Контрольное задание № 3 Вариант 4

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся придаточными предложениями.

1. All the waves in a laser beam were proved to have the same wavelength.

2. Modern discoveries allow science and engineering to be developed rapidly.

3. Objects are said to be warm, hot, cool, or cold compared with the temperature of the human body.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский зык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод независимого причастного оборота.

1. The current having been determined, and the normal load known, the necessary data could be completed.

2. The automatic computers of the 1940’s being not very reliable, scientists and technologists continued developing them.

3. Different types of contact materials for current collectors having been discussed, engineers chose steel and copper as being the best.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод придаточных условных предложений.

1. If supercomputers had not been used for thermodynamic calculations, the designers have spent all their lives on computations.

2. Superconductivity can be obtained in some materials if the temperature is very low and close to absolute zero.

3. If metal plates are connected by a wire, a current will flow in it for the some time.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните инфинитивы и причастия и определите их функции.

1. When being rubbed, some substances produce electrical charges.

2. To be a complete computer, the microprocessor requires a power supply and memory.

3. The measures discussed are to be used for determining the faults in the conducting wire.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на сложный герундиальный оборот.

1. We know of the Earth behaving as a large magnet.

2. The necessity of full voltage being applied to the bell to ensure an efficient signal being sounded at the receiving station is obvious.

3. The possibility of there being life on Mars is very doubtful.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст со словарём на русский язык.

PHASER

The first letters in the word phaser indicate that the principal peculiarity of this device is phonons-quanta of the crystal lattice oscillations.

In strong electric fields in the crystals of some semiconductor and semi-metallic substances conduction electrons can cause the creation of phonons — to induce sound.

Given definite conditions there occurs a sudden strengthening of phonon emission. It occurs at the rate considerably exceeding the usual one. Thus a coherent stream of phonons is being created. This effect discovered by American scientists in 1962 lasts only a million of a fraction of a second.

Moreover the emission of coherent sound is accompanied by the generation of a tremendous amount of heat, which results in destroying the crystal.

Polish scientists have succeeded in eliminating the influence of this heat effect and as a result of their research an electron-phonon accelerator has appeared. In this device the emitter is cadmium selenide and cadmium sulphide.

The creation of a new physical device is very promising because of its wide application in electronics, radar digital computers, etc.

MICROCOMPUTERS AND MICROPROCESSORS

The microcomputers were the first computers to use a single microprocessor chip as the processor. Personal computers and small business computers are microcomputers. 8-bit microcomputers usually support only one user terminal and have a maximum of 64 KB of memory. 16-bit microcomputers may support several user terminals and usually have a maximum of one million bytes of memory. As the power of microcomputers increases, they can be used in two ways. They can be used either as a central computer (providing processing for several user terminals), or as a more powerful single computer for an individual user.

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