Vocabulary:
court - суд
common - общий
magistrates` court – магистратный суд
criminal case – уголовное дело
divorce - развод
bankruptcy - банкротство
Crown court – Королевский суд/Суд Короны
Count court – суд графства
European Court of Human Rights –Европейский суд по делам человека
legal system – правовая система
juvenile court – суд по делам несовершеннолетних
offender - правонарушитель
violent death – насильственная смерть
to deal with a case – рассматривать/вести дело
Задание по теме:
1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Who is responsible for making laws in Britain?
2. What is the difference between criminal and civil cases?
3. What is the most common type law court in England and Wales?
4. Name three other types of British courts.
2. Составьте диалог и обсудите:
Which courts do you think would deal with:
-
a bank robery
-
a divorce case
-
a burglary committed by a fifteen-year old
-
a drowning
-
a case of driving too fast
Text B
The court system of England and Wales
The court is a state body that administers justice on behalf of the state. There is a variety of courts in England and Wales (the system in Scotland is different). The decisions of a higher court are binding upon lower courts. The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magistrates' court. More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in County courts. Appeals are heard by higher courts. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords. Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.
Vocabulary:
to administer justice – отправлять правосудие
on behalf of the state – от имени государства
higher court – суд высшей инстанции
lower court – суд низшей инстанции
to be binding upon – быть обязательным для
The court system in England and Wales
(The system in Northern Ireland is similar, but the system in Scotland is quite different and separate)
House
of Lords
C
ivil
Criminal
Jurisdiction Jurisdiction
Court
of Appeal (Civil Division) Court
of Appeal (Criminal Division)
High
Court (Family, Chancery and Queen`s Bench Division) High
Court (Queen`s Bench Division)
County
Courts Crown
Court Magistrates`
Courts
1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя текст и схему.
a) Are criminal and civil cases heard in the same courts?
b) What are the courts of civil jurisdiction?
c) What are the courts of criminal jurisdiction?
d) What is the highest court of appeal?
e) What are the lower courts?
2. Подберите русские эквиваленты к английским выражениям.
1. решение суда a. decision of a court
2. мировой суд b. Crown Court
3. суд короны c. magistrate's court
4. суды графства d. civil case
5. гражданское дело e. country courts
THE COURT SYSTEM OF THE USA.
The Organization of the Federal Courts Today
The American court system is complex. It functions as part of the federal system of government. Each state runs its own court system, and no two are identical. In addition, we have a system of courts for the national government. These federal courts coexist with the state courts.
Individuals fall under the jurisdiction of two different court systems, their state courts and federal courts. They can sue or be sued in either system, depending mostly on what their case is about. The vast majority of cases are resolved in the state courts.
The federal courts are organized in three tiers, like a pyramid. At the bottom of the pyramid are the US district courts, where litigation begins. In the middle are the US courts of appeals. At the top is the US Supreme Court. To appeal means to take a case to a higher court. The courts of appeals and the Supreme Court are appellate courts, with few exceptions, they review cases that have been decided in lower courts. Most federal courts hear and decide a wide array of cases; the judges in these courts are known as generalists.
-
US Supreme Court Opinions (Approximately 140 signed opinions)
Original jurisdiction (Approximately 10 cases)
Request for review (approximately 4200 petitions and appeals)
From
Federal
State
Courts of Last Resort (60,000 cases) State
Intermediate Appellate Courts (130,000 cases) State
Trial Courts (27,000,000 cases) US
District Courts (94 Courts) (280,000 cases)
Administrative
A
US
Courts of Appeals (36,000 cases)
