1. Synonyms to the following words:

lawyer –	to protect –
attorney –	to reform –
procurator –	to ensure –
advocatura –	to control –
help –	the accused–
protection –	experience –
variety –	benefits –

2. Antonyms to the following words and word combinations:

privately-owned –

to differ –

to dismiss –

to weaken –

civil offence –

to fire –

Ex. 4. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:

1. Traveling around Britain, Peter the Great encounted some English …….. , wearing ….. and ……. .

2. The purpose of democratic reforms is to ……… a society based on the rules of ……. .

3. The Russian ……… tradition combines the features of numerous traditions and influences.

4. The …………. system depends on the legal profession to make it function.

5. A career of a ……… requires from a person to be older than 25, to have a higher legal education and a ………. of work in the legal profession of no less than 5 years.

6. Procuracy of the RF protects ………, law and ……. in the country.

7. The main function of the Russian Bar is to provide …….. to citizens in courts in both civil and criminal cases.

8. The …….. maintain consultation bureaus in almost every town or city throughout the country.

9. ……….. are involved in conducting criminal investigation, collecting the evidence etc.

10. The most common function of a notary is to ……..documents, to witness and ………signatures, to ………. or attest copies.

Ex.5. Whose duty is to perform the following actions?

1. to conduct criminal investigation

2. to certify and attest copies

3. to provide representation to citizens in courts in both civil and criminal cases

4. to supervise implementation of laws

5. to notarize documents

6. to conduct the trial and pass the sentence

7. to provide for the documentative basis of any criminal case

8. to provide legal counsel free of charge if the defendant cannot afford a lawyer

9. to collect the evidence.

Ex.6. Find if the following statements are True or False. Comment on them.

1. The law and lawyers have not traditionally been given much power in Russia.

2. During his travels to London in 1698 Peter the Great saw the first lawyers in Europe.

3. The Russian legal tradition is unique combining the features of Western and Eastern legal cultures.

4. Justice in the RF is treated as a special type of activity independent of the state.

5. The courts of law are the only instruments to administer justice in the Russian Federation.

6. Russia is the only country in the world to have different kinds of lawyers.

7. A judge in the RF must be no younger than 35 years old.

8. The main function of a Procuracy is to supervise the implementation of laws.

9. The President of the RF appoints the procurators of all levels.

10. Colleges, professional unions of attorneys, usually number about 150 members.

11. The salaries of successful lawyers are greater than those of many other professionals.

12. Only male lawyers are employed by militia organs of the Russian Federation as investigators.

The main purpose of lawyers is to defend people in courts of all levels.

Ex.7. Answer the questions on the text:

1. When did the first lawyers appear in Russia?

2. What is characteristic for the Russian legal tradition?

3. What is the way to administer justice in any law-governed state?

4. What are the types of legal profession existing in Russia?

5. What is required to start a career of a judge?

6. What are the main functions of the Procuracy?

7. What is the procedure to appoint the Procurator-General?

8. What makes legal practice so attractive to numbers of Russian people?

9. What are the main functions of an attorney?

10. What professional units do the Russian attorneys form?

11. What legal issues can the citizens seek legal advice on in consultation bureaus?

12. What are the provisions of the RF Constitution in case if the accused of a criminal offence cannot afford a lawyer?

13. What structures are the investigators employed by?

14. What are the most common functions of a notary?

15. What make the profession of a lawyer so important in any law-governed state?

Ex.7. Explain the following terms to your group mates. You may use a good English-English dictionary to help you.

model: law- a rule that is supported by the power of government and

controls the behavior of members of a society

lawyer, justice, law-governed state, citizens, executive bodies, legislative bodies, judge, attorney, procurator, advocatura, court, investigator, militia organs, colleges, consultation bureaus, notary, criminal offence, investigation, evidence, witness.

Ex.9. Fill in the blanks in the diagram using the information from the text or your general background knowledge:

The profession of a lawyer (………, interesting, …………., necessary)

attorney

judge

procurator

………

legal adviser

state arbitrator

investigator

………

……….

…………

at the notary office

……….

at the state arbitration

in the militia organs

…..…… ………… ………… …………

administers justice, conducts the trial, sums up evidence, passes the sentence

supervises the correct application and observance of law, prosecutes the accused

………. ………………. ………. ………. ………. ………. ……….

gives legal help and legal advice

settles questions between enterprises

………… ………… ……….. ………… ………..

Ex.10. Dwell on the following:

a) historical background of the legal profession in Russia

b) the definition of justice and the instruments for its administration

c) possible specializations within the legal profession in the RF

d) a career of an attorney and its possible advantages attracting numbers of people

e) the role of legal profession within the political and social structure of any democratic society

Ex.11. Make a summary of the text. You may use the provisions of Ex.10. to help you.

Ex.12. Report on the following:

a) the career in the legal sphere of any relative of yours

b) the career you would like to choose after graduation within the legal profession

Text 2