EngМетодВказ2курс

10. How can we measure reverberation time?

II. Agree or disagree with the statements given below.

1.The minimum reverberation time for intelligibility is about 1 sec.

2.12 sec. of reverberation is acceptable for music.

3.It’s impossible to use a hall for both lectures and music.

4.The longer the reverberation, the better for music perception.

5.Any concert hall must have more than 3 sec. of reverberation.

6.It’s impossible to adjust reverberation.

7.As time passes the noise level increases.

8.Reverberation is measured using a plotting device.

9.The process of measurement is followed by the analysis of the trace on a ribbon made by a level recorder.

10.Nowadays the analysis is made automatically.

III. Fill in the gaps with the following words and word combinations.

sermons, slope, reveal, speech, note, intelligible, loudness , tone, pitch, accepted

1.The faster things vibrate, the higher the _____ of the sound produced.

2.La or A is the sixth _____ of the sol-fa.

3.Accurately graphing _____ is the key to graphing linear equations.

4.During the later history of Christianity, several figures became known for their

_____.

5.The _____ of a sound depends on how big the vibrations are.

6._____ is a concept central to music, and the term is often used in conjunction with pitch

7.It is necessary to choose the most _____ approach to organizing the service providers.

8.Philosophy able to be _____ only by the intellect.

9.A guideline of how to _____ the analysis is explained in the next section.

10.Each spoken word is created out of the phonetic combination of a limited set of _____ sound units.

IV. Match the beginning of each sentence with the end.

3.You don’t understand this speech. I wish you ___ (to understand) it better.

4.She should never have played those notes. I wish she _____________ (not to do) that.

5.The music is too boring. I wish we ___ (not to leave) a hotel.

6.The reverberation is too long. I wish there ___ (to be) no loss of detail.

7.I wish the hall ___ (to be used) both for music and speech.

8.I’m tired and wish the analysis ___ (to be carry out) earlier.

9.The excursion was marvelous but I wish we ___ (to visit) the Royal Festival Hall.

10.The cathedral is too large. I wish a public address systems ___ (to be installed) there.

II. Define the function of the Infinitive in the sentences.

1.The technique was created to satisfy the specific needs of system design. Attribute

Object

Adverbial Modifier

2.An alternative to the traditional method is to use high-resolution device to digitize the entire signal.

Subject

Predicate

Object

3. To achieve a low-power front - end using sigma-delta converters is much easier than in the traditional method.

Subject

Attribute

Object

4. The solution to use expensive circuitry to condition these inputs is traditional. Subject

Attribute

Adverbial Modifier

5. Manufacturers choose the bandwidth to meet specific requirements for their machines.

Attribute

Object

Adverbial Modifier

6. It was difficult to hear sermons in large cathedrals before public address systems were installed.

Compound Predicate

Complex Predicate

Object

7. To give an acceptable result in any particular hall reverberation should be adjusted.

Subject

Adverbial modifier

Attribute

8.Wallace Clement Sabine was the first to investigate the impact of absorption on the reverberation time.

Subject

Adverbial modifier

Attribute

9.After the bell stopped ringing a sound wave will continue to bounce around a room, or reverberate, until it has lost all its energy.

Compound Predicate

Complex Predicate

Object

10. A person talking quietly at one end of the famous whispering gallery at St. Paul's can be heard distinctly at the other end.

Compound Predicate

Complex Predicate

Object

Word-Building

I. Translate the sentenses paying attention to the mening of the prefix .

«en» forming verbs, nouns and adjectives expressing conversion into the

specified state.

1.So we will enlarge the category of varieties by adjoining the abstract curves.

2.The company ennobles metal, exploiting its natural characteristics of lightness

and resistance, which make it a unique material.

3 The effect of release of dangerous substances is to endanger human life.

4.The government has promised to chop back its own spending in an effort to encourage the nation to do the same.

5.Reading this book you'll be both entertained and enlightened at the same time.

6.To create a string data definition, enclose a sequence of characters in quotation marks.

7.Trying to enforce the physical security that you've provided for your servers and backbone networking equipment isn't possible.

8.An enfolding sound barrier shows a high effect of reducing noise as compared with the conventional sound barrier.

9.The fact that a question can be phrased in a grammatically correct English sentence doesn't make it meaningful, or entitle it to our serious attention.

10.These functions encode tabs with the common characters that other languages use.

II. Form the adjectives from the following nouns using suffixes –al, -ful.

centre, beauty,politics, care,nation, peace, option, use, profession, industry.

Scientific Communication

I. Make a summary of the text and retell it.

II. Speak about a role of reverberation time in architechtural acoustics.

Unit 6

I. Memorize the following words:

abundant – поширений, численний advantageous – сприятливий, корисний brain – мозок

bundle – вузол, пучок chain – ланцюг

detune – розстроювати equilibrium – рівновага entrainment – винесення, підгонка fiber – волокно, нитка

furnish – постачати, забезпечувати gating – пропускання

mute – приглушувати perception – сприйняття

pertain – відноситись, належати profound – абсолютний

tissue – тканина withdraw – вилучити workout – тест.

II. Work in pairs. Ask your partner the following questions:

1.Which of the sciences does psychoacoustics deal with?

2.What do you know about psychoacoustics?

3.What aspects of human hearing are there?

4.Why do different people have different perception of sounds?

5.Give the definition of resonance.

6.What is the role of resonance in acoustics?

7.Is it possible to use music in medical purposes?

8.What is the name of the part of the central nervous system located in the head controlling the mental processes and physical actions of a human being?

9.What parts does an ear consist of?

10.Yow does hearing ability depend on the age?

III. Scan through the text and find out the words which mean:

1.a brief electromagnetic wave

2.an audio recording created or used in film production

3.a feeling or information got by the senses, not words

4.something constituting a reply or a reaction:

5.treatment of illness or disability

6.a rapid linear motion about an equilibrium position.

7.a session of exercise or practice to improve fitness

8.something, such as medicine or therapy, that relieves pain or corrects a disorder

9.a tissue composed of fibers capable of contracting to effect bodily movement

10.anything kept, furnished, or provided for a specific purpose, e.g. devices

III. Translate the text into Ukrainian.

Psycoacoustics

Psychoacoustics is essentially the scientific study of sound perception and production of speech. The abundant research in the field has focused not only on the exploration of speech and of the psychological effects of music therapy but on sound as vibration. Hearing is not as a purely mechanical phenomenon of wave propagation, but also as a sensory and perceptual event. When a person hears something it arrives as a mechanical sound wave, but within the ear it is transformed into neural action potentials and then travel to the brain.

Resonance is the most important concept in understanding the constructive or destructive role of sound in your life. Entrainment, sympathetic vibration, and others all fall under the rubric of resonance. Entrainment concerns changing the rate of brain waves, breaths, or heartbeats from one speed to another through exposure to external, periodic rhythms. Another growing field is connected with sonic neurotechnologies represented in two distinct approaches to therapeutic sound, namely filtration/gating (F/G) and binaural beat frequencies (BBFs). They are used on some of the audio programs in sound remedies. With filtration, any part of the low, mid, or high end of a recording can be withdrawn and

reintroduced at will. Through the use of sound processing equipment, it is possible to isolate and mute certain frequency bandwidths. Gating refers to the creation of a random sonic event accomplished by electronically processing a soundtrack so it unexpectedly jumps between the high and low frequencies. The net effect is an extensive exercising of the muscles of the middle ear. The combined process of filtration and gating creates a powerful auditory workout. The middle ear mechanism must work very hard to translate the complexity of the treated incoming sound. The effects of filtration and gating are felt on a psychological, neurodevelopmental, and physical level. Children and adults with learning difficulties, developmental delays and auditory processing problems have experienced profound improvement. The field of BBFs is another approach to sound processing. By listening to slightly detuned tones sonic brainwave entrainment takes place. Facilitating a specific range of brainwave states may assist in pain reduction, enhanced creativity, or accelerated learning.

Vocabulary, Comprehension and Summary Writing

I. Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the text:

1.What portion of the ear is involved in training in gating?

2.Which technique is able to affect human’s heartbeat?

3.What arenas may F/G techniques assist in?

4.How does filtration change the process of sound recording?

5.Which concept is associated with destructive role of sound?

6.What happens when a person hears something?

7.What does entrainment refers to?

8.How is a random sonic effect accomplished in gating?

9.What approaches are there in sonic neurotechnologies studying?

II. Agree or disagree with the statements given below.

1.Psychoacoustics pertains to sound remedy.

2.Mechanical characteristics of sound wave are taken into consideration exclusively in the study of human hearing process.

3.Filtration is the creation of a random sonic event.

4.Usually a detuned sound is caused by sonic brainwave entrainment.

5.Gating refers to jumping between the high and low frequencies.

6.Children with auditory processing problems are treated by filtration and gating.

7.Filtration deals with sudden change of frequency.

8.An extensive exercising of the muscles of the inner ear is caused by a random sonic event.

9.Changing the rate of breaths under the influence of periodic rhythms is connected to resonance.

10.Sound processing equipment is unable to isolate any frequency bandwidths.

III. Match the terms with their definitions

A.

1. physiology

2. physics

3. psychology

4. psychiatry

the body's responses to internal and external stimuli

4. nervous system d the application of microfabricated devices to achieve direct contact with the electrically active cells of the nervous system

IV. Match the terms with their translations

V. Fill in the gaps with the following words and word combinations.

workout, binaural, mute, auditory, therapy, pertain, soundtracks, rubric,

exploration, perception

1.Their equipment was bought by a famous film studio to use on______.

2.The ______at the beginning of the chapter is intended to be humorous.

3.Visual ______refers to the ability of an organism to see objects in the world around it.

4.______sound signals are presented with loudspeakers, the system inversion involved gives rise to a number of problems.

5.There is excellent mineral ______ potential beside the already identified resources.

6.If you ______ a noise, you do something to make it less loud

7.The disadvantages of using these drugs include prolonged treatment and the high cost of the______.

8.Tongue twisters are usually used as a good ______ for pronunciation muscles.

9.An ______ illusion happens when the listener hears either sounds which are not present in the stimulus.