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.pdf:jlbdev
M Zg]ebckdbo bfzg kms_kl\bl_evguo _klv ^\Z Zjlbdey hij_^_ezgguc b g_hij_ ^_ezgguc KgZqZeZ fu ih]h\hjbf h g_hij_^_ezgghf Zjlbde_ D >@@ Hg [_am^Zj_g b qblZ_lky keblgh k kms_kl\bl_evgufD ODNH D FDNH D SODWH D WDEOH D ODEHO D FDEOH
I_j_^ bf_gZfb kms_kl\bl_evgufb gZqbgZxsbfbky k ]eZkghc [md\u hg bf__l nhjfm DQ >@n@ DQ DLG >@ 2neKd@ ihfhsgbd DQ DLP >@ 2neKm@ p_ev
G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky dh]^Z kms_kl\bl_evgh_ mihfbgZ_lky \i_j\u_ dh]^Z \ kblmZpbb ih^jZamf_\Z_lky ij_^f_l©dZdhc gb[m^vª ©ex[hcª 0D\ , WDNH D SODWH" Fh`gh \aylv dZdmx gb[m^v lZj_edm" 0D\ , WDNH D FDNH" Fh`gh \aylv h^gh ibjh`gh_" 0D\ -DNH WDNH D VWHDN" Fh`gh >`_cdm \aylv [bnrl_dk" 0D\ , WDNH D VWDEOH WDEOH" Fh`gh \aylv ijhqguc klhe"
:DLW D GD\ Ih^h`^b ^_gzd
G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky lhevdh k kms_kl\bl_evgufb \ _^bgkl\_gghf qbke_ I_j_^ kms_kl\bl_evgufb \h fgh`_kl\_gghf qbke_ hg ijhklh himkdZ_lky 0D\ , WDNH SODWHV" Fh`gh y \havfm lZj_edb"
G_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev g_ mihlj_[ey_lky k bf_gZfb kh[kl\_ggufb b g_bkqbkey_fufb kms_kl\bl_evgufb lh _klv g_ bf_xsbfb fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ
, KDWH UDLQ Y g_gZ\b`m ^h`^v , KDWH SDLQ Y g_gZ\b`m [hev 7KH\ WUDLQ-DQH Hgb lj_gbjmxl >`_cg 6DYH .DWHKiZkbl_ D_cl
Fgh`_kl\_ggh_ qbkeh bfzg kms_kl\bl_evguo
Fgh`_kl\_ggh_ qbkeh kms_kl\bl_evguo qZs_ \k_]h h[jZam_lky ijb ihfhsb hdhgqZgby V dhlhjh_ qblZ_lky ]emoh >V@ ihke_ ]emobo kh]eZkguo b a\hgdh >]@ ihke_ a\hgdbo kh]eZkguo b ]eZkguo G_fZy ]eZkgZy H hklZzlky g_ijhbaghkbfhc
SODWH SODWHV >pleKts@ FDNH FDNHV >keKks@ |
ODNH ODNHV >leKks@ |
VWHDN VWHDNV>steKks@ |
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GD\ GD\V >deKz@ JDPH JDPHV >geKmz@ |
ODEHO ODEHOV >leKblz@ WUDLQ WUDLQV >treKnz@ |
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AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby |
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0D\ 'DYH WDNH VWHDNV" |
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Fh`_l >_c\ \aylv [bnrl_dku" |
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0D\ , WDNH HLJKW FDNHV" |
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Fh]m y \aylv \hk_fv ibjh`guo" |
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0D\ -DQH PDNH FDNHV" |
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Fh`gh >`_cg bki_qzl ibjh`gu_" |
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0D\ WKH\ PDNH ODEHOV" |
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Fh`gh hgb ba]hlh\yl wlbd_ldb" |
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DZd b \h \k_o yaudZo fbjZ \ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ bf_xlky mklhcqb\u_ keh\hkhq_lZgby LZd \ujZ`_gb_ WKH\ VD\ hgb ]h\hjyl bgh]^Z mihlj_[ey_lky \ kfuke_ ]h\hjyl qlh Fu ihklhyggh [m^_f agZdhfblvky k lZdbfb keh\hkhq_lZgbyfb
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby Ihfgbl_ qlh ij_^eh]b [_am^Zjgu b qblZxlky keblgh k ihke_^mxsbfb keh\Zfb LQ $SULO >K 2neKprKl@
0D\ -DQH WUDLQ" |
Fh`gh >`_cg ihlj_gbjh\Zlvky" |
0D\ , SD\ LQ 0D\" |
Fh`gh fg_ aZieZlblv \ fZ_" |
7KH\ VD\ , PD\ SD\ LQ 0D\ |
=h\hjyl qlh fh`gh aZieZlblv \ fZ_ |
3D\ LQ $SULO -DNH |
IeZlb \ Zij_e_ >`_cd |
Ih^\_^zf blh]b
L_kl IjhqblZcl_ gh\u_ keh\Z Ijh\_jvl_ bo a\mqZgb_ ih ljZgkdjbipbb \ keh\Zj_
VDOH ijh^Z`Z VDPH lhl `_ kZfuc WDLO o\hkl WDOH jZkkdZa
L_kl IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby b i_j_\_^bl_ bo gZ jmkkdbc yaud
'DYH DQG -DNH SDLQW ODEHOV 7KH\ WUDLQ LQ 0D\ , WUDLQ LQ $SULO , KDWH UDLQ .DWH DQG -DQH PDNH FDNHV 0D\ , WDNH D FDNH" -DNH PD\ WDNH HLJKW FDNHV 'DYH PD\ SD\ 7DNH HLJKW VWHDNV
Jake may take a steak and eight cakes.
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AZihfgbl_ ^bnlhg] >eK@ h[hagZqZxl ke_^mxsb_ [md\u
[md\Z D \ hldjulhf keh]_ FDNH FDVH QDPH UDLQ ZDLW SDLQ ZD\ GD\ SOD\
j_^dh [md\Z D \ aZdjulhf keh]_ DEOH WDEOH IDEOH VWDEOH FDEOH VDEOH
_sz j_`_ [md\hkhq_lZgby HL H\ HLJKW ZHLJKW JUH\ WKH\
kh\k_f j_^dh [md\hkhq_lZgb_ HD JUHDW EUHDN VWHDN
=E:<:
Ij_`^_ q_f fu i_j_c^zf d ijZ\beZf ql_gby ke_^mxs_c ]eZkghc [md\u gm`gh h[jZlblv \gbfZgb_ gZ ljm^gu_ kemqZb ql_gby g_dhlhjuo kh]eZkguo
I Буква K после Z чаще всего не читается: ZKHHO >wÖl@ dhe_kh
,, Буква F в большинстве случаев читается >N@ Но когда она стоит перед гласными буквами H L \ то она читается как >V@ Сравните
>N@ FDNH >keKk@ ibjh`gh_ FDVH >keKs@ q_fh^Zg FDEOH >keKbl@ dZ[_ev >V@ IDFH >feKs@ ebph SODFH >pleKs@ f_klh
,,, Буквосочетание VK обозначает звук >S@ близкий к русскому звуку r но мягче VKDYH >SeKv@ [jblvky VKDNH >SeKk@ ljyklb
IV. Буквосочетание FK обозначает звук >¶@ близкий к русскому звуку q
FKDLQ >¶eKn@ p_ihqdZ FKHHVH >¶Öz@ kuj
V. Две буквы WK обозначают не только звонкий звук [D] но и глухой >T@
G_l ijZ\be ih dhlhjuf fh`gh hij_^_eblv dh]^Z WK qblZ_lky a\hgdh >D@ Z dh]^Z ]emoh >T@ Gm`gh ohjhrh aZihfgblv agZqdb b ijh\_jylv ih keh\Zjx dZdhc bf_ggh \ keh\_ a\md Ihkfhljbl_ ih^[hjdm keh\ gZ wlb a\mdb \ kijZ\hqghf jZa^_e_
VI Буква H в открытом слоге читается как долгий звук >L @
EH [ulv |
VHHN bkdZlv |
KHDW gZ]j_\Zlv |
ZH fu |
VHH \b^_lv |
OHDG jmdh\h^blv |
KH hg |
VHD fhj_ |
PHDW fykh |
VKH hgZ |
WHD qZc |
VHDW kb^_gv_ |
PH fg_ f_gy |
HDW _klv |
UHDG qblZlv |
VOHHS kiZlv |
MHDQV ^`bgku |
ZHDN keZ[uc |
WUHH ^_j_\h |
FOHDQ qbklblv |
VSHDN ]h\hjblv |
WKUHH >TrÖ@ ljb |
FUHDP dj_f |
OHDYH hklZ\eylv |
IUHH k\h[h^guc |
GUHDP f_qlZ |
SHRSOH ex^b |
JUHHQ a_ezguc |
VZHHW keZ^dbc |
NH\ dexq |
VWUHHW mebpZ |
NHHS ojZgblv |
FKHDS ^_rz\uc |
QHHG gm`^Zlvky |
WHDFK h[mqZlv |
SHDFH >pÖs@ fbj |
ZHHN g_^_ey |
WHDP dhfZg^Z |
VHDVRQ >sÖzn@ \j_fy ]h^Z |
Bkdexq_gb_ JUHDW >greKt@ \_ebdbc EUHDN >breKk@ ehfZlv VWHDN >steKk@ [bnrl_dk
?klv ]jmiiZ keh\ ]^_ HD qblZ_lky ih ^jm]hfm gh h[ wlhf fu [m^_f ]h\hjblv hkh[h
Ihfgbl_ qlh h[hagZq_gb_ a\mdZ ijb gZibkZgbb jZagh_ gh ljZgkdjbipbhgguc agZd \k_]^Z h^bg ZH >wÖ@ VKH >SÖ@ VZHHW >swÖt@ HDW >Öt@ SHDFH >pÖs@ FKHDS >¶Öp@
A\md >L @ _klv \ `_gkdhf bf_gb (YH >Öv@ B\ b \ fm`kdhf bf_gb 3HWH >pÖt@ Ibl
AZ^Zgb_ GZibrbl_ ljZgkdjbipbx ke_^mxsbo keh\
EH KH ZHHN ZHDN FOHDQ MHDQV FKHHVH ZKHHO OHDG FUHDP SHDFH VKH WHDFK NH\
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby
, VHH D VWUHHW |
Y \b`m mebpm |
, VHH D JUHHQ WUHH |
Y \b`m a_ezgh_ ^_j_\h |
:H VHH WKUHH WUHHV |
Fu \b^bf ljb ^_j_\Z |
:H QHHG WKUHH VZHHWV GZf gm`gu ljb dhgn_lu
3HRSOH QHHG SHDFH |
Ex^yf gm`_g fbj |
, VHH (YH DQG 3HWH |
Y \b`m B\ b IblZ |
7KH\ QHHG FOHDQ MHDQV |
Bf gm`gu qbklu_ ^`bgku |
:H QHHG VZHHW WHD |
GZf gm`_g keZ^dbc qZc |
:H QHHG FKHDS FKHHVH |
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GZf gm`_g ^_rz\uc kuj |
:HDN SHRSOH QHHG PHDW |
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KeZ[uf ex^yf gm`gh fykh |
:H VHH D ZHDN WHDP |
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Fu \b^bf keZ[mx dhfZg^m |
:H QHHG D GUHDP WHDP |
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GZf gm`gZ dhfZg^Z f_qlZ |
/HDYH PH SOHDVH |
HklZ\vl_ f_gy ih`ZemcklZ |
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7DNH D VHDW SOHDVH |
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Ih`ZemcklZ kZ^bl_kv |
H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ \ keh\_ NH\ [md\Z H qblZ_lky ih aZdhgm hldjulh]h keh]Z >kÖ@ ?klv fgh]hkeh`gu_ keh\Z \ dhlhjuo b [md\hkhq_lZgb_ HL qblZ_lky >L @
UHFHLYH >rK |
2sÖv@ ihemqZlv |
GHFHLYH >dK 2sÖv@ h[fZgu\Zlv |
FRQFHLYH >k@n 2sÖv@ aZ^mfZlv |
UHFHLSW >rK |
2sÖt@ d\blZgpby |
GHFHLW >dK 2sÖt@ h[fZg |
FRQFHLW >k@ 2nsÖt@ kZfhfg_gb_ |
DklZlb < fgh]hkeh`guo keh\Zo m^Zjgu_ ]eZkgu_ fh]ml qblZlvky \ hldjulhf keh]_ ih ijZ\bem aZdjulh]h keh]Z hkh[_ggh qZklh \ bgl_jgZpbhgZevguo keh\Zo
VHFRQG >seknd@ k_dmg^Z WHOHJUDP > 2telegrm@ l_e_]jZffZ
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby b i_j_\_^bl_ bo gZ jmkkdbc yaud
, VHH D JUHHQ WUHH :H VHH D VWUDLJKW VWUHHW 3HWH DQG (YH WUDLQ WKUHH GD\V D ZHHN 7KH\ UHFHLYH WHOHJUDPV 0D\ WKH\ OHDYH PH" :H KDWH GHFHLWV -DQH DQG 'DYH QHHG D UHFHLSW 7KH\ QHHG WHD FKHHVH DQG VZHHWV .DWH DQG -DNH QHHG PHDW FKHHVH DQG WKUHH VWHDNV :H QHHG JUH\ MHDQV 3HWH DQG (YH SDLQW 7KH\ SDLQW SHRSOH WUHHV VWUHHWV DQG ODNHV 3DLQW WKUHH WUHHV %H IUHH
VII. Çâóê >L @ обозначает иногда и буквосочетание LH редко буква L
SLHFH >pÖs@ dmkhd |
QLHFH >nÖs@ ie_fyggbpZ |
FKLHI >¶Öf@ jmdh\h^bl_ev |
EULHI >brÖf@ djZldh |
JULHI >grÖf@ ]hj_ |
WKLHI >TÖf@ \hj EHOLHYH >bK 2lÖv@ \_jblv |
ILHOG >fÖld@ ihe_ |
SROLFH >p@ 2lÖs@ ihebpby |
VNL >skÖ@ dZlZlvky gZ eu`Zo |
AZ^Zgb_ GZibrbl_ ljZgkdjbipbx ke_^mxsbo keh\
KH WHD FOHDQ ZKHHO WKUHH IUHH SLHFH UHDG VKH FKHHVH OHDG QLHFH UDLQ JUH\ WKH\ VNL VKH JUHDW JULHI SLHFH SHDFH OHDYH EHOLHYH FKHDS FKLHI
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby H[tykgbl_ ihq_fm m h^gbo Fms_kl\bl_evguo _klv g_hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev Z m ^jm]bo _]h g_l
, QHHG D NH\ |
Fg_ gm`_g dexq |
, QHHG WKUHH ZHHNV |
Fg_ gm`gu ljb g_^_eb |
7KH\ QHHG D ZKHHO |
Bf gm`gh dhe_kh |
:H QHHG WHD DQG VZHHWV |
GZf gm`_g qZc b dhgn_lu |
:H VHH D JUHHQ WUHH |
Fu \b^bf a_ezgh_ ^_j_\h |
5HDG D IDEOH |
IjhqblZc dZdmx gb[m^v [Zkgx |
3HRSOH QHHG SHDFH |
Ex^yf gm`_g fbj |
0D\ , PDNH WHD" |
Fh`gh aZ\Zjblv qZc" |
, QHHG DLG |
Fg_ gm`gZ ihfhsv |
, QHHG DQ DLG |
Fg_ gm`_g ihfhsgbd |
Fu gZmqbebkv aZ^Z\Zlv g_dhlhju_ \hijhku gh ihdZ g_ agZ_f dZd gZ gbo hl\_qZlv >ey ml\_j^bl_evgh]h hl\_lZ gZf gm`gh keh\h ^Z \HV >jes@
H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ gZ lh qlh [md\Z M h[hagZqZ_l a\md >³@ Z ljZgkdjbipbhgguc agZqhd >M@ h[hagZqZ_l a\md ihoh`bc gZ jmkkdbc a\md c
Lhl `_ a\md >j@ ijbkmlkl\m_l b \ keh\_ \RX >jü@ dhlhjh_ fh`_l i_j_\h^blvky \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl kblmZpbb dZd lu \u l_[_ \Zf l_[y \Zk
<RX PD\ VHH 3HWH |
Lu fh`_rv m\b^_lv IblZ |
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:H VHH \RX |
Fu \Zk \b^bf |
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, QHHG \RX \RX QHHG PH |
Lu gm`_g fg_ Z y l_[_ |
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, EHOLHYH \RX \RX EHOLHYH PH |
Y \_jx \Zf \u fg_ |
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<RX GHFHLYH PH , GHFHLYH \RX |
Lu h[fZgu\Z_rv f_gy y h[fZgu\Zx l_[y |
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AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby |
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0D\ , VHH \RX" Y fh]m \Zk m\b^_lv" |
0D\ EH Fh`_l [ulv |
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0D\ , EH IUHH"Y fh]m [ulv k\h[h^_g" |
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<HV \RX PD\ >Z fh`_l_ |
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0D\ , PHHW \RX"Fh`gh k \Zfb ihagZdhfblvky" |
<HV \RX PD\ >Z fh`gh |
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0D\ ZH HDW FKHHVH" Fh`gh _klv kuj" |
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<HV \RX PD\ >Z fh`gh |
0D\ 3HWH HDW PHDW" Ibl fh`_l ih_klv fykZ" |
<HV KH PD\ >Z fh`_l |
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0D\ (YH VHH 3HWH"B\ fh`_l m\b^_lv IblZ" |
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<HV VKH PD\>Z fh`_l |
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0D\ 3HWH DQG (YH OHDYH"Ibl b B\ fh]ml mclb" |
<HV WKH\ PD\>Z fh]ml |
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0D\ WKH\ PHHW PH "Fh`gh hgb f_gy \klj_lyl" |
<HV WKH\ PD\>Z fh`gh |
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?sz jZa \_jgzfky d ql_gbx [md\u F b ijh\_jbf k_[y
>N@ FDVH FDNH FDEOH FOHDQ FUHDP >V@ IDFH SODFH SHDFH SLHFH QLHFH UHFHLYH GHFHLW FRQFHLW SROLFH >¶@ FKDLQ FKHHVH FKHDS
Ih]h\hjbf h ]jZffZlbd_
Ebqgu_ f_klhbf_gby fu m`_ agZ_f ihqlb \k_ y , lu \RX hg KH hgZ VKH fu ZH \u \RX hgb WKH\
F_klhbf_gb_ LW >Kt@ fh`_l lZd`_ i_j_\h^blvky dZd hg b hgZ dh]^Z j_qv b^zl h
g_h^mr_\ezgguo ij_^f_lZo |
b |
h `b\hlguo ihkdhevdm \ Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ |
g_h^mr_\ezggu_ ij_^f_lu g_ bf_xl jh^Z ,W mihlj_[ey_lky b \ agZq_gbb wlh |
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, VHH LW , QHHG LW |
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Y wlh \b`m Fg_ wlh gm`gh |
:H VHH D WUHH :H VHH LW |
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Fu \b^bf ^_j_\h Fu \b^bf _]h |
(YH VHHV D VZHHW 6KH VHHV LW |
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B\ \b^bl dhgn_ldm HgZ \b^bl _z |
3HWH QHHGV D WDEOH +H QHHGV LW |
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Iblm gm`_g klhe ?fm hg gm`_g |
:jlbdev M bfzg kms_kl\bl_evguo djhf_ g_hij_^_ezggh]h Zjlbdey [u\Z_l hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev WKH >D@@ ?keb bfy kms_kl\bl_evgh_ gZqbgZ_lky k ]eZkghc [md\u lh Zjlbdev ijhbaghkblky g_kdhevdh bgZq_ >DÖ@ WKH DLP WKH DLG
Wlhl Zjlbdev mihlj_[ey_lky dh]^Z kh[_k_^gbdZf ba\_klgh h dZdhf ij_^f_l_ b^zl j_qv Hg fh`_l mihlj_[eylvky b k g_bkqbkey_fufb bf_gZfb kms_kl\bl_evgufb
(DW WKH FDNH ?rv wlh ibjh`gh_ |
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+HDW WKH WHD Ih^h]j_c qZc |
, QHHG WKH QHHGOH Fg_ gm`gZ wlZ b]eZ |
:H VHH WKH ZD\ Fu \b^bf ^hjh]m |
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0D\ , HDW WKH FKHHVH" Fh`gh _klv kuj" |
0D\ (YH WDNH WKH NH\" B\ \havfzl dexq" |
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7KH\ VHH WKH WUHH Hgb \b^yl wlh ^_j_\h |
:H SOD\ WKH JDPH Fu b]jZ_f \ wlm b]jm |
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/D\ WKH WDEOH GZdjhc gZ klhe |
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0D\ , VHH WKH VHD" Fh]m y m\b^_lv fhj_" |
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby I_j_\_^bl_ bo gZ jmkkdbc yaud
0D\ ZH VHH WKH WHDP" :H VHH D ZHDN WHDP :H QHHG WKH WHDP ©*UHHQ 3HDFHª :HDN SHRSOH OHDYH WKH WHDP 7KH\ QHHG EUDYH SHRSOH 0D\ ZH ZDLW " :H QHHG D WDEOH 0D\ , VHH WKH JUHHQ WDEOH" 3OHDVH WDNH WKH JUH\ WDEOH 7DNH LW , QHHG D FOHDQ SODWH 7DNH WKH JUHHQ SODWH SOHDVH 7DNH LW 0D\ WKH\ HDW VZHHWV" <HV WKH\ PD\ , VHH D VWHDN 7DNH LW (DW WKH VZHHWV SOHDVH 0D\ , SDLQW SHRSOH" <RX PD\ SDLQW JUHHQ WUHHV VWUHHWV SHRSOH DQG D VHD
Hij_^_ezgguc Zjlbdev WKH fh`_l [ulv aZf_gzg mdZaZl_evgufb f_klhbf_gbyfb
WKLV >DKs@ wlhl b WKDW >D{t@ lhl i_j_^ kms_kl\bl_evgufb \ _^bgkl\_gghf qbke_
5HDG WKH IDEOH |
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IjhqblZc wlm [Zkgx |
5HDG WKLV WDOH |
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IjhqblZcl_ wlhl jZkkdZa |
0D\ ZH UHDG WKDW WDOH" |
Fh`gh fu ijhqblZ_f lhl jZkkdZa" |
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7HDFK PH WKLV JDPH |
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GZmqb f_gy wlhc b]j_ |
7DNH WKDW ZKHHO SOHDVH |
<havfb lh dhe_kh ih`ZemcklZ |
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MdZaZl_evgu_ f_klhbf_gby bf_xl nhjfm fgh`_kl\_ggh]h qbkeZ
WKLV wlhl WKHVH >DÖz@ wlb WKDW lhl WKRVH >D@uz@ l_
0D\ , SDLQW WKHVH WUHHV" 3DLQW WKRVH SOHDVH 0D\ ZH HDW WKHVH VZHHWV" <RX PD\ HDW WKRVH VZHHWV
Ij_^eh]b LQ >Kn@ \gmljb q_]h eb[h RQ >O@ gZ ih\_joghklb q_]h eb[h
LQ WKH VDIH \ k_cn_ |
LQ WKH VWUHHW gZ mebp_ |
LQ WKH WUHH gZ ^_j_\_ |
LQ WKH WHDP \ dhfZg^_ |
LQ WKH GUHDP \h kg_ |
LQ WKH JDPH \ b]j_ |
LQ WKH ODNH \ ha_j_ |
LQ WKH FDVH \ nmleyj_ |
LQ QHHG \ gm`^_ |
RQ WKH WDEOH gZ klhe_ |
RQ WKH SODWH gZ lZj_ed_ |
RQ WKH ZKHHO gZ dhe_k_ |
RQ WKH ODEHO gZ wlbd_ld_ |
RQ WKH ZD\ ih ^hjh]_ |
RQ VDOH \ ijh^Z`_ |
Ih^\_^zf blh]b
L_kl GZibrbl_ ljZgkdjbipbx ke_^mxsbo keh\
UDLQ SOD\ JUHDW VD\ WKH\ VWUDLJKW EUHDN EH WHD SLHFH UHDG SHDFH VOHHS QLHFH FKHDS
L_kl IjhqblZcl_ g_agZdhfu_ keh\Z Ijh\_jvl_ k_[y ih keh\Zjx
HDFK dZ`^uc SHDFK i_jkbd GHHS ]em[hdbc UHDVRQ ijbqbgZ VKHHW ebkl
L_kl IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby I_j_\_^bl_ bo gZ jmkkdbc yaud
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
Eve and Pete eat meat, cheese and sweet cream.
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AZihfgbl_ a\md >L @ h[hagZqZxl ke_^mxsb_ [md\u
[md\Z H \ hldjulhf keh]_ EH ZH VKH IUHH WKUHH VHD WHD HDW SHRSOH NH\
j_^dh [md\hkhq_lZgb_ LHSLHFH QLHFH EULHI JULHI ILHOG FKLHI WKLHI EHOLHYH
kh\k_f j_^dh [md\Z L \ hldjulhf keh]_ VNL SROLFH
=E:<:
I. Буква [ может обозначать две пары звуков: глухие >ks@ и звонкие >gz@
ER[ >bOks@ dhjh[dZ IR[ >fOks@ ebkZ VL[ >sKks@ r_klv IL[ >fKks@ ijbdj_ieylv
PL[ >mKks@ kf_rb\Zlv WH[W >tekst@ l_dkl WD[ >t{ks@ gZeh] WD[L > 2t{ksK@ lZdkb
H[HUFLVH > 2eksKsaKz@ mijZ`g_gb_ H[DP >Kg 2z{m@ wdaZf_g H[DFW >Kg 2z{kt@ lhqguc
II. Буквосочетание QJ читается как один звук >Î@
а буквосочетание QN как два звука >Îk@
VRQJ >sOÎ@ i_kgy VWURQJ >strOÎ@ kbevguc VSULQJ >sprKÎ@ \_kgZ
WKLQJ >TKÎ@ \_sv VLQJ >sKÎ@ i_lv EULQJ >brKÎ@ ijbghkblv FHLOLQJ > 2sÖlKÎ@ ihlhehd
HYHQLQJ > 2ÖvniÎ@ \_q_j (QJOLVK > 2KÎglKS@ Zg]ebqZgbg (QJODQG > 2KÎgl@nd@ :g]eby
EDQN >b{Îk@ [Zgd WKDQN >T{Îk@ [eZ]h^Zjblv GULQN >drKÎk@ iblv
H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ m kms_kl\bl_evguo \h fgh`_kl\_gghf qbke_ ihke_ rbiysbo b k\bklysbo hdhgqZgb_ HV qblZ_lky >Kz@ IDFH IDFHV > 2feKsKz@ SODFH SODFHV > 2pleKsKz@ FDVH FDVHV > 2keKsKz@ QLHFH QLHFHV > 2nÖsKz@ ER[ ER[HV > 2bOksKz@ IR[ IR[HV > 2fOksKz@ WD[ WD[HV > 2t{ksKz@ VSHHFK VSHHFKHV > 2spÖ¶Kz@ j_qb ZLVK ZLVKHV > 2wKSKz@ ih`_eZgby
BlZd hdhgqZgb_ V qblZ_lky ih ljzf \ZjbZglZf
>s@ SODWHV FDNHV ODNHV ZHHNV VKHHWV VWUHHWV VZHHWV VHDWV
>z@ QDPHV GD\V JDPHV WDOHV WDEOHV ODEHOV WUHHV VHDV GUHDPV WHDPV ZKHHOV VRQJV >Kz@ FDVHV SODFHV IDFHV SLHFHV QLHFHV SHDFKHV VSHHFKHV WD[HV ER[HV IR[HV
< Zg]ebckdhf yaud_ bf__lky ]jmiiZ kms_kl\bl_evguo m dhlhjuo fgh`_kl\_g gh_ qbkeh h[jZam_lky ih hkh[uf ijZ\beZf Ih^jh[g__ h[ wlhf \ kijZ\hqghf jZa^_e_
VKHHS >SÖp@ h\pZ VKHHS >SÖp@ h\pu |
PDQ >m{n@ fm`qbgZ PHQ >men@ fm`qbgu |
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WKLHI >TÖf@ \hj WKLHYHV >TÖvz@ \hju |
OHDI >lÖf@ ebkl OHDYHV >lÖvz@ ebklvy |
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AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby |
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3OHDVH VLQJ WKHVH VRQJV |
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Ih`ZemcklZ kihcl_ wlb i_kgb |
<RX PD\ WDNH WKUHH FDNHV |
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<u fh`_l_ \aylv ljb ibjh`guo |
6KHHS HDW JUHHQ OHDYHV |
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H\pu _^yl a_ezgu_ ebklvy |
7KLHYHV VWHDO WKLQJV |
<hju djZ^ml \_sb |
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,W LV D JUHDW JULHI |
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Wlh [hevrh_ ]hj_ |
7KH FKLHIV SD\ WD[HV |
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Wlb jmdh\h^bl_eb ieZlyl gZeh]b |
5HDG WKH H[HUFLVHV SOHDVH |
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Ih`ZemcklZ ijhqblZcl_ mijZ`g_gby |
=eZ]heu \ lj_lv_f ebp_ _^bgkl\_ggh]h qbkeZ gZklhys_]h \j_f_gb ihemqZxl hdhgqZgb_ H V dhlhjh_ qblZ_lky ih l_f `_ ijZ\beZf qlh b hdhgqZgb_ V m kms_kl\bl_evguo \h fgh`_kl\_gghf qbke_ Bkdexq_gb_ ]eZ]he PD\ Fh^Zevgu_ ]eZ]heu g_ bf_xl hdhgqZgbc H fh^Zevguo ]eZ]heZo qblZcl_ \ kijZ\hqghf jZa^_e_
>s@ |
6KH VSHDNV (QJOLVK |
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HgZ ]h\hjbl ih Zg]ebckdb |
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>z@ |
+H UHDGV LQ WKH HYHQLQJ |
Hg qblZ_l \_q_jhf |
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>z@ |
,W UDLQV LQ VSULQJ LQ (QJODQG |
< :g]ebb \_kghc b^zl ^h`^v |
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>Kz@ |
.DWH IL[HV WKH ODEHOV |
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D_cl ijbdj_iey_l wlbd_ldb |
>Kz@ |
3HWH WHDFKHV -DQH DQG 'DYH |
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Ibl mqbl >`_cg b >_c\Z |
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AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby
(YH UHDGV 6KH UHDGV WDOHV DQG IDEOHV 3HWH QHHGV WKUHH ZKHHOV DQG HLJKW ER[HV +H QHHGV WKH WDEOHV 0DEHO QHHGV WKUHH FDNHV DQG WKUHH VWHDNV 6KH PD\ WDNH WKH FDNHV DQG WKH VWHDNV -DQH WHDFKHV (QJOLVK .DWH SDLQWV SHRSOH VWUHHWV DQG ODNHV 'DYH SDLQWV IDFHV -DNH IL[HV WKH ODEHOV ,W UDLQV LQ 0D\ 3HWH HDWV SHDFKHV +H PD\ WDNH WKUHH SODWHV 7KH WHDPV SOD\ LQ (QJODQG
III. Буква L \ в открытом слоге читается >aK@
KL ijb\_l |
KLGH ijylZlv |
VK\ jh[dbc |
GLH mfbjZlv |
GULYH \h^blv |
E\ hdheh |
WLH ]Zeklmd |
VPLOH meu[dZ |
IO\ e_lZlv fmoZ |
OLH e]Zlv e_`Zlv |
ZLQH \bgh |
GU\ kmrblv |
ILYH iylv |
VLGH klhjhgZ |
WU\ iulZlvky |
QLQH ^_\ylv |
ZULWH >raKt@ ibkZlv |
IU\ `Zjblv |
ILQH ij_djZkguc |
ZKLWH >waKt@ [_euc |
ZK\ >waK@ ihq_fm |
OLNH gjZ\blvky |
FULPH ij_klmie_gb_ |
P\ fhc |
OLIH `bagv |
QLFH ohjhrbc ijbylguc |
WLJHU > 2taKg@@ lb]j |
WLPH \j_fy |
VOLFH ehflbd |
FOLPDWH > 2klaKmKt@ debfZl |
ZLIH `_gZ |
VN\ g_[h |
ZKLOH >waKl@ ihdZ g_fgh]h |
Bkdexq_gby OLYH >lKv@`blv JLYH >gKv@ ^Z\Zlv IULHQG >frend@ ^jm] Z lZd`_ ]jmiiZ
keh\ k dhlhjhc fu agZdhfu SLHFH QLHFH ILHOG FKLHI WKLHI JULHI EULHI EHOLHYH VNL SROLFH
>bnlhg] >aK@ _klv \ fm`kdbo bf_gZo ,NH >aKk@ :cd 0LNH >maKk@ FZcd 6LPRQ
> 2saKm@n@ KZcfhg &\ >saK@ KZc \ `_gkdbo bf_gZo 9L >vaK@ <Zc ,GD > D2 Kd@@ B^Z /LVD
> 2laKz@@ EZcaZ \ gZa\Zgbyo kljZg &KLQD > 2¶aKn@@ DblZc \ gZa\Zgbb ^gy g_^_eb
)ULGD\ > 2fraKdK@ iylgbpZ
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby |
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+L ,NH +L /LVD |
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Ijb\_l :cd Ijb\_l EZcaZ |
, OLNH P\ OLIH |
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Fg_ gjZ\blky fhy `bagv |
:H OLNH 6LPRQ DQG 0LNH |
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GZf gjZ\ylky KZcfhg b FZcd |
/LVD DQG 0LNH OLNH P\ ZLIH |
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EZca_ b FZcdm gjZ\blky fhy `_gZ |
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, OLNH P\ ZKLWH WLH |
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Fg_ gjZ\blky fhc [_euc ]Zeklmd |
7KH\ OLNH P\ ILQH WLH |
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Bf gjZ\blky fhc hlebqguc ]Zeklmd |
:H OLNH WKLV QLFH ODNH |
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GZf gjZ\blky wlh djZkb\h_ ha_jh |
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:H OLNH WKH WUHH E\ WKH ODNH |
GZf gjZ\blky ^_j_\h m ha_jZ |
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0LNH DQG , UHDG WDOHV E\ *UHHQ |
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Fu k FZcdhf qblZ_f jZkkdZau =jbgZ |
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FD\ , ZULWH P\ QDPH LQ (QJOLVK" |
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Fh`gh gZibkZlv k\hz bfy ih Zg]ebckdb" |
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7KH\ ZULWH ©:H QHHG WLPHª |
Hgb ibrml ©GZf gm`gh \j_fyª |
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7KH\ QHHG QLQH GD\V |
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Bf gm`gh ^_\ylv ^g_c |
%\ WKH ZD\ , QHHG ILYH GD\V |
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F_`^m ijhqbf fg_ gm`gh iylv ^g_c |
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0D\ ZH IO\ RQ )ULGD\" |
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Fh`gh fu ihe_lbf \ iylgbpm" |
,GD DQG , IO\ LQ WLPH |
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Fu k B^hc e_lbf \h\j_fy |
, WHDFK (QJOLVK ILYH WLPHV D ZHHN |
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Y ij_ih^Zx Zg]ebckdbc iylv jZa \ g_^_ex |
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AZ^Zgb_ GZibrbl_ ljZgkdjbipbx ke_^mxsbo keh\
VLGH WU\ QLFH VN\ VPLOH ZK\ FOLPDWH ILQH IO\ ZKLWH ZKLOH ZULWH )ULGD\
IV. Буква L перед буквосочетаниями OG QG читается >aK@
PLQG >maKnd@ jZamf |
ELQG >baKnd@ ijb\yau\Zlv |
PLOG >maKld@ lbobc |
NLQG >kaKnd@ ^h[juc |
EOLQG >blaKnd@ ke_ihc |
ZLOG >waKld@ ^bdbc |
ILQG >faKnd@ gZoh^blv |
EHKLQG >bK 2haKnd@ kaZ^b |
FKLOG >¶aKld@ j_[zghd |
Bkdexq_gby FKLOGUHQ > 2¶Kldr@n@ ^_lb ZLQG >wKnd@ \_l_j gh ZLQG >waKnd@ aZ\h^blv qZku
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby |
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, OLNH WKLV NLQG DQG PLOG FKLOG |
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Fg_ gjZ\blky wlhl ^h[juc b lbobc j_[zghd |
)LQG WKLV ZLOG FKLOG |
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GZc^bl_ wlh]h g_\hkiblZggh]h j_[zgdZ |
0LNH DQG &\ KLGH EHKLQG WKH OLPH |
FZcd b KZc ijyqmlky aZ wlhc ebihc |
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, KDWH ZLOG FKLOGUHQ |
G_gZ\b`m jZkims_gguo ^_l_c |
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0\ IULHQGV ILQG 0LNH QLFH |
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Fhb ^jmavy kqblZxl qlh FZcd ohjhrbc |
6LPRQ LV D VK\ FKLOG |
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KZcfhg jh[dbc j_[zghd |
7KH\ WHDFK WKLV EOLQG FKLOG |
Hgb mqZl wlh]h ke_ih]h j_[zgdZ |
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, OLNH NLQG SHRSOH |
Ex[ex ^h[juo ex^_c |
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:H OLNH WKLV PLOG VSULQJ |
GZf gjZ\blky wlZ lzieZy \_kgZ |
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0D\ , ELQG WKH VKHHS" |
Fh`gh fg_ ijb\yaZlv h\pm" |
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V. Буквосочетание LJK также читается >aK@ |
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KLJK >haK@\ukhdbc |
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ILJKW >faKt@[hjhlvky |
ULJKW >raKt@ijZ\bevguc ijZ\uc |
WLJKW >taKt@l_kguc |
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EULJKW >braKt@yjdbc ykguc |
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WLJKWV >taKts@dhe]hldb |
OLJKW >laKt@k\_leuc ez]dbc |
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VLJKW >saKt@aj_gb_ \b^ |
QLJKW >naKt@ghqv |
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IULJKWHQ >fraKtn@im]Zlv |
AZ^Zgb_ IjhqblZcl_ ij_^eh`_gby |
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, OLNH OLJKW QLJKWV |
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Fg_ gjZ\ylky k\_leu_ ghqb |
, OLNH EULJKW GD\V |
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Fg_ gjZ\ylky ykgu_ ^gb |
:H VHH WKH EULJKW VN\ |
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Fu \b^bf ykgh_ g_[h |
, VHH ,NH EHKLQG WKH KLJK WUHH |
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Y \b`m :cdZ aZ \ukhdbf ^_j_\hf |
6LPRQ DQG 0LNH ILJKW |
KZcfhg b FZcd ^_jmlky |
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, VHH WKH ZD\ WR WKH ULJKW |
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Y \b`m ^hjh]m kijZ\Z |
7KLV ZLOG ZLQG IULJKWHQV SHRSOH |
Wlhl mjZ]Zgguc \_l_j im]Z_l ex^_c |
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)O\ KLJK LQ (QJOLVK |
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Mki_oh\ \ bamq_gbb Zg]ebckdh]h yaudZ |
VI. Написание следующих слов с дифтонгом >aK@ надо запомнить
EX\ >baK@ ihdmiZlv E\H >baK@ ihdZ ijb ijhsZgbb H\HV >aKz@ ]eZaZ
KHLJKW >haKt@ \ukhlZ HLWKHU > 2aKD@@ ex[hc QHLWKHU > 2naKD@@ gbdZdhc