8. Peaceful Regulations after the World War II

1. Brief content of the lecture

1. Results of the wwii

Casualties ( losses) -60 mln people

Country	Casualties ( mln)	Percent from all population
Poland USSR Germany Japan France Great Britain USA	6 27 6 2,5 600 thousand 370 thousand 407 thousand	17 % 13,6% 9,3 % 3 % 1,5 % 0,7 % 0,3 %

Material losses – 316 billion dollars

Immigration- 12 mln displaced: problem of refugees

*Other results?

2. Potsdam ( Berlin)conference

Potsdam conference ( 17 July- 2 August 1945). “ Big Three”: H. Truman, W. Churchill ( then C. Attlee), J. Stalin.

**German problem:

1

2

3

4

5

6

Poland- Territorial compensation would be given to Poland by pushing its western borders across Germany to the line of the Oder- Neisse rivers.

Far East- the USSR would declare war on Japan in 2-3 months after the German capitulation( according to the decision of the Yalta ( Crimea) conference.)

4. Post-war situation

USA	USSR
international peace and cooperation (UN) no formal spheres of influence spread of democracy free trade( Open Door) reconstruction of world economy (World Bank, International Monetary Fund)	cooperation with America Soviet security sphere of influence on Soviet perimeter limiting German power economic reconstruction of the USSR

*Causes of the Cold war:

Military blocs: 1949- North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1955- Warsaw Pact

2. Questions for test

1. Goals of the two superpowers after the WWII

2. Decisions of the Potsdam conference

3.Historical significance of the Potsdam conference

4.Causes of the Cold War

Dates of the Potsdam ( Berlin ) conference:

A) July- August 1945

B) July- September 1947

C) July- August 1946

D) June- September 1944

Decisions of the Potsdam conference about Germany included:

A) demilitarization, decolonization, decartelization of Germany

B) demilitarization , demarcation, denationalization of Germany

C) denazification, demilitarization, decartelization of Germany

D) deunification, demilitarization, demonopolization of Germany

Countries that were divided into 2 parts after the WWII:

A) Vietnam, China

B) Vietnam, Korea

C) Japan, Germany

D) India, Iran

Cold war began :

A) after the WWII

B) after the WWI

C) at the beginning of the XX century

D) in 1985

” Big Three” at Potsdam conference means:

A) H. Truman, J. Stalin, W. Churchill

B) Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini

C) Hitler, Mussolini, W. Churchill

D) F. D. Roosevelt, J. Stalin, B. Mussolini

What statement is true:

A) After the WWII the Communist parties in the West became more powerful.

B) After the WWII the Communist parties lost their positions.

C) After the WWII the Communist parties were renamed into Social- Democratic.

D) After the WWII trade unions joined the Communist parties

Glossary

Casualty- потеря

Refugee-беженец

Reconstruction – восстановление

Reference

Новая и новейшая история стран Европы и Америки, т.3

Язьков Е.Ф. История стран Европы и Америки в новейшее время. М. 2001, стр. 399-443