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Task II. Read Text B to know about the contribution of sport into economic development of different countries.

TEXT B

Sport and Business

Remember:

income n – прибыль, доход benefit n – польза

consumer goods – потребительские товары turnover n – оборот

takings n – поступления, прибыль, доходы estimate v – оценить

account for v – составлять expenditure n – расходы

Business in sport involves the sale, display or use of sport or some aspects of sport to produce income. Sport is one of the largest industries in any society, providing jobs, creating wealth, not to say about its health, social and cultural benefits. Sports events are both consumer goods and consumers of goods. Rapid development of sports economy as an independent branch of economics is supported by the amount of sports turnover, the building of infrastructure, the manufacture of capital and consumergoods,theprovisionofservices,thedistributionofinformation, takings from sports events, advertising and sponsorship budgets.

In general it is estimated that sport accounts for about 2.5 % of world trade and sports economy is worth 1–2 % of GDP 1 in various countries and is tending to grow faster than most other sectors.

For instance, sport accounts for 2.5 % of Scotland’s GDP. This compares to a figure of 1.7 % for the United Kingdom as a whole. In the United Kingdom the total amount of resources provided by sport to the state is four times greater than the expenditures on sport in the budget. In France the Federation of Sports Equipment Industries comprises about 6500 businesses employing about 300 000 persons. Sport is currently the 23rd largest industry in the United States estimating over $ 180 billion per year.

Sporting success of Belarus is impressive but our nation’s record of health troubles is considerable too. Too few Belarusians take part in sports activities. While the role of sport in improving people’s health

and fitness is widely acknowleged, its vital significance in the country’s economy is still underestimated.

Notes:

1 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) – валовой внутренний продукт.

XI. Answer the following questions to discuss the text in detail. Refer to the text if necessary:

1.What does business in sport involve?

2.What are the benefits of sport as one of the largest industries?

3.What is rapid development of sports economy supported by?

4.How much is sports economy worth in various countries?

XII. Choose the phrase which best completes each sentence:

1.Business in sport involves ...

a)top-class sports performance;

b)people’s health improvement;

c)income production.

2.Sport accounts for ...

a)half of the world trade turnover;

b)one-third of the world trade turnover;

c)2.5 per cent of the world trade turnover.

3.Sports economy is ...

a)a sector of health improvement industry;

b)an independent branch of economics;

c)a part of mass-media industry.

4.Rapid development of sports economy is supported by ...

a)people’s desire to take up sports and recreation;

b)increased sports turnover and developed infrastructure;

c)qualified staff.

XIII. Make a list of international words used in the text. Learn their meaning and pronunciation.

XIV. Name the words which mean the following:

XV. Say, what you have learned about sports business:

–in Scotland;

–in the United Kingdom;

–in the USA;

–in Belarus.

Task III. Read Text C to get more information about the commercialization of American sport. Make a list of new words and expressions while reading it.

TEXT C

Professional Sport – a Big Business

In the 19th century organized sport crossed the ocean and arrived in America. Traditional leisure activities which included drinking and gambling 1 were replaced by such activities as baseball, horseracing and boxing. Industry had to meet the requirements for organized sports activities. The most prominent manufacturer of sports equipment was Albert Spaulding. In 1876 he opened the A.G. Spaulding and Brothers Company. At the beginning of the 20th century other manufacturers began producing their own lines of sports equipment. During the first two decades of the 20th century the growth in sales of sports goods and services became considerable. Spectator sport2 attracted the interest of much of the population and by the early 1920’s it has established itself as a feature of modern Western culture.

Professional sport, a big business, has grown rapidly over the last three decades of the 20th century. Athletes, support personnel (managers, coaches, officials, media persons, lawyers and agents) and sports teams’ owners benefit from fans’ interest in watching their favourite sports,

teams, competitions and athletes. Hundreds of professional athletes earn well over $ 1 million a year. Owners of professional sports franchises are some of the wealthiest people in the world. In the USA there are about 110 professional sports franchises, including football, basketball, baseball and hockey. The combined revenues of these four sports leagues equal more than $ 5 billion. In addition to the money from gate receipts 3 and television revenues, owners get profit through buying and selling franchises.ForexampletheDallasCowboysfootballteamwaspurchased for$ 600 000in1960andsoldfor$140millionin1989.Onemoresource of profit is the fares paid at the gates4 for the opportunity to see one’s favourite players or teams.With good seats, $ 3 hot dogs and $ 15 parking fees5 it costs over $ 200 for a family of four to go to the National Football League or the National BasketballAssociation games.

Olympic Games are now far from the amateur competitions of the early part of the 20th century when 98 % of athletes made no money from their participation.

Intercollegiatesport6 orsportattheuniversityorcollegelevelisabigtime entertainment business. Many universities have athletic budgets in excess of $ 12 million and the National Collegiate Athletic Association 7 has annual profits of approximately $ 9 million.

The mass media are closely linked with the commercialization of sport. Sport employs all forms of the mass media. Books and magazines that specialize in particular sports are published regularly. Newspapers often devote up to one-third of their space to sports coverage 8. Radio stations all over the country have changed their menu to include а 24-hour coverage of sports. However television has affected sports most of all. Television contracts for the coverage of professional, Olympic and college events reach billions of dollars.

There is little doubt that sports business has made more sports available to more people and that the owners, producers and distributors of sports products are responding to the demands of sports consumers.

Notes:

1 ...whichincludeddrinkingandgambling.–...которыевключалиупотреблениеспирт-

ных напитков и азартные игры.

2 spectator sport – зрелищные виды спорта.

3 from gate receipts – от входных билетов.

4 the fares paid at the gates – оплата при входе на стадион. 5 parking fees – плата за парковку.

Task IV. Read Text D about business opportunities that sport and recreation offer. Add the following terms to your topical vocabulary:

1)entrepreneur n – предприниматель;

2)entrepreneurial a – предпринимательский;

3)entrepreneurship n – предпринимательская деятельность;

4)wellness n – хорошее здоровье;

5)health enhancing – оздоровление;

6)nutrition n – питание.

TEXT D

Entrepreneurship in Sport and Recreation

1. The broad area of physical education, professional sport and health enhancing offer a lot of entrepreneurial opportunities to motivated people. These individuals develop services and products to meet the public’s needs and interests.

2. Physical fitness instructors are possibly most active in entrepreneurship. Many individuals who are interested in improving their fitness and healtharewillingtopayprofessionalsfortheopportunitytolearntheskills necessary to achieve a high level of wellness. Entrepreneurs can design and offer programmes focusing on fitness assessment and improvement, nutrition, stress management and weight reduction. These programmes can be presented to individuals or marketed to corporations that want to offer these services to their employees. Creative individuals can produce and market instructional books and videos on fitness and health.

3. Personal coaching is a good opportunity for individuals with expertiseinaspecificsportandtheabilitytocoachindividualstoachieve a high level of performance. Parents may be interested in obtaining privatecoachingtohelptheirchildrendeveloptheirsportingskills.Many amateur and professional athletes use the services of a personal coach on a regular basis. Opportunities for personal coaching are most commonly found in individual sports such as swimming, diving, golf, tennis, track- and-field, figure skating.

4. Professionals in biomechanics can offer computerized skill analysis servicestoathletesandcoaches.Athletesarevideotaped,theirperformance is computer analyzed and suggestions for improvement are given.

5. Throughout the USAsports and fitness camps for individuals of all ages are becoming very popular. Instructional camps are available for

every sport, although the most popular are soccer, basketball, softball, tennis, golf, volleyball. The number of instructional sports camps for youths with disabilities is growing.There are also camp programmes that focus on increasing fitness and reducing weight. The number of camp programmes for adults is growing.

6. These opportunities being numerous, physical education and sports professionals must make sure they have the dedication, enthusiasm, initiative and self-confidence to pursue a career of a sports entrepreneur.

Comprehension and Speech Exercises

XX. Reread paragraph 2. Which is the “key” sentence expressing the main ideaofparagraph2?Findthe“key”ofparagraph2.

XXI. Reread paragraph 3. What heading can you give to the paragraph? Which suits best in your opinion?

1.Personal coaching.

2.Business opportunities for personal coaching.

3.Private coaching and its role in achieving high level of performance.

XXII. Reread paragraph 5. It is about the role of instructional camps in the development of sports entrepreneurship. Find and read aloud the sentences that disclose this role.

XXIII. Speak on the opportunities for the development of sports entrepreneurship in Belarus.

Listening and Speaking

I. Listen to the dialogue and trade the roles. Follow the tape-script if necessary:

Dialogue: Family Business

I. Hi,Alec. How are you?

A. Fine, thanks.And how are you?

I. I’m fine too. Can you give me a piece of advice? A. Sure I can. Go ahead!

I. Well, you know I want to start my own business. A. Sounds great. What are you going to produce?

I.With pleasure. We’ve decided that my wife will keep accounts and our son will be a sales manager.

A.That’s good. If you go into business alone you can start or stop it whenever you wish.And you take all decisions yourself. Besides you needn’t share your profit with anyone.

I. But there certainly must be some disadvantages and risks.

A.Definitely.Sinceyouhaveasmallnumberofemployeesyourfinancial resources are quite limited.

I. I see. Thank you very much. I’ll think it over again.

A.Please, don’t hesitate to call me if you have any questions.

I.Thanks. It was good to meet you. Bye!

A.Good-bye!

Act out a similar dialogue. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of three basic ways of becoming a business owner.

II. Test yourself. Study this checklist and evaluate your potential as a small business owner:

1.Are you a self-starter?

a)I do things on my own.

b)If someone gets me started, I’ll keep going all right.

c)I don’t start until I have to.

2.How do you feel about other people?

a)I can get along with everybody.

b)I have a lot of friends – I don’t need anyone else.

c)Most people irritate me.

3.Can you lead others?

a)I can get people go along with me when I start something.

b)I can give the orders if somebody tells me what we should do.

c)I let somebody else get things moving. Then I can go along if I feel like it.

4.Can you take responsibility?

a)I like to be in charge of things.

b)I’d rather let somebody else be responsible.

c)There is always some eager person. I’m glad to let that person do the work.

5.How good an organizer are you?

a)I like to have a plan before I start.

b)I quit when things get too confused.

c)I just take things as they come.

6.How good a worker are you?

a)I don’t mind working hard for something I want.

b)I’ll work hard for a while.

c)I don’t think that hard work gets you anywhere.

7.Can you make decisions?

a)I can make up my mind in a hurry if I have to. It usually turns OK.

b)I can if I have a lot of time.

c)I don’t like to be the one who has to decide things.

8.Can people trust what you say?

a)I think they can. I don’t say things which I don’t mean.

b)I try to be on the level but sometimes I just say what is the easiest.

c)Sometimes I just say what the circumstances make me say.

9.Do you always finish what you start?

a)If I make up my mind to do something, I don’t let anything stop me.

b)I usually finish what I start if it goes well.

c)If it doesn’t go well I quit.

10.How good is your health?

a)I never run down.

b)I have energy for most things I want to do.

c)I run out of energy sooner than most of my friends do.

Directions:

If most of your checks are beside the first answer, you probably have the qualities necessary to run a business successfully.

If not, you are likely to have difficulties and should better have a partner to compensate for your weak points.

Ifmostofyourchecksarebesidethethirdanswer,evenagoodpartner wouldn’t help you overcome your weak points.

III. Imagine that you are going to start your own business. Use the material of the Unit to describe the situation (your actions, possible problems, plans, etc.).

Writing

I. Read the following instructions and fill in the missing information to make a business plan.

Planning is the most important step in launching a business.Your plan should describe the basic idea for your business and set definite goals and objectives.

A business plan should highlight the following information for investors:

Summary. It should include:

–a brief description of your product (service) and market;

–a brief description of your business team;

–a summary of your financial projections;

–the amount of money you need, in what form and for what purpose.

Company and industry. Give full background information. Products (services). Give complete information.

Market. Try to persuade the investor that you understand your market and can achieve your goals.

Marketing. Outline strategy for identifying and contacting customers, setting prices, advertising, etc.

Management. Provide complete resumes of principal officers. Overall schedule. Point out completion dates for major aspects of the

business plan.

Critical risks and problems. Identify all negative factors.

Financial information. Its amount will depend on the stage of your financing.

Business Plan Outline

1. Cover Sheet

A. Name of business

B. Names of owners

C. Name, address and phone number of contact person