Водоснабжение и водоотведение
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МИНИСТ ЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ |
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РЕСП УБЛИКИ БЕЛА РУСЬ |
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БЕЛОРУС КИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ |
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ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВ ЕРСИТЕТ |
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Кафедра «Английский язык № 2» |
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Н. А. Зозон |
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А. Н. Пучко |
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WATE R-SUPPLY E NGINEERINБG |
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AN D SEWAGE |
ISPOSAL |
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ЕНИЕ |
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В ОДОСНАБ |
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И ВОДООТВЕ |
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кое пособие |
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Учебно-ме одичес |
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Минск БНТУ
2014
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ Белорусский национальный технический университет
Кафедра «Английский язык № 2»
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Н. А. Зозон |
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А. Н. Пучко |
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WATER-SUPPLY ENGINEERING |
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AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL |
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ВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЕ |
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И ВОДООТВЕДЕНИЕ |
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мет |
дическое пособие |
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Учебно- |
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для студентов заочной ф рмы |
бучения специальности 1-70 04 03 |
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«Водоснабжен е, водоооведение и охрана водных ресурсов» |
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Рекзменд вано учебно-методическим объединением |
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высших учебных заведений Республики Беларусь по образованию |
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ов области строительства и архитектуры |
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Минск
БНТУ
2014
УДК 811.111:628.1(075.4) ББК 38.761.1я7
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З-79 |
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Рецензенты: |
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доцент кафедры иностранных языков № 1 БГУИР, |
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кандидат филологических наук С. И. Лягушевич; |
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зав. кафедрой иностранных языков № 1 БГАТУ, |
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кандидат филологических наук, доцент Л. И. Копань |
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и водоотведение : |
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-мет дическое |
пособие для студентов за- |
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З-79 |
Зозон, H. A. |
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Water-Supply Engineering and Sewage Disposal = Водоснабжение |
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учебно |
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очной формы обучения специальности 1-70 04 03 «Водоснабжение, |
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водоотведение и охрана в дных ресурсов» / Н. А. Зозон, А. Н. Пуч- |
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ко. – Минск : БНТУ, 2014. – 110 с. |
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ISBN 978-985-550-297-6. |
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-метод ческое пособие соответствует типовой программе по иностран- |
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Учебно |
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ным языкам для нея ыковых вузов. Целью пособия является совершенствование зна- |
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ний и умений студентов, расширение словарного запаса, формирование навыков по- |
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нимания, перевзда и реферирования текстов по специальности. |
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П с бие с ст ит из четырех разделов. Материалом для пособия послужили ори- |
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гинальные, рофессионально ориентированные тексты. |
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Издание предназначено для студентов-заочников, обучающихся по специально- |
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сти «Водоснабжение, водоотведение и охрана водных ресурсов», а также для же- |
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лающих самостоятельно повысить уровень владения английским языком в области водоснабжения и канализации.
УДК 811.111:628.1(075.4) ББК 38.761.1я7
ISBN 978-985-550-297-6 |
© Зозон Н. А., Пучко А. Н., 2014 |
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© Белорусский национальный |
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технический университет, 2014 |
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CONTENTS |
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Предисловие ……………………………………………….........… |
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4 |
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Unit 1. Water on the Earth. Introduction to Water-Supply |
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Engineering ...................................................................................... |
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Text A. Water. General Information ………………………….....… |
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Text B. Water-Supply Engineering and Sewage Disposal ……........ |
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Text C. Municipal Water Consumption and Its Types …………...... |
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Text D. Natural Water Sources and Their Use for Water SupplyУ |
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Purposes ………………………………………………………......... |
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Unit 2. Water Supply Systems |
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Text A. Water Supply Systems ……………......…………………… |
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Text B. The Scheme of Water Supply …………......……………..... |
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Text C. The Main Components and Facilities ofБa Water Supply |
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System ………………………………………….......……………… |
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Text D. Domestic, Public and Industrial Water Supply ….....……... |
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Unit 3. Conventional Water Treatmentи......................................... |
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Text A. Water Quality. Water Pollution and Water Treatment ......... |
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Text B. Conventional Water Treatment. Pretreatment. Coagulation |
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and Flocculation. …………………………………………............... |
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Text C. Conventional Water Treatment. Sedimentation |
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and Flotation. Filtration …………………………………………..... |
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Text D. Conventional Water Treatment. Disinfection. Additional |
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Treatment …………………………………………………..........…. |
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Unit 4. Sewage (Wastewater) Treatment and Sludge Disposal ... |
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Text A. Sewage. Types of Sewage ……………………………........ |
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Text B.пSewage Treatment Process ……………………………....... |
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Text C. Sewage Treatment Process (continuation) ……………....... |
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Text D. Sludge Treatment and Disposal ………………………........ |
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РTopical Vocabulary ……………………………………………..... |
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References ………………………................……………………..... |
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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Учебно-методическое пособие имеет профессиональную направленность и предназначено для проведения практических занятий по английскому языку со студентами заочной формы обучения специ-
альности 1-70 04 03 “Водоснабжение, водоотведение и охрана вод-
ние навыков понимания, перевода и реферирования текстовТпоУспециальности.
ных ресурсов”. Цель пособия — совершенствование и систематиза-
ция знаний и умений студентов, расширение их словарного запаса в
пределах профессионально-ориентированной лексики, формирова-
структурной единицей является тематическиБзавершённыйН блок (Unit). Каждый блок соответствует определённому этапу обучения (Unit 1 – первый семестр, Unit 2 – второй семестр, Unit 3 – третий семестр, Unit 4 – четвёртый семестр).
Учебно-методическое пособие состоит из 4-х самостоятельных
разделов. Разделы построены по единому принципу. Основной
наряду с текстами предлагаютсяруп ажнения на понимание текстов, а также разнообразные речевые и языковые упражнения. Исполь-
Каждый раздел пособия включает профессионально ориентиро- |
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ванные тексты для обучения |
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азл чным в дам чтения: изучающего, |
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ознакомительного, просмот |
поискового. В каждом разделе |
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ового зуются задания на пониманиет смысла через толкование соответ-
ствующих терм нов, упражнения на перевод. Речевые упражнения позволяют провер ть общее понимание прочитанного, закрепить
приобретённые лексические навыки. Система упражнений способ- |
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ла осущпствляется преподавателем на практических занятиях. Повключает тематический словарь.
ствует усв ению профессиональной лексики. Пособие также включает иллюстративный материал, что позволяет более точно и полно собиепонять материал по специальности.
Пров рка изученного грамматического и лексического материа-
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Unit 1 |
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Water on the Earth. |
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Introduction to Water-Supply Engineering |
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“Water is the driver of Nature.” |
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) |
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VOCABULARY WORK |
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1. Read the following international words and guess their meaning. |
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Mind the stressed syllables. Prove thatиthese words are international |
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ones. |
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субстанция; вещество, материал |
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Model: substance ['sʌbst(ə)ns] – |
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aquatic [ə'kwætɪk] |
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human ['hjuːmən] |
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atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə] |
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hydrologic [ˌhaıdrəˈlɒdʒık] |
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bacterium [bæk'tɪərɪəm] (pl. bac- |
medium ['miːdjəm] (pl. media |
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teria [bæk'tɪərɪə]) |
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['miːdɪə]) |
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base [beɪs] |
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metal ['metl] |
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biological [ˌbaɪə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l] |
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microscopic [ˌmaɪkrə'skɒpɪk] |
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centralп['sentr(ə)l] |
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molecule ['mɒlɪˌkjuːl] |
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chance [tʃɑːns] |
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myriad ['mɪrɪəd] |
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characteristic [ˌkærəktə'rɪstɪk] |
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normal ['nɔːm(ə)l] |
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chemical ['kemɪk(ə)l] |
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ocean ['əuʃ(ə)n] |
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civilization [ˌsɪv(ə)laɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] |
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organism ['ɔːg(ə)nɪz(ə)m] |
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class [klɑːs] |
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philosophical [ˌfɪlə'sɒfɪk(ə)l] |
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colour ['kʌlə] |
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phytoplankton [ˌfaɪtəʊˈplæŋktən] |
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complex ['kɒmpleks] |
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physical ['fɪzɪk(ə)l] |
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component [kəm'pəunənt] |
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planet ['plænɪt] |
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condense [kən'dens] |
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polar ['pəʊlə] |
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corrosive [kə'rəʊsɪv] |
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population [ˌpɒpjʊ'leɪʃ(ə)n] |
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cycle ['saɪk(ə)l] |
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portion ['pɔːʃ(ə)n] |
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determine [dɪ'tɜːmɪn] |
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process ['prəuses] |
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element ['eləmənt ] |
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recreation [ˌrɪekrɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] |
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experiment [ɪk'sperɪmənt] |
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religious [rɪ'lɪdʒəs] |
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extreme [ɪk'striːm] |
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saturate ['sætʃəˌreɪt] |
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fact [fækt] |
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structure ['strʌktʃə] |
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form [fɔːm] |
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temperature ['temp(ə)rəʧə] |
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formula ['fɔːmjʊlə] |
(pl. formulae |
transport 1. v [træn'spɔːt]Т |
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['fɔːmjuliː]) |
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2. n ['trænspɔːt] |
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fundamental [ˌfʌndə'ment(ə)l] |
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transportation [ˌtrænspɔː'teɪʃ(ə)n] |
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gas [gæs] |
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typical ['tɪpɪk(ə)l] |
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glacier ['glæsɪə], ['gleɪsɪə] |
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variety [və'raБɪɪtɪ] |
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ground [graʊnd] |
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virus ['vaɪrəs] |
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history ['hɪst(ə)rɪ] |
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zooplankton [ˌzuːəˈplæŋktən] |
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2. Translate the following words andиphrases and memorize them. |
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NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES |
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и |
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acid |
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gas |
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solvent |
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acidity |
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glacier |
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substance |
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alga (pl. algae) |
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groundwater [ground |
supply |
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alkali |
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water] |
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surface |
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alkalinity |
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hardness |
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surface water |
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boiling point |
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hydrogen |
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taste |
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е |
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characteristic |
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liquid |
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temperature |
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colour |
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melting point |
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turbidity |
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compoundп |
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odour |
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vapour |
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consumption |
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oxygen |
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water |
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corrosiveness [corro- |
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physical state |
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water [hydrologic] |
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sivity] |
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property |
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cycle |
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demand |
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protozoan (pl. proto- |
water body |
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development |
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zoa / protozoans) |
water purification |
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drinking water |
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salt [saline] water |
water recycling |
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6 |
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foamability |
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solid |
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water supply |
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fresh water |
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solution |
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waterway |
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VERBS AND VERBAL PHRASES |
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to assess |
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to contain |
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to increase |
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to be |
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to cover |
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to make up |
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to be composed of |
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to determine |
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to nourish |
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to be saturated with |
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to develop |
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to occur |
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to change |
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to exist |
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to protect |
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to condense |
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to find |
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to use |
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ADJECTIVES |
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aquatic |
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chemical |
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odourless |
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aqueous |
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colourless |
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physical |
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available |
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dense |
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solid |
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biological |
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liquid |
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tasteless |
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ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS |
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й |
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Б |
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o C (degree(s) Celsius) |
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etc. (etcetera / et cetera) |
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o F (degree(s) Fahrenheit) |
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H2O |
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р |
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% (per cent / percent) |
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pH |
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о |
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3. Match the English and Russian equivalents.и |
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(1) |
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т |
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1. |
aquatic life |
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a. |
вести себя либо как кислота, либо |
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2. |
aqueous solution |
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как щелочь |
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3. |
chemical compound |
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b. водная флора и фауна, |
гидробио- |
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4. |
complex property |
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нты (организмы, обитающие в во- |
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to act as an acid or as an |
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де) |
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alkaline |
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c. |
водный раствор |
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е |
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6. |
to |
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transported |
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d. занимать площадь |
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through the atmosphere |
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e. использовать |
как среду (веще- |
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toпcarry out a process |
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ство, в котором существует |
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8. |
to cover the area |
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что-л.) |
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to exist in three physical |
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f. |
осуществлять процесс |
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states |
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g. |
перемещаться в атмосфере |
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10.to use as a medium |
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h. |
при нормальных условиях |
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11.under normal conditions |
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i. |
сложное свойство |
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j. |
существовать |
в трех физических |
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7 |
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[агрегатных] состояниях |
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k. химическое соединение |
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(2) |
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1. |
ground [subsurface] and |
a. быть насыщенным водой |
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surface water |
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b. водная поверхность, поверхность |
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2. |
salt [saline] |
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and fresh |
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воды |
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Т |
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water |
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c. водоем; водный объект |
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3. |
to be saturated with wa- |
d. водообеспеченность, запас воды; |
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ter |
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водоснабжение, снабжение водойУ, |
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to flourish around major |
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водоподача, подача воды; водо- |
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waterways |
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провод; pl. водные ресурсы |
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water [hydrologic] cy- |
e. круговорот воды, влагооборот |
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cle |
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f. |
оборотное [повторноеН] водоснаб- |
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water body |
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жение |
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7. |
water |
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purification |
g. очистка воды,Бводоочистка |
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[treatment] |
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h. подпочвенные воды [почвенная / |
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8. |
water recycling |
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грунтовая вода] и поверхностная |
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water supply |
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вода |
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10.water surface |
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i. |
п иоцветать вокруг главных вод- |
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ных путей |
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j. |
с леная и пресная вода |
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и |
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READING PRACTICEт |
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о |
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4. Read the text. Using a dictionary, translate it in writing. |
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е |
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Р |
п |
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Text A. Water. General Information |
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“Water is H2O, hydrogen two parts, oxygen one, |
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but there is also a third thing that makes water and nobody knows what that is.”
D.H. LAWRENCE (1885-1930)
Water is a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing on the Earth in all three physical states: solid,
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liquid, and gas. Water is a colourless, tasteless, and odourless liquid at room temperature. Its melting point is 0o C (32o F), and its boiling point is 100o C (212o F). Water is undoubtedly the most common, plentiful and essential of all chemical compounds.
Significance of Water for Life. Water is vital to life and essential to all living organisms. Life is believed to have originated in the world's oceans, so water has played a central role in the development of life on
Earth. One of water’s most important properties is its ability to be a solvent for many other substances, which is essential to living organisms.
They use aqueous solutions as a medium for carrying out biological pro- |
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cesses. In fact, water participates in every process that occurs in plants |
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and animals. |
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Т |
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Water Properties. Although the |
Н |
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water molecule formula seems simple |
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in structure (H2O), the physical and |
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Б |
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chemical properties of the compound |
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are extremely complex. These proper- |
й |
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ties are incompletely understood and |
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are not typical of most substances. For |
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example, water can sometimes act иas |
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an acid or as an alkali (a base). Anoth- |
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Pict. 1. Water Molecule |
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er unusual property is that in its solid |
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form, ice, water is less dense than |
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о |
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when it is liquid. Ice therefore floats on water and protects the aquatic |
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life below water surface of water bodies in cold areas of the world. Wa- |
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ter occurs as a liquid on the surface of the Earth under normal conditions, |
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з |
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which makes it invaluable for transportation, for recreation, and as a habitat forпa myriad of plants and animals. The fact that water is readily changedеto a vapour (gas) allows it to be transported through the atmosphere from the oceans to inland areas where it condenses and, as rain, Рnourishes plant and animal life. The process is called the “water cycle”,
or the “hydrologic cycle”.
Water Characteristics. Water quality is determined by assessing three classes of characteristics: physical, chemical, and biological. The physical characteristics include turbidity, colour, taste, odour, temperature, and foamability. The chemical characteristics of water are its acidity, alkalinity, pH, hardness, and corrosiveness (corrosivity). The
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