Exercise 4. Use the verbs in brackets in appropriate tenses (Present Perfect/ Past Perfect/ Past Indefinite).

1.They began talking about the meeting that (to take place) the day before.

2.Scientists (to discover) a number of new elementary particles. 3. After Becquerel (to make) a great number of experiments, he (to discover) the phenomenon of radioactivity. 4. In 1898 the Curies (to discover) a new substance which they (to receive) during their experiments. 5. By the end of 1898 the Curies (to obtain) the element radium. 6. In 1761 M.V. Lomonosov, with the aid of a telescope, (to discover) a luminous rim around Venus. 7. Man (to achieve) great successes in the field of studying the structure of the atoms. 8. I (not yet to do) half the work when he came. 9. Automation in our country (to reach) the stage of developing fully automated industries. 10. By the 80s, the cost of robotic arms and similar products (to drop), and the reliability of the systems (to rise) from a few thousand hours between failures to over 80000 hours.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Я залишив свій зошит вдома. 2. До восьмої години я вже виконав своє домашнє завдання. 3. Його батько почав працювати на заводі, коли йому було двадцять років. До того він жив у селі. 4. Я відвідав цей машинобудівний завод.

5.Він вже написав статтю про властивості сталі, коли я зайшов відвідати його.

6.До другої години ми вже проведемо випробування. 7. Ми вже зробили це до того, як ви прийшли. 8. Ми використовуємо цей метод вже з 1990 року.

Вправи на всі вивчені часи

Exercise 1. Translate into Ukrainian. Define the tenses of the verbs and explain their usage.

1. Peter had three lectures every day. 2. He will come to the University at a quarter to eight. 3. Professor Novikov is speaking to a group of students now. 4. Modern microprocessors contain as many as 10 million transistors. 5. When I came into the room Peter was doing his homework. 6. They have finished their work. 7. I shall have graduated from the University before my brother enters it. 8. We had translated the article by five o’clock. 9. I shall be preparing for my examination all day tomorrow. 10. Professors give lectures to students. 11. Some people have decided to work from home using their home computer.

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Exercise 2. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous.

1. Don’t go into the classroom! The students (to write) a test there. 2. Automation (to refer) to the use of computers and other automated machinery for the execution of business-related tasks. 3. We (to design) a new car on computer now. 4. We (to manufacture) components for our car production plants in Europe. 5. The laboratory assistant always (to fix) the devices himself. 6. The students (to work) at the laboratory now. 7. Our plant (to produce) equipment for chemical laboratories. 8. Now we (to live) in what some people call the digital age, meaning that computers have become an essential part of our lives.

Exercise 3. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect.

1. I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 2. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 3. We (not yet to solve) the problem. 4. He just (to finish) his work. 5. I (to read) this book last year. 6. First-year students already (to read) this article. 7. When you (to buy) this book? 8. Once she (to make) a mistake in her work. 9. We never (to see) such equipment. 10. Your friend (to study) at the University last year? – No, he (not to study) at the University last year.

Exercise 4. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite.

1. I don’t think we (to finish) our work in time unless you (to help) us. 2. Your boss (to give) you the day off on condition that you (to work) on Saturday morning. 3. He (to go) to the Public Library very often when he (to be) a student. 4. Tell me if you (to finish) your book in summer and when exactly you (to do) it. 5. If the bus (to be) very crowded, you (to be) exhausted by the time you (to get) to work. 6. If you (to ask) me a difficult question, I (to be) nervous. If I (to be) nervous, I (to make) a mistake. If I (to make) a mistake, the other students (to laugh) at me. If the other students (to laugh) at me, I (to be) embarrassed. And if I (to be) embarrassed, I (to cry). So please don’t ask me a difficult question! 7. In case the new substance (to have) the property to freeze quickly, it (to be) of great importance for our work. 8. If the situation (to get) worse, I (to lose) my job. 9. It’s interesting if he (to be) late again. 10. He (to become) an engineer after he (to graduate) from the University. 11. He asks me if I (to be) here tomorrow. 12. I shall ask him about it if he (to come).

Exercise 5. Choose the correct variant.

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Exercise 6. Use the verbs in brackets in appropriate tenses.

1. Since I (to work) here, I (to meet) several of your friends. 2. At last I (to finish)! How glad I am. 3. Why you always (to make) such mistakes? 4. My father (to work) in an office. It (to be) Sunday now. He (not to work), he (to read) at home. 5. I (not to see) you for a while! You (to be) busy at work? – I (to have) an awful week, you (to know). 6. Nick (to do) his homework by seven o’clock yesterday. 7. Don’t go to Nick’s place now, he (to work). He (to finish) his homework at seven o’clock. If you (to come) after seven, he (to be) very glad. 8. I (to show) you my work if you (to like). 9. You (to go) to the library tomorrow? – No, I already (to be) to the library this week. I (to be) there on Monday. As a rule, I (to go) to the library every Wednesday. But yesterday I (not to go) there, because I (not to read) the book. I (to read) it now. I (to go) to the library on Saturday if I (to finish) the book by that time. 10. When you (to come) yesterday he (to calculate) his problem. 11. What you (to do) at the laboratory tomorrow morning? – We (to watch) the operation of the new machine. 12. By the end of the month we (to study) the properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

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Exercise 7. Translate into English.

1.Інженери розробляють машини для вироблення енергії та її застосування.

2.Я увійшов до кімнати, увімкнув світло і почав виконувати домашні завдання.

3.Куди ти йдеш? – Я йду в бібліотеку. 4. Що робив ваш син о дев’ятій годині вечора? – Читав якусь книжку. В цей час він завжди читає книжки, дивиться телевізійні передачі або слухає радіо. 5. Минулого року ми їздили до Варшави на конференцію. З того часу я не був у Варшаві. 6. Він не робитиме успіхів до тих пір, поки не працюватиме більше. 7. Студенти працюватимуть в лабораторії цілий день завтра. 8. До третьої години ми вже зробили це. 9. Ви напишете статтю до кінця дня? 10. Ти працюватимеш у ці вихідні? 11. Я працюю тут протягом двох років. 12. Я поїду до Криму після того, як складу свої екзамени.

13.Я прийду після того, як ти зробиш домашнє завдання. 14. Що робить твій брат? – Він працює в університеті. – А що він робить зараз? – Він читає газету. Я завжди приношу йому газети, коли він приходить з роботи.

Пасивний стан дієслова (Passive Voice)

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Exercise 1. Find the verbs in Passive Voice; explain their use and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. The greatest success has been achieved in drilling rubies in the watchmaking industry.

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2.Lasers are also widely used in drilling the diamonds employed as dies for drawing wire.

3.The liquid is then removed by a jet of covering gas.

4.The drawbacks are overcome with deep-penetration welding.

5.With a well-focused beam of high intensity a keyhole can be established in milliseconds.

6.The molten material is lifted above the outer surface by the pressure of the superheated vapor.

7.The refining and purifying effects of laser welding have been demonstrated in shipbuilding steel, arctic-pipeline steel, nickel steels and the new HSLA (high strength, low-alloy) steel.

8.This valve seat is made of cast iron; it is being alloyed with a powder of many elements.

9.The ideas of ancient philosophers about the nature of the matter (to substantiate) by the remarkable researches of the twentieth century.

Exercise 2. Change the sentences from Active to Passive Voice

1.Roger can tell the truth

2.People all over the world drink Coca Cola.

3.My dad gave me a new iPod for my birthday.

4.No one found my keys.

5.They make lots of cars in Germany.

6.A dog bit me when I was a child.

7.The restaurant serves breakfast from 7.30 to 10.

8.My parents didn't allow me to smoke when I was a child.

9.Did Simon borrow your dictionary?

Exercise 3. Change the sentences from Passive to Active Voice.

1.I was misunderstood by the audience.

2.My text-book was taken by your sister.

3.The factory has been completely destroyed

4.The concert has been given by a young pianist.

5.Who was the light bulb invented by?

6.The menu wasn't prepared by the cook.

7.I will be given a reward tomorrow.

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8.An investigation is being carried out by 2 detectives.

9.A new type of car will be presented next year.

10.The parade will be live-covered by the TV.

11.Who was she attacked by?

Exercise 4. For each sentence, choose either the Active or the Passive form of the verb and the correct tense.

1.That door (paint) yesterday.

2.Michelangelo (paint) the Sistine Chapel.

3.Michael Schumacher (drive) for Ferrari in 2003.

4.In the UK, everyone (drive) on the left.

5.Inter-city trains (usually/drive) by men.

6.The 'La Stampa' newspaper (read) by two million people in Italy.

7.My car (steal)! Call the police!

8.The thieves (steal) the gold last week.

9.The Queen (open) the bridge tomorrow.

10.The bridge (destroy) by the storm last night.

11.I (learn) Japanese when I was in Tokyo.

12.I (teach) by an old Japanese man.

13.This letter (should/type), not handwritten!

14.The new secretary (type) at 100 wpm (words per minute).

Exercise 5. The Passive voice: verbs with two objects; there are two answers:

1. John gave a bar of chocolate to Jill.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

2. I lent a pencil to Graham.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

3. Fiona told the truth to Julian.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

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4. They offered the job to Simon.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

5. The boss showed the new computer to Anna.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

6. Julie taught the grammar to the students.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

7. I sent the email to John.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

8. Lucy threw the ball to the child.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

9. Sophia sold the car to a doctor.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:________________________________________________________________

10. I asked the question to David.

a:________________________________________________________________

b:______________________________________

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English.

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