- •Practical course of English
- •Introduction
- •Why are you learning English?
- •2. Listen and remember the following phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text:
- •I am a student of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements:
- •Personal information.
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form:
- •2. Complete the sentences with:
- •3. Put the words into the correct word order:
- •4. Match the question words and answers:
- •5. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read these dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. My family
- •Pronouns
- •II Reading skills.
- •Read and remember:
- •1. An ancient city древнє, стародавнє місто
- •2. Read and translate the following text: Kyiv
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •1. Kyiv is the capital of Ukraine and the seat of …
- •5. Translate into English:
- •6. Match the following words:
- •7. Use either the Simple Present or the Present Progressive of the verbs in
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Ask questions to the following answers:
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •A.: I’m from the usa. And you? Are you Russian?
- •A.: What country are you from?
- •2. Make up dialogues according to the model:
- •V Rendering.
- •Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. A letter to a friend
- •2. Listen to the text “Mykhailo Voronin” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false statements:
- •4. Listen to the text once more and answer the following questions:
- •The Present Simple Tense
- •The Present Progressive Tense
- •Вживання The Present Progressive Tense
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the text. Ukraine is my Homeland
- •4. Match the words:
- •5. Complete the sentences with the correct word:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •9. Make sentences using when and the Past Continuous or the Past Simple of
- •10. Translate into English:
- •Translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention to the meaning of the expression
- •Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.
- •Industry of Ukraine
- •Contraction
- •The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense
- •1. Form
- •Неозначені займенники some, any, no
- •Похідні від some, any, no
- •Used to
- •2. Form
- •2. Listen and remember the following phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text:
- •Introducing London
- •2. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple Tense and translate
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Getting about London
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Present Perfect / Past Indefinite
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text: The United Kingdom
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •5. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form:
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Choose the correct form:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situation:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: The Queen’s Role
- •2. Listen to the text “Cambridge” and try to understand it.
- •3. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions:
- •4. True or false statements:
- •The Past Perfect Tense
- •Possessive case
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Ask questions оn the points below and answer them:
- •5. Get ready to speak about the following:
- •6. Complete the sentences using the prepositions against, at, bу, for, in, оn, of, to where necessary:
- •7. Match the sentence parts:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Add "the " in the spaces where necessary:
- •2. Choose the correct form:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Complete the dialogue:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Who rules the country?
- •Proper nouns and the definite article (означeний артикль та власне ім'я)
- •The Future Simple Tense
- •Exclamation sentences (окличні речення) What...! What a ....! How....!
- •2. Prepositions of time, place and direction
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •Listen and repeat:
- •3. Find the answers to the following questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •2. Choose the correct form: can, be able to, must, had to, could, may, be
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Translate the following sentences:
- •6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions of time: on, in, at.
- •7. Fill in the blanks with prepositions: in, on, to, between, after.
- •Тне most extraordinary country то explore
- •2. Listen to the text “Ireland” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false:
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the questions:
- •Can, may, must and their equivalents
- •Prepositions
- •Cultures around the World
- •2. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks:
- •3. Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate tense form:
- •4. Put the verb into the correct form:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary:
- •Future Progressive
- •Future Perfect
- •Questions
- •Question words
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •Listen and repeat:
- •Listen and remember the following phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •Read and remember:
- •Read and translate the text: Higher Education in Ukrainian Educational System
- •Find the answers to the questions:
- •Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •Choose the correct form:
- •Complete the sentences with proper verb forms using the verbs in brackets:
- •With Present Simple or Present Continuous.
- •With Past Simple or Past Continuous.
- •With Past Simple or Present Perfect.
- •With Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect.
- •Put the words into the correct word-order:
- •Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •Read the dialogues and act them out:
- •Role-play. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. Higher Education in the usa
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •Listen and repeat.
- •Read and remember:
- •Read and translate the following text. Light industry as it was and as it is
- •Find the answers to the questions:
- •Match the correct words:
- •Find the correct word given below:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.
- •2. Transform the following sentences from Active into Passive Voice.
- •3. Transform the following sentences from Passive into Active Voice.
- •4. Complete the sentences with by or with.
- •6. Put the verb into the correct form, Active or Passive Voice.
- •7. Write questions using the Passive Voice.
- •8. Ask questions to which the following statements are the answers.
- •9. Translate into English using the verbs into Passive Voice.
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogs and reproduce them.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering
- •Read the text and translate it using a dictionary.
- •Information technologies in manufacturing
- •The Passive Voice
- •Grammar: The Infinitive and the Infinitive constructions
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •Listen and remember the following words and phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •Read and remember:
- •Read and translate the following text. Engineering and Technological Progress
- •Find the answers to the questions:
- •Complete the sentences:
- •Match the following words:
- •Translate into English:
- •Define the forms of the Infinitive and translate the sentences:
- •Define the type of the Infinitive construction and translate the sentences:
- •Choose the correct form:
- •Put the words in the sentences into correct word order:
- •Translate into English:
- •Complete the sentences:
- •Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2) (Reading for an examination)
- •3) (At the examination)
- •V Rendering.
- •Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Automation
- •2. Listen to the text “My future speciality” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or False statements:
- •The Infinitive
- •The functions of The Infinitive
- •Предикативні інфінітивні звороти
- •The Objective Infinitive Construction (Complex Object).
- •The Subjective Infinitive Construction (Complex Subject)
- •Read and translate the text: Profession of a designer
- •III Grammar skills.
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Join the sentences using Participle I:
- •5. Choose the correct form:
- •6. Define the form of the gerund, using the table and translate the sentences:
- •IV Communicative skills
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situation:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Modern Ukrainian fashion design
- •Forms of participles
- •The form and functions of Participle I
- •The form and functions of Participle II
- •I have my shoes mended in that shop. – я ремонтую туфлі у цій майстерні.
- •The Gerund
- •2. Sequence of Tenses
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •2. Listen and remember the following phrases:
- •II Reading Skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the words that go together:
- •III Grammar Skills.
- •Choose the correct form:
- •Put the words in the sentences into correct word-order:
- •Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form:
- •Transform direct statements into indirect. Make all necessary changes:
- •Open the brackets using the proper form of the verb:
- •Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: On the importance of the conference
- •Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Give the summary of the text according to your plan in a written form.
- •VI Comprehensive Skills.
- •Read and remember:
- •2. Listen to the text ‘bitme’ and try to understand it:
- •3. True or false statements:
- •Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions:
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •2. Listen and remember the following words and phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text. What is the Internet
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose an appropriate form “if” or “when”:
- •2. Put the verb into correct form Present Real or Present Unreal Conditional:
- •3. Transform the sentences using conditionals:
- •4. Complete the sentences in your own way using conditionals:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Arrange the utterances from the conversations in the logical order:
- •Invention of the Telephone
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text: The Problem of Pollution in Ukraine
- •2. Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •3. Put the words in the sentences into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Ecological Problems
- •Compound sentences
- •Фонетичний довідник
- •Англійський алфавіт
- •Читання голосних Загальна характеристика голосних
- •Читання приголосних
- •Приголосні фонеми
- •Тексти для позакласного читання the english language
- •Why are many English words pronounced differently from the way they are spelt?
- •Kyivo-pecherska lavra
- •Museum of great patriotic war
- •Babyn yar
- •St. Sophia's cathedral
- •Andriyivsky descent
- •Folk architecture and life museum pyrohovo
- •St. Michael's golden-domed cathedral
- •Khreschatyk
- •City of London
- •Palace of westminster
- •Clock tower, palace of westminster
- •Trafalgar square
- •British museum
- •Parliament of the United Kingdom
- •Buckingham Palace
- •St Paul's Cathedral
- •Why do the British like going to the pub?
- •What is the most popular food in Britain?
- •What are the most common superstitions in Britain?
- •How do the British spend their leisure time?
- •How are the police organised?
- •When can the police carry guns?
- •What is the oldest university in Britain?
- •What are Britain's national costumes?
- •What is haggis?
- •Is it true that a lot of British dishes are named after places?
- •Why is the Tower of London so popular with tourists?
- •At what age do children go to school in Britain?
- •What are the different types of secondary school?
- •Why are ‘public’ schools so called?
- •Why does the Queen have two birthdays?
- •Why is the heir to the throne called the Prince of Wales?
- •How should one address someone with a title?
- •What powers does the Queen have?
- •Privy Council
- •Why doesn’t Britain have a written constitution?
- •What was the Magna Carta?
- •Why are Ambassadors sent to the Court of St. James’s?
- •How does Britain elect its government?
- •Devolution to Scotland and Wales
- •What are the origins of the names of the main political parties?
- •How is the Speaker chosen?
- •What is a ‘whip’ in Parliament?
- •Washington
- •American originals
- •Living in the usa
- •Canadian ways
- •Toronto
- •Ukrainians in canada
- •Australia. Land and people
- •People and culture
- •Aborigines
- •Australian ways
- •New zealand. Land and people
- •New zealand. Customs and traditions
- •Customs and traditions
- •Cambridge
- •American universities
- •Engineering as a profession
- •Fashion designers
- •Designer
- •Costume designer
- •Graphic design
- •Christian Dior Fashion Designer (1905-1957)
- •Coco Chanel
- •The 1st international scientific practical conference "artificial intelligence - 2000" september 11-16, 2000 katsiveli (crimea, ukraine)
- •The expocentre of ukraine
- •"Fabrics.Threads.Accessories"
- •Fta exhibition
- •Bbc world service
- •Prehistory of technologies
- •Tomas edison
- •Internet
- •History of the Internet
- •Internet café
- •Bill Gates
- •Balance of Nature
- •The Problem of pollution in Ukraine
- •Recycling
- •Англо-український словник
- •Англо-український словник власних імен та географічних назв
Balance of Nature
There is the idea that there is an inherent equilibrium most ecosystems with plants and animals interacting so as to produce a stable continuing system of life on Earth. Organisms in the ecosystem are adapter to each other – for example, waste products produced by one species are used by another and resources used by some are replenished by others; the oxygen needed by animals is produced by plants while the waste product of animal aspiration, carbon dioxide, is used by plants as a raw material in photosynthesis. The nitrogen cycle, the water cycle, and the control of animal populations by natural predators are other examples. The activities of human beings can, and frequently do, disrupt the balance of nature. The idea of a balance of nature is also expressed in the Gaia hypothesis, which likens the Earth to a living organism, constantly adjusting itself to circumstances so as to increase its chances of survival.
Pollution is the harmful effect on the environment of by-products of human activity, principally industrial and agricultural processes – for example, noise, smoke, car emission, chemical and radioactive effluents in air, seas, and rivers, pesticides, radiation, sewage and household waste. Pollution contributes to the greenhouse effect. Pollution control involves higher production costs for the industries concerned, but failure to implement adequate controls may result in irreversible environmental damage and an increase in the incidence of diseases such as cancer. Radioactive pollution results from inadequate nuclear safety.
Transboundary pollution is when the pollution generated in one country affects another, for example as occurs with acid rain. Natural disaster may also cause pollution; volcanic eruptions, for example, cause ash to be ejected into the atmosphere and deposited on land surfaces.
Greenhouse Effect is the phenomenon of the Earth’s atmosphere by which solar radiation, trapped by the Earth and re-emitted from the surface, is prevented from escaping by various gases in the air. The result is a rise in the Earth’s temperature.
Acid Rain is an acidic precipitation thought to be caused principally by the release into the atmosphere of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. Sulphur dioxide is formed by the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, that contain high quantities of sulphur; nitrogen oxides are contributed from various industrial activities and from car exhaust fumes.
The main effect of acid rain is to damage the chemical balance of soil, causing leaching of important minerals including magnesium and aluminium.
The Problem of pollution in Ukraine
Pollution is the contamination of the environment, including air, water, and land, with undesirable amounts of material or energy. Such contamination originates from human activities that create waste products. An industrial and intensively farmed country, Ukraine contains some of the most polluted landscapes in Eastern Europe. Pollution became evident in Ukraine with industrial development in the 19th century.
Air pollution is especially severe in many of the heavily industrialized cities and towns of south-eastern Ukraine, notably in Kharkiv, Luhansk, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia. Coal-using industries, such as metallurgical coke-chemical plants, steel mills, and thermal power plants are major sources of high levels of uncontrolled emissions of sulphur dioxide, dust, unburned hydrocarbons, and other harmful substances.
Over one-third of the emissions into the atmosphere originate from automobile transport.
Almost all surface waters of Ukraine belong to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov basins. The high population density, heavy industrial development, and relatively low freshwater endowment of those basins, and the low governmental priority placed upon environmental protection until very recently, have given rise to chronic and serious levels of water pollution throughout Ukraine. Widespread fear is growing in Ukraine that a substantial fraction of those water arteries are so polluted as to pose fatal health risks to the people who depend on them. About half of the chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides applied in the fields are washed off into rivers. Moreover, surface runoff from industrial territories is highly contaminated.
On 25 April 1986 the Number 4 reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power station was being tested. The workers, however, didn’t follow the safety regulations. The emergency cooling system was shut down and almost all of the control rods were removed from the reactor. At 1.23 a.m. on April 26 the reactor exploded. The huge concrete and steel top of the reactor was blown off and radioactive material was released into the atmosphere.
All the people who lived within 30 kilometres of the power station had to be evacuated. Helicopters crews flew over the burning power station and dropped thousands of tones of concrete onto the burning reactor. It took nearly two weeks before the reactor was completely sealed. But by that time a huge cloud of radioactive material had been blown across almost the whole of Europe by the wind. As far away as Italy and Wales grass was polluted when the radioactive dust was washed down by rain. Milk and meat from animals that ate the grass could not be used.
Chernobyl was the world’s biggest nuclear accident. More than thirty people died, and another two hundred became seriously ill from radiation sickness. But we shall never know how many people will die as a result of the accident. Scientists say that anything between five and sixty thousand people could die of cancer from the radiation that they received. What Chernobyl showed most clearly was that one country’s nuclear power stations are everybody’s problem.