O oh третичный спирт
O
C2H5MgCl + CO2 + HCl → C2H5 – C + MgCl2
OH
Алкадиены
H2
С H2 ═ CH – CH ═ CH2 Ni CH3 – CH ═ CH – CH3
Br2 CH2 – CH ═ CH – CH2
Br Br
HCl
CH3 – CH ═ CH – CH2 – Cl
n CH2 ═ CH – CH – CH2 (- CH2 – CH ═ CH – CH2 -)n
Получение:
Al2O3, Cr2O3
C H3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 CH2 ═ CH – CH ═CH2 + 2H2
t0
ZnO, Al2O3
2 CH3 – CH2 – OH t0 CH2 ═ CH – CH ═ CH2 + 2H2O + H2
MnO, ZnO
C H3 – CH ═ CH – CH3 CH2 ═ CH – CH ═ CH2 + H2
t0
Алканы
hν
1 ) СH3 – CH3 + Cl2 CH3 – CH2 – Cl + HCl
Реакция Коновалова t0, P
2 ) CH3 – CH2 - CH3 + HNO3 CH3 – CH – CH3 + H2O
NO2
3) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Q
Ag, o2 окисление
4 ) CH3 – CH3 C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3COH
ALCl3
5 ) СH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 CH3 – CH – CH3
t0
CH3
t0, Pt (Al2O3)
6 ) CH3 – CH3 CH2 ═ CH2 + H2
t0, кат.
7 ) C10H22 С5H10 + С5H12
t0
8 ) CH4 C + 2H2
15000C
9 ) 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2
Получение:
t0, Ni
1 ) СH2 ═ CH2 + H2 CH3 – CH3
2) Al4C3 + 12H2O → 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
Реакция Вюрца
3) 2CH3Cl + 2Na → CH3 – CH3 + 2NaCl
сплавл.
4 ) CH3 – COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3
Синтез Кольбе электролиз
5 ) 2CH3 – COONa + 2H2O СH3 – CH3 + 2NaOH + H2 + 2CO2
6) СH3I + HI → CH4 + I2
7) CH3I + H2 → CH4 + HI