2. [P, t, k] between vowels are accompanied by glottal stops

Pity – [piti]  [piti:]

Standard Scottish pronunciation

Some linguists say it’s just a dialect, but some say it is a national variant. Educated people speak a form of Scottish English although with an obvious Scottish accent. Non-standard dialects of Scotland are radically different from other varieties.

The most important differences concerning vowels:

• Monophtonges followed by “r” sound are pronounced instead of diphthongs.

Here – [hir]

Beer – [bir]

Beard – [bird]

Poor – [pu:r]

• [] instead of [α]

Glass – [gls]

Ask – [sk]

After – [ftə]

• [α] instead of []

Bad – [bαd]

Man – [mαn]

• [] and [] sometimes are not distinguished

Not – [nt] become homonyms

Note - [nt] (омонимы)

• Length is not a distinguish feature

Pool – [pu:l]

Pull – [pul]

Cot – [ct]

Caught – [c:t]

All of them are pronounced identically

Consonants:

• Cluster (сцепление звуков) is used with initial diagraph (диграф)

“wh”  [hw]

Which

[w] & [hw] = [M] (так обозначается)

Are not identical

Which – witch

• Rolled, trilled (раскатистая; Russian type) [r] is used instead of [r] in all positions

More

Beer

Born

Price

• Dark [] (l) is used (Л всегда твёрдая)

• Initial [p,t,k] are usually non-aspirated]

• [Х] (русская Х) is used in

Loch – [lх]

Caught – [kxt]

• Ing  [in]

Shilling

Dancing

• A specific Scottish feature is a pronunciation [r] [r]

Through  [[ru:]

Of all the 3 types of English Pronunciation in the British Isles the literature standard language may have differences which are manifested in the pronunciation of … typical and local dialects.

Лекция 4

To weaken – слабеть

To omit – опускать

To vocalize – произносить звонко, озвончать

Resemblance – сходство

To involve – затрагивать

Distribution – распределение

Intervocalic – согласный между двумя гласными

American English Pronunciation

1. Differences concerning consonants

2. Differences concerning vowels

3. Differences concerning intonation

4. Differences concerning stress

The starting point of the American standard was the English language of the 17^th century. Now we speak of the national variant of English in the USA – American English. English and American people hate each other. “You know the Americans and the English are 2 different people separated by common language.

There are certain varieties of educated American speech. In the USA 3 main types of cultivated speech are recognized:

• The Eastern type

• The Southern type

• The Western type (General American)

General American pronunciation is known to be the pronunciation standard of the USA.

Reasons:

1. GA is the form of speech by radio and TV.

2. Mostly used in scientific, cultural and business intercourse

3. The prevailing form of speech and pronunciation

The peculiarities:

The differences mainly concern the pronunciation of individual consonants:

• The articulation of [r] is one of the most typical characteristic features

Right

River

Write

Crime

Sister

Rose

[r] is articulated differently from RP. The impression is one of greater retroflection. The tip of the tongue is curled back further than in RP.

• The differentiation of the light [l] doesn’t exist in GA. In all positions dark “l” is used

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