Урология - Symptoms and syndroms
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Pollaciuria - frequent micturition
Stranguria – difficult micturition
Nicturia – when night urine volume is
greater than day urine volume
Incontinence – inability to control the passage of urine. This can range from an occasional leakage of urine, to a complete inability to
hold any urine.
Stress incontinence -- occurs during certain activities like coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise.
Urge incontinence -- involves a strong, sudden need to urinate followed by instant bladder contraction and involuntary loss of urine. You don't have enough time between when you recognize the need to urinate and when you actually do
urinate.
Urgency – a strong sudden need to urinate without loss of urine.
Ichuria – urine retention
Urinary retention
Acute and chronic Caused by:
Mechanical reasons: benigh prostatic hyperplasia, phimosis, prostatic cancer
Diseases of central nervous system:
tumors,trauma.
Functional reasons: after operations on rectum,
perineum, pelvic trauma
Intoxication
Quantitative changes of urine
Poliuria – more than 2000 ml of urine per 24 hours
Opsouria – secretion of a big amount of urine 24 hours after abundant fluid intake.
Oligouria – 24 hour urine excretion is less than
500 ml
Anuria – the urine does not come to the vesical bladder
Anuria
Secretory – prerenal, renal factors
Excretory – postrenal
Arenal - renoprive
Qualitative changes of urine
Normal density – 1010-1025
Normal pH – 6.0-7.0
Hyperstenuria – elevation of density more than
1030
Hypostenuria – density decrease less than 1006
Changes of color and opacity
Uraturia, oxaluria,fosphateuria, cistinuria
Proteinuria
Piuria
Presence of leucocytes in urine.
Initial – patological process is in distal part of uretra
Terminal – patolodical process is at the
proximal uretra
Total – patological process is in vesical bladder, ureters, kidneys
Hematuria
Presence of eritrocytes in urine.
micromacro-
Initial
Terminal
Total