Types of conditionals(Типы условных предложений)

Conditionals are sentences introduced with if.

The main types of conditionals are: Type 0, Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3.

Conditional sentences consist of two parts: the If - clause (придаточная часть, содержащая условие) and the main clause (главная часть предложения). When the if-clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated with a comma. When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then no comma is necessary.

e.g. If the weather is good tomorrow(if - clause), we will go to the beach (main clause)

We will go to the beach (main clause) if the weather is good tomorrow( if – clause)

Type 0 conditionals(general truth)

They are used to express something which is always true. We can use when (=whenever) instead of if.

IF -clause	Main clause
IF +PRESENT SIMPLE	PRESENT SIMPLE

e.g If(When) it rains, the roads get slippery and dangerous. — Если (когда)идет дождь, дороги становятся скользкими и опасными.

Type 1 conditionals(real present)

They are used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future. With their translation they are related(относятся) to the future

IF -clause	Main clause
IF +PRESENT SIMPLE IF +PRESENT CONTINUOUS IF +PRESENT PERFECT	FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS FUTURE PERFECT Modal verbs + bare infinitive(инфинитив без частицы to)

e.g If we work hard, we'll finish the project on time.— Если мы будем усердно трудится, мы закончим проект во время.

РАЗЪЯСНЯЛКА= Проект в данный момент находится в стадии разработки, но может быть закончен вовремя[в будущем], при условии, что исполнители приложат все усилия для этого[сейчас]

In the If-clause we may also used conjunctions(союзы) when, till, until, before, as soon as,

after, unless

e.g. When you cross the park, you will see the hospital.

What will you be doing until he comes to your place?

Unless = if not

e.g If you don’t give me the dictionary, I won’t translate this article.

Unless you give me the dictionary, I won’t translate this article.

Type 2 conditionals(unreal present)

They are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present and, therefore, are unlikely to happen in the future. They are also used to give advice

IF -clause	Main clause
IF +PAST SIMPLE (PAST CONT.) IF HE WERE…. IF I WERE YOU… IF I WERE IN YOUR PLACE…. IF I WERE IN YOUR SHOES…	WOULD+ BARE INFINITIVE COULD+ BARE INFINITIVE MIGHT+ BARE INFINITIVE

e.g If I didn't work such long hours I wouldn't be so tired.— Если бы я не работал так долго, то не устал бы. так (укор самому себе)

РАЗЪЯСНЯЛКА= На самом деле он работал долго и потому так устал. Однако, учитывая предыдущую фразу «Если бы я не работал так долго, то не устал бы так», он в будущем, возможно не будет больше так много работать .— The present situation may be changed in the future

In the If-clause we should always use the PLURAL past form (to be) —WERE

e.g If I WERE not so busy, I would go to the concert with you.

If he WERE not so busy, he would go to the concert with you.

If she WERE not so busy, she would go to the concert with you.

If we WERE not so busy, we would go to the concert with you.

If they WERE not so busy, they would go to the concert with you.