3. Ознакомьтесь с основными понятиями, которыми оперируют в финансовой среде. Переведите словосочетания с русского языка на английский, используя полученные знания:

Asset - any item of value that you own: house, land, gems, stocks, bonds, money in savings, etc.

ATM - These letters stand for Automatic Teller Machine. This is an electronic machine that enables people to take care of Credit Union business 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can deposit and withdraw money, pay loans, etc., at most ATMs.

Bankruptcy - a state of being in so much debt that you are legally declared unable to pay in full the people and companies you owe. When you legally declare yourself bankrupt in some states, you must sell off all your possessions and pay off your debts as best you can.

Bond - an IOU issued by a corporation or government that confirms you are lending the corporation or government money. Bonds pay interest regularly to lenders. At the end of the term of the bond, the borrower returns to the lender the face value of the bond (the amount the lender invested in the bond).

Broker - a licensed professional who advises people about investments; also helps people buy and sell stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc. The broker earns a fee for this help, called a commission, usually a percentage of the transaction.

Budget - a plan you create for controlling spending and encouraging saving.

Commodities - raw materials — such as oil, wheat, soybeans, pork, or gold -you buy. In buying commodities you are hoping that the price will rise, so that you can sell the commodity for a profit.

Credit - a loan that enables people to buy something now and to pay for it in the future.

Credit History - a record of your borrowing and paying habits. Credit reporting companies track your history and supply this information to credit card companies, credit unions, and other lenders.

Debit Card - This plastic card looks like a credit card, but it is used to withdraw money from a savings or checking account. When you use a debit card at Automatic Teller Machines or in stores to make purchases, money is immediately withdrawn from your account. You cannot withdraw more money than you have in the account.

Debt - money or goods you owe.

Deposit - to put money into a Credit Union or investment account.

Dividend - a payment made by a company to a stockholder to share in the company's profits.

Discount - to reduce from an original price or an item's full worth.

Expenses - things you pay money for - both needs and wants.

Income Tax - money that wage earners pay the government to run the country. The amount of the tax depends upon how much you earn.

Interest - the amount paid by a borrower to a lender for the privilege of borrowing the money.

Interest Rate - the price paid for the use of someone else's money expressed as an annual percentage rate, such as 6.5%.

Liquidity - how quickly an asset (any item of value that you own) can be turned into cash. In other words, you don't have to wait until a certain date or pay a penalty to withdraw your money.

Loan - money or an object that is lent, usually with the understanding that the loan will be paid back, usually with interest.

Profit - the money you've earned after you subtract a) any money you had to spend to make the product or perform the service. B) any taxes that had to be paid on your earnings.

Real Estate - property in the form of land or buildings.

Savings Account - a Credit Union account that pays you interest for keeping your savings in it. Credit Unions use your money to make loans, so they pay you interest for the use of your money. Your savings is insured up to $100,000 by the FDIC, so you don't have to worry about borrowers taking your money and not paying it back.

Scarcity - a lack of something, like money, natural resources, etc. Scarcity forces you to make choices about how you use or treat whatever is scarce.

Share - a unit of ownership in an investment or a company.

Shareholder - someone who owns stock in a company.

Sole Proprietor - a business owned by a single person.

Stock - a certificate representing a share of ownership in a company.

Stock Market - an organized way for 1) people to buy and sell stocks and 2) corporations to raise money. There are three widely known stock exchanges: The New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (you hear it called NASDAQ on the news).

Withdraw - to take money out of an account.

Снять деньги через банкомат, давать ссуды частным предпринимателям, открыть накопительный счет в банке, собрание акционеров, купить квартиру через агентство недвижимости, купить акции через брокера, получать доход от продажи нефти и природного газа, продавать товары с 20% скидкой, владеть 20 акрами земли, являться обладателем редких драгоценных камней, получать небольшой процент с облигаций, продавать акции на бирже.