6. Directing

After the plans are made and the organization is designed, managers must direct the workers in activities to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. Directing involves giving assignments, explaining routines, clarifying policies, and providing feedback on performance.

All managers, from top managers to first-line supervisors, direct employees. The process of directing is quite different, however, at the various levels of the organization. The top managers are concerned with the broad overview of where the company is heading. Their immediate subordinates are middle managers, who are responsible, in turn, for directing employees to meet company objectives. The directions of top managers to subordinates, therefore, are characteristically broad and open-ended. The further down the corporate ladder, the more specific the manager's directions become. First-line managers in the past often allocated most of their time to giving specific, detailed instructions to employees.

Progressive managers in the 1990s are less likely to be giving specific instructions to employees. Rather, they are more likely to work closely with employees to help the employees understand the overall goals and objectives of the firm. Then, in co-operation with the employees, the managers will work together to accomplish those objectives and goals. The manager's role will be less than that of a "boss" and more than of a coach, assistant, counseler, and team member. This shift in managerial direction gives employees more participation in decision making and more flexibility in how to get job done. That usually results in better work and more motivation of employees.

Vocabulary

routine	заведенный порядок
to clarify	определять
assignment	назначение, задание
level	уровень
heading	заголовок
immediate	непосредственный
therefore	поэтому, следовательно
ladder	лестница
to allocate	предназначать
to accomplish	выполнять, достигать
counseler	советник, консультант
to enable	давать возможность или право
to adjust	улаживать, приспособлять
deviation	отклонение
to occur	случаться, происходить

1. Переведите следующие слова и выражения.

Goals and objectives; organization; giving assignments; top manager; the various levels; immediate subordinates; broad and open-ended; policy; middle manager; firs-line manager; responsible; to meet company objectives; counseler; assistant; coach; team member; boss; motivation; participation in decision making; flexibility; an employee; progressive managers; the corporate ladder; detailed instructions; in co-operation with the employees; however; results; heading; firm; performance.

2. Заполните пропуски.

1. Directing involves giving assignments, ..., clarifying policies, and providing feedback on performance.

2. The process of directing is quite different, however, at the ... of the organization.

3. The ... are concerned with the ... overview of where the company is heading.

4. The directions of top managers to subordinates, therefore, are characteristically....

5. Firs-line managers in the past often allocated must of their time to giving ... to employees.

6. Progressive managers ... are less likely to be giving ... to employees.

7. Rather, they are more likely to work closely with employees to help the employees understand the ... of the firm.

8. This shift in managerial direction gives employees more participation in ... and more flexibility in how to get job done.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is directing?

2. What does directing include?

3. State the difference between top managers and first-line supervisors.

4. How can a manager provide more employee motivation?

5. State the important characteristics of progressive managers in the 1990s.

4. Вставьте артикль и вспомогательный глагол, где необходимо.

1. After the plans ... made and the organization is designed, managers must direct ... workers in activities to meet the goals and objectives of the organization.

2. The process of directing ... quite different, however, at the various levels of the organization.

3. The top managers ... concerned with the broad overview of where ... company is heading.

4. The manager's role will be less that of ... "boss" and more that of... coach, assistant, counselor, and team member.

5. Then, in co-operation with the employees ... managers will work together to accomplish those objectives and goals.

5. Тест. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. After the plans are made and the organization is designed ... must direct the workers in activities to meet the goals and objectives of the organization.

1. managers

2. subordinate

3. customer

2. All managers, from top managers to ..., direct employees.

1. middle manager

2. first-line supervisors

3. vice president

3. The process of directing is quite…, however, at the various levels of the organization.

1. different

2. the same

3. important

4. First-line managers in the past often allocated must of their time to giving specific, detailed ... to employees.

1. background

2. instructions

3. report

5. Progressive managers in the ... are less likely to be giving specific instructions to employees.

1. 1990s

2. 1980s

3. 1970s

6. Then, in co-operation with the employees, the managers will work together to accomplish those ....

1. instructions

2. activities

3. objectives and goals