I suppose (think) so. That’s true. Exactly so. I don’t think so. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you. I don’t believe that.

1. Chemistry is not very important for the science.

2. The most enjoyable part of chemistry is the study of theory.

3. The observations made in the chemical laboratory help understand how all scientific advances begin.

4. Most of the students will become scientists.

5. You must be involved in a political decision about what society wants.

6. It is not important for every citizen to consider the problems of the world.

7. To understand the world a scientist does experiments and gathers information.

8. All science is built on the results of experiment.

9. Observation is the most important one of all.

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What does chemistry deal with?

2. What does the study of chemistry help you learn?

3. What is the most enjoyable part of chemistry? Do you think so?

4. What gives you a valid picture of how all scientific advances begin?

5. Is it necessary to become a scientist to understand the world problems?

6. How does scientist solve the problems?

7. What is the base of all science?

8. What do the regularities provide?

9. Why communicating ideas is so important for scientists?

10. Do you think to become a scientist? If yes, why?

11. What principles can you use in your work in the chemical laboratory?

Text 3

How to prepare for chemistry lab *

Read the title of the text and say what will be this text about? Read the text and do the tasks which follow it.

Chemistry lab is a required component of most chemistry courses. Learning about lab procedures and performing experiments helps you to learn techniques and reinforces textbook concepts.

1. Make the most of your time in the lab by coming to lab prepared. Review these pre-lab tips before starting an experiment. Complete any pre-lab assignments or homework. The information and calculations are intended to make the lab exercise quicker and easier.

2. Know the location of the lab safety equipment and understand how to use it. In particular, know the location of the emergency exit, fire extinguisher, eye wash station and safety shower.

3. Read through the experiment before going to lab. Make sure you understand the steps of the experiment. Jot down* any questions you have so that you can ask them before starting lab.

4. Start filling out your lab book with information about the experiment. It’s a good idea to draw out your data table in advance so all you need to do in lab is fill it in with numbers.

5. Review the Material Safety Data Sheets* (MSDSs) of the chemicals you will be using during lab.

6. Make certain you have all the glassware, materials and chemicals needed to complete the lab before starting any part of the procedure.

7. Understand disposal procedures for the chemicals and other items used in your experiment. If you are unclear about what to do with your experiment after it has been completed, ask your instructor about it. Don’t throw items in the trash or dump liquids down the drain or waste disposal containers until you are certain it is acceptable to do so.

8. Be prepared to take data in the lab. Bring your notebook, a pen and a calculator.

9. Have personal safety gear, such as a lab coat and goggles, clean and ready to use before lab.

Note:

* chemistry lab = laboratory work in chemistry;

* jot down = put down in short;

* Sheets = tables = charts.

Exercise 1. Find in the instruction sentences in imperative mood and translate them.

Exercise 2.

1. Answer the questions.

1. What kind of experiments do you carry out in the chemical laboratory?

2. Is it necessary to use any equipment in these experiments? What equipment?

3. What is necessary to know before going to lab?

4. What must you know about safety equipment and safety data?

2. Find in this instruction some rules of work in the laboratory. Do you agree that these rules help you perform your experiments successfully? Support your answer with some arguments.

Exercise 8. Look through the text again and summarize in your own words how students are supposed to prepare for the chemistry lab. Use the following phrases:

Firstly, secondly, thirdly … .

It is necessary (important) to … .

Not less important is … .

Everybody should know … .

It is evident that … .

Thus, these are … .

Use the following key words: pre-lab assignment; to use lab safety equipment; to understand the steps of the experiment; to fill out a laboratory book; to have necessary glassware, materials and chemicals; to know disposal procedures for the chemicals; after the experiment; to take data in the lab; to use clean lab coat and goggles.

Exercise 9. Tell your groupmates how you prepare for your chemistry lab.

Exercise 10. Read the text and compare two metric systems. What system do we use in our country?

Measurement – The Metric System

The metric system of measurement has several advantages over the English system. It has, therefore, been widely accepted as the system of measurement used by most countries throughout the world and by all scientists. One advantage is that the name often tells you how large a unit is. Such is not true for the English system. The word “mile” does not tell you it contains 5280 feet. In the metric system kilometer means 1000 meters. The same prefixes are used throughout and they tell you the size of the unit. The common prefixes are:

Prefix			Which means
Milli - Centi - Deci - Kilo -			a thousandth part of a hundredth part of a tenth part of one thousand time

Perhaps you can relate three of these prefixes to words in English monetary system, which, like the metric system, is decimal.

Length. In the metric system the meter is the standard unit of length. It contains 39.37 inches; thus it is a bit longer than a yard. The meter is divided into 10 pieces, each of which is a decimeter, one-tenth of a meter. The decimeter is divided into 10 pieces, each of which is a centimeter, one-hundredth of a meter. The meter contains 100 centimeters. The centimeter is divided into 10 pieces, each of which is a millimeter, one-thousandth of a meter. The meter contains 1000 millimeters.

Mass. The standard unit of mass is the kilogram. One kilogram contains 1000 grams. A gram is a relatively small unit of mass. A five-cent coin has a mass of 5 grams. There are about 454 grams per pound of mass.

Volume. The standard unit of volume is the liter. A liter is a little larger than a quart. A liter is the volume of a cube 10 centimeters on each edge. One liter of water at 4° C has a mass of approximately 1000 grams. A liter is divided into 1000 parts, each of which is called a milliliter. A milliliter is the volume of a cube 1cm on each edge.

METRIC-ENGLISH EQUIVALENT UNITS
1 kilogram ~ 2.20 pounds (mass)	1 pound ~ 454 grams
1 meter ~ 39.37 inches	1 inch ~ 2.54 centimeters
1 liter ~ 1.06 U.S. fluid quarts	1 ounce, U.S. fluid ~ 30 milliliters

Exercise 11. Read and say: 1. What thermometer scales were established. 2. Who proposed them? 3. What was taken as limits? 4. What limits are for each of the scales.