- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Fill in the blanks. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Read and translate the text: The greenhouse effect
- •4. Speak on the greenhouse effect.
- •5. Translate into English:
- •The Modal Verbs and their equivalents
- •Grammar exercises
- •6. Read, translate and pay attention to the usage of modal verb can and its equivalent:
- •8. Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb may and its equivalent.
- •9. Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb must and its equivalent. Ask questions to the words in bold:
- •10. Read and translate. Which sentences express suggestion? Which sentences express strong obligation?:
- •11. Fill the gaps, using modal verbs must, should, need, have to, (to) be to, may, can. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form:
- •13. Translate the sentences into English:
- •14. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •15. Translate the following derivative words:
- •17. Form nouns using suffixes –ment, -tion, -ion, -ation. Translate the following derivative words:
- •18. Form nouns using suffix –cy from the following adjectives. Translate the following derivative words:
- •19. Choose the correct translation of the following words:
- •20. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong, translate them:
- •21. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •22. Read and translate the text. There are three logical parts in it. Match the titles to these parts:
- •Galileo – father of the modern science
- •23. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
- •24. Chose among the words in brackets the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •25. Read the text once again. Make up questions to which the following words and word combinations are the answers.
- •26. Translate the sentences into English:
- •29. Read and translate the text “Emergence of Science”. Find in it answers to the given questions.
- •Emergence of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •30. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •31. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •32. Match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences.
23. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
открыл законы; вновь созданный; солнечные пятна, популяризировал дело науки; вздорный характер; значительный вклад в науку; истинный критерий; выбор между; создали основу для; приняли убеждения; как предметы ускоряются и замедляются; опроверг несомненно здравые взгляды Аристотеля; именно настойчивое требование Галилео на важности… .
24. Chose among the words in brackets the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
1. Galileo was among the earliest observers of ____ (a. sun rays; b. sun spots; c. heavens) and the phases of Venus. 2. Galileo’s quarrelsome nature led him into an unfortunate controversy with the _____ (a. church; b. government; c. people). 3. The motion of the earth thus became a conceptual (a. necessity; b. capability; c. possibility). 4. Galileo paved the way for Newton’s full _____ (a. definition; b. understanding; c. acceptance) of force, motion and gravity half a century later. 5. It was Galileo’s insistence on the importance of demonstration, observation and experiment that proved Aristotle to be wrong, and led to insights and proofs of entirely new ____ (a. thoughts; b. ideas; c. points of view).
25. Read the text once again. Make up questions to which the following words and word combinations are the answers.
1. The laws of falling bodies and the parabolic motion of projectiles.
2. The pursuit of science.
3. His provision of the alternative to the Aristotelian dynamics.
4. In understanding how things move.
5. For about 2000 years.
6. Galileo overturned Aristotle’s apparently common-sense views.
7. Galileo’s insistence on the importance of demonstration, observation and experiment.
8. Because Galileo put these methods into practice with such a force and insight, and with such crucial effect, that he deserves to be called the father of modern science.
26. Translate the sentences into English:
1. Галилео Галилей был творческим человеком, он имел много научных достижений. Среди самых выдающихся (notable) была идея о маятнике (pendulum) в качестве хронометра (timekeeper), что привело к созданию первых точных часов. Другим изобретением был термометр. Он изобрел также простой прибор для расчета (calculating) траектории метательного снаряда (missile).
Галилей построил телескоп в 1609 году и сделал несколько важных открытий. Наблюдая за ночным небом, он обнаружил горы на поверхности луны, спутники Юпитера. Он согласился с Коперником в том, что солнце, а не земля находится в центре вселенной.
Галилео Галилей опубликовал все свои открытия в работе, написанной на латинском языке, и назвал ее «Звездный вестник» (The Starry Messenger).
27. Retell the text “Galileo – Father of the Modern Science”.28. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:chemistry, conservation, burning, oxygen, alchemists, ordinary, solid, liquid, gaseous, combustion, meticulous, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxides, oxidation Working on the text