Although money is a helpful tool to measure output, there may arise certain difficulties.

3. Acting through their governments, societies can decide how much they want to take measures to change the distribution of income.

4. Economists consider capital to be the property owned by an individual or corporation at a given time.

5. Governments regulate the level of aggregate demand in order to maintain full employment and stimulate economic growth.

6. As taxes affect levels of prices for various groups of goods, they influence the way to allocate resources in the economy.

7. To calculate depreciation is necessary in order to know the value of the assets of an enterprise.