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Glossary

desert – пустыня

to border on – граничить с

international frontier- международная граница

diverse – разнообразный

forest-steppe – лес-степь

lowland – низменность

desiccation –

irrigation –

heavy machinery – тяжёлое машиностроение

wool – шерсть

industrial equipment – производственное оборудование

currency – валюта

lead –

zink – цинк

copper – медь

gold золото

silver – серебро

ferrous and non-ferrous metal – цветной и не цветной металл

coal – уголь

limestone –

chromate -

overwhelmingly -

population density – плотность населения

viticulture -

cotton – хлопок

sugar – сахарный тростник

beet – свекла

rice – рис

5.1.2 Answer the questions:

1) Where is Kazakhstan situated?

2) How long does it extend from the Volga river in the west to the Altai mountains in the east?

3) What countries does our republic border on?

4) Can you name the major rivers?

5) How many zones is Kazakhstan divided into according to climatic and economic conditions?

6) What is the cause of the desiccation of the Aral Sea.

7) What part of Kazakhstan is considered to be the granary of the country?

8) Name the main cities of Central Kazakhstan.

9) What natural resources is Western Kazakhstan rich in?

10) What is developed in Southern Kazakhstan?

5.1.3 Fill in suitable words: natural gas, currency, a sovereign and secular state, lead, copper, population density, climate, iron ore, the Aral Sea, plain, deposits, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, Tien Shan, irrigation

1. The Republic of Kazakhstan is ... in the center of the Eurasia. 2. Highly developed industries in Central Kazakhstan are ..., chemical industry, construction industry. 3. The Eastern Kazakhstan is rich in polymetal ores, containing ..., zink, ..., gold, silver. 4. The ... of Kazakhstan varies greatly throughout the country.

5. The Syrdarya rises in the ... mountain range and empties into ... . 6. National … of Kazakhstan tenge was introduced in 1993. 7. The vast Turan … is sparsely inhabited desert. 8. The waters of the Syrdarya are used for … . 9. The … of southern Kazakhstan is the highest in the Republic. 10. Kazakhstan’s economic structure is based on its vast … of natural resources such as …, oil, … .

5.1.4 Fill in prepositions

1. Eastern Kazakhstan is mainly famous … its polymetal ores, containing lead, zink, copper, gold, silver. 2. According to climatic and economic conditions Kazakhstan is divided … 5 main zones. 3. Western Kazakhstan is rich … mineral resources, such as oil, gas, chromate, copper. 4. Our country borders … the Russian Federation … the north. 5. The Western regions are dominated … the lowlands … the Caspian Depression. 6. The Irtysh rises … the north-east … the country and flows north, … Siberia, and empties … the Arctic Ocean. 7. Kazakhstan … (to be) among 50 developed states by the end of the decade. 8. The region is the main centre … irrigated viticulture, well-developed cotton, sugar, beet and rice growing.

5.1.5 Use the correct Passive Voice form

1. Ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, construction industry … (to develop) in Central Kazakhstan. 2. The sovereign Republic of Kazakhstan … (to locate) in the center of the Eurasian continent. 3. Since 1993 national currency tenge … (to use) in our territory. 4. Tenge … (to introduce) in 1993. 5. Kazakhstan … (to wash) by the Caspian Sea in the west. 6. Kairat … (to show) all the sights of Astana by the evening yesterday. 7. The photos of the beautiful buildings … (to take) by Almas yesterday.

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