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11. Find out firm the text sentences with the Gerund and Participle I/II. Define their functions.

12. Read the text and think of its heading.

Banks are different in different countries. Let's speak about the banks in the United States of America. There, commercial banks are classified into two main groups. First, there are national banks. They are charted and supervised by the Federal Government. Secondly, there are state banks. They are charted and supervised by the state in which they are operated. All commercial banks can make loans to borrowers.

Major commercial banks in such cities as Tokyo, Paris, Rio cooperate with each other. In this way they finance imports and exports between countries.

An importer buys merchandise from another country using the currency of that country. For that purpose he buys this currency from the foreign exchange department of his bank. And in the same way if an exporter receives foreign money from sales to other countries, he sells this currency to his bank. By this method the currency of any country can usually be exchanged.

Неличные формы глаголов. Инфинитив.

1. Wich of the following words do you associate with Brazil?

beaches

rainforests

tigers

alligators

deserts

jaguars

waterfalls

elephants

2. Read the first paragraph o the text and check your answers to Exercise 1.

3. Read the rest of the text. Brazil tries to kick-start tourism

Brazil has everything to offer the visitor: 7,300 km of coastline, much of it empty, endless beaches; the planet's biggest rainforest; an area of wetlands full of alligators and jaguars; colonial cities and spectacular waterfalls.

The Bahia coast in northeast Brazil is a particularly attractive area for tourism. Several luxury resorts have been built there. Recently a $170 million five-hotel complex at Sauipe opened. With its 18-hole golf course and designer shops, Sauipe is hoping to attract rich, foreign visitors.

The tourist industry had problems in the past because of high inflation which led to short-term planning. Hotels, however, are long-term investments, often with payback periods of over 15 years.

If resorts such as Sauipe are going to attract significant numbers of tourists, they have to solve several problems.

For a start, Brazil needs cheaper and more frequent international air travel. Brazilian airlines have actually decreased the number of scheduled international flights in the past two years because of a currency devaluation.

Foreign visitors also demand a level of service that needs lengthy training - a considerable task for most of the resorts in the northeast which do not have a well-educated population to provide suitable staff.

The other big challenge for Sauipe's managers is to avoid the social problems that other new resorts have caused, when large numbers of people have come from the interior in search of jobs, quickly creating slums.

The resort is hoping to deal with these pressures by setting up courses in the surrounding villages for making handicrafts which will be sold at Sauipe and by organising credit for local co-operatives to produce foodstuffs for the hotels.

Some people believe that the developers have not planned the new resorts properly. 'Sauipe is a resort without adequate infrastructure, training or planning about how the industry will develop,' says Mario Beni, a professor of tourism at the University of Sao Paulo.

Often created in the middle of nowhere, he says, many of these resorts have poor transport links and no local tourism or sports facilities to take advantage of. 'It is time to stop and think about these grand projects,' he adds.

Not true, replies the Bahia state government, which claims to have spent $2.1 billion over the past decade on basic tourism infrastructure, from roads to airports to sanitation.

From the Financial Times