4. Revolutions of 1917 in Russia
Brief content of the lecture
1.Russia by 1917. _
Russia was the biggest country in the world with its population about 170 mln people. It was agrarian -industrial country with the high tempos of economic development. It took the 5-th place in the world for its industrial development. Russia was a country with great role of a state in economy and political life: economy was under the state control, market relations were not stimulated. Foreign capital was used in the form of credits and investments into the industry and banks.
The Russian Empire included a lot of nations: Slavs, Polish, Finns, Turks, peoples of Siberia and others. Reforms made at the end of the XIX century: abolishing of serfdom, formation of the modernized army, democratization of local authorities - transformed Russia into developed country
*Political regime-
Social structure. About 94 % of the population were engaged in agriculture, 10 % in industry, 5,5 in trade and transport, others- in army, in service and as officials. Property inequality was great: 30 thousand big landowners had the same quantity of land as 10,5 mln poor peasants.
Development of imperialism. Big monopolies were formed and concentration of capital took place: about 1/3 of industrial capital was under the control of 4 companies.
Concentration of banks: 7 banks controlled 1/2 of all finance invested into industry.
Concentration of workers was larger then in European countries.
Peculiarities of imperialism in Russia: remnants of pre-capitalist relations in villages;
peasants' communes; big landowning system.
Political parties and organizations. 2 directions: In 1898 the first political party in Russia was formed: it was Russian Social- Democratic Workers' Party. Its leaders were Lenin, Plekhanov.
The party's goals were: to overthrow tsarizm,to establish the power of workers
( dictatorship of proletariat). In 1903 the party was split into 2 parties: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks .
Other parties :Cadets, Oktyabrists, Easers
2. Revolutions of 1917 in Russia.
February revolution-
The main causes of the _ revolution were:
**1)
2)
3)
4)
The
Provisional
Dual
The Soviets
Government
Power
Diarchy
Problems facing the Provisional Government and its response:
*Land
Hunger
War
October revolution
The Bolsheviks took control of the government in an almost bloodless coup in Oct. 24-26, 1917
The first decrees of the Soviet power: **Land
Factories War
2 Questions for test
1. Russia by 1917- was it democratic country?
2. Economy of Russia by 1917- was it highly developed country?
3. Causes of the February revolution
4. Causes of the October revolution
5. Was there alternative way of development for Russia at the beginning of the 20 century?
Dates of the revolutions of 1917 in Russia:
A) October, November
B) February, November
C) February, October
D) February, December
Power of the Bolsheviks party was established in Russia in:
A) October, 1917
B) February, 1917
C) November, 1917
D) December,1917
Provisional Government in 1917 in Russia did not solve the problems of:
A) war, land, nations
B) socialism, capitalism, reformism
C) redivision of the world
D) democratic changes, nations
Diarchy in 1917 in Russia was:
A) power of bourgeoisie
B) double power of Provisional Government and Soviets
C) power of communists
D) town near Petersburg