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Катастрофы и живучесть

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B TeopHH paCqeTa COOpy)l(eHHH 06bJqHO rrOJIb3Y1OTCH rrOHHTHeM «)I(e­ CTKOCTb KOHCTpYKUHH», KYLJ,a BXOLJ,HT B KaqeCTBe MHO)l(lfTeJIH MOLJ,YJIb yrrpyrocTH MaTepHaJIa (CTaJIH H 6eTOHa). Ho rrOHHTHe «MOLJ,yJIb yrrpy­ rOCTH» LJ,eHCTBHTeJIbHO TOJIbKO LlJIH MeTaJIJIa (Ha yqacTKe 1/50 H 1/100

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[1.28-1.31].

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CooTHoIIIeHliM B pa3Mepax, COOTBeTcTByIOIIIHX HepapXHH ropHhIX

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B rrOCJIe~HHe ~eCHTHJIeTHH rrpOH30IIIJIH ~eCHTIillpa3pyIIIHTeJIhHhIX 3eMJIeTpHCeHHM, ~erpMlipyeT030HOBhIM CJIOM, paJBHBaeTCH fJI06aJIhHOe rrOTeIIJIeHHe. Bce 3TO - Ha <poHe YXY~IIIeHHH3KOJIOmqeCKoro COCTOH­ HHH HallieM IIJIaHeThI li 060cTpeHliH 3HepreTHqeCKOM CHTYaUHH. TYT

COBepIIIeHHO yMecTHo BcrrOMHHTh CJIOBa B. 3axapoBa H <1>. <1>opToBa, aKMeMliKOB PAR: «IIaccHBHoe o~aHHe 6Y~YIIIHXKaTaCTpo<p 6hI­

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MeTo~a qaCTO CJIy)KHT HeKOTopaH CTerreHh pa3yMHoM yBepeHHOCTH,

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rJ1aBa 1. HeIo136e)f{HOCTb KaTaCTpoep...

I 37

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B HaCTOHIIIeM pa60Te Ha OCHOBe JIOrHIill C~eJIaHa rrOrrhITKa 06be­

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<1>H3HqeCKaH OCHOBa TeopHH KaTaCTpo<p - 3TO, KaK yrrOMHHaJIOCh BhlIIIe, HepapxHH, B03pacTaIOlliaH B TpeIIIHHo06pa30BaHHH B 3aBHCH­ MOCTH OT YBeJIHQeHHH pa3Mepa KOHCTpyKUHli. LJ:JIH 6eToHa rrepexo~ K 60JIee KpyrrHhIM TpeIIIHHaM - pe3YJIhTaT Qepe~OBaHHH~BYXOCHOBHhIX COCTOHHHM: rrCeB~OIIJIaCTHQeCKoroli xpyrrKoro.

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38 I

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1.4.MeCTO ....HepopMa4....oHHoM 3HTpon........ BTeop....JlX HaAe>KHOCT........ np06/1eMe KaTacTpoep .... >K .... By~eCT....

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Cl>H3HlfecKoe OIIHcaHHe KaTaCTp0cPHlfecKoro 51BJIeHH5I B MaTepHaJIe CTapaIOTC5I 1I0lllfHHHTh CTporoMy HayqHoMy OlIpelleJleHHIO, IIIHpOKO onHcaHHoMy B MHpOBOH JIHTepaType [1.24-1.26]. B IIpHKJla)l.HOH Ma­ TeMaTHlfeCKOH TeopHH CYIUecTByeT KJIaCcHcPHKaUH5I 3JIeMeHTapHhIX KaTacTpocP H HaClfHThIBaeTC5I 60JIee )l.eC5ITKa HX BH)].OB. TIo CHMIITOMaM HCCJIellOBaHHIO cPYHKUHH Ha MaKCHMYM H C yqeToM HX 6HcPYPKaUHH OIIH­ caHHe 1I03BOJIHeT lIoll06paTh BH)]. 3JIeMeHTapHOH KaTaCTpocPhI. Ka)l()l.oMY BH)].y 3JIeMeHTapHoH KaTaCTpocPhI COOTBeTcTByeT O)l.HH HJIH HeCKOJIhKO cPH3HlfecKHx IIpoueCCOB HJIH 51BJIeHHH H3 IIpHpO)l.hI HJIH TeXHHKH.

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ECJIH Ha6JIIOllaeTC5I CKalfKo06pa3Hoe H3MeHeHHe B BH)].e BHe3anHoro OTBeTa CHCTeMhI Ha IIJIaBHOe H3MeHeHHe BHeIIIHHX yCJIOBHH, TO 3TO KaTaCTpOcPa cphIBa (eCJlH CJlellOBaTh reOJIOmlfeCKOH KJIaCCHcPHKaUHH). Ee mnOTeTHlfeCKHH HenpellcKa3yeMhIH xapaKTep MaKCHMaJIhHO COOT­ BeTcTByeT TexHoreHHOH KaTaCTp0cPe, pa3BHBaIOIIIeHC5I B pe3YJIhTaTe cPH3HlfecKoro npouecca. Ha OCHOBe cPYHllaMeHTaJIhHbIX HCCJIellOBaHHH

B. H. ApHOJIblla MaTeMaTHlfeCKa51 TeOpH5I KaTaCTpocP BKJIlOlfaeT llBe

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139

OCHOBHhIe oc06eHHOCTH oT06p~eHH5IKpHBhIX 1I0BepXHOCTH Ha IIJIOC­ KOCTH (IIO OnpelleJIeHHIO X. YHTHH): «CKJla)l.Ka» H «c60pKa». J1aBHHHOMY IIpoueccy IIpe06pa30BaHH5I MHKpOTpeIUHH B MaKpOTpeIUHHhI B TBep)l.hIX TeJIax 60JIhIIIe COOTBeTcTByeT c60pKa KaK oc06eHHOCTh KaTaCTp0cPHlfe­ CKOro 51BJIeHIDI B 6eTOHe. He nOCJIellHlO1O POJIh HrpaeT 311eCb B3aHMOCB5I3h Harpy)l(eHH5I H TpeIUHHo06pa30BaHH5I B cTpOHTeJIhHOH KaTacTpocPe.

KOHKpeTHa51 H3Y'laeMa51 TeXHOreHHa51 KaTacTpocPa 06yCJIOBJIeHa cPaKToM pa3PYIIIeHH5I MaccHBHoH KOHCTpyKUHH KaK pe3YJIhTaTOM He­ npephIBalOIUeroC5I IIpouecca HaKOlIJIeHH5I 1I0Bpe)l()l.eHHH H TpeIUHH B MaTepHaJIe. TIp05lBJIeHHe HepapXHlfecKoH 1I0CJIellOBaTeJIhHOCTH B 06­ pa30BaHHH MHKpO-, Me30- H MaKpOTpeIUHH B MaCCHBHOH KOHCTpyKUHH HOCHT mlioTeTHlfecKHH xapaKTep. TIoBe)l.eHHe CHCTeM «MHKPOCTpyKTy­ pa B Me30CTpyKType» H «Me30CTpyKTypa B MaKpOCTpyKType» HCKJllOlfaeT H3 CBoero IIp06JleMHOrO 1I0JI5I B03MO)I(HOCTh HCIIOJIh30BaHH5I CYllieCT­ ByIOIUHX)l.eTepMHHHpOBaHHhIX TeopHH IIPOlfHOCTH H TeopHH Ha)l.e)I(HO­ CTH llJI5I CIIJIOIIIHOrO 1I0JI5I co CJIa6hIMH BKJIlOlfeHH5IMH.

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[1.27-1.31].
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