Контрольное задание № 3 Вариант 2

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся придаточными предложениями.

1. Communication is supposed to have no limits nowadays.

2. Scientist knows them to be working on the problem of protecting the cosmonauts from the effect of radiation.

3. An ordinary light was proved to consist of waves all out of phase with each other.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский зык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод независимого причастного оборота.

1. The power consumption in the balance coils is small, their inductance being large as compared to their resistance.

2. The device being faulty, one cannot rely on its readings.

3. The energy sources of the world decreasing, the scientists must find new sources of energy.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод придаточных условных предложений.

1. Device will start working, if you press the button.

2. If two conductors are placed in contact, or joined by a conductor of much lower resistance than the rest of the circuit, most of the current will flow direct between these conductors, which are then said to be short-circuited or “shorted”.

3. If these potentials were in phase, the plate current would be a maximum.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните инфинитивы и причастия и определите их функции.

1. To transmit the image by radio has become a practical possibility not so long ago.

2. The properties of the substances involved are yet not clearly understood.

3. It is quite necessary for the designer to understand the operation of the central processing unit.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на сложный герундиальный оборот.

1. We know of metals being good conductors of electricity.

2. Lebedev’s having invented the method of artificial rubber production helped our country to become independent of imported rubber.

3. The flow of current through the circuit inductance results in energy being stored in the inductance.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст со словарём на русский язык.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS

The 1st-generation computer systems (beginning approximately in 1950) employed vacuum tubes as the primary switching component in the processor. Memories were constructed of liquid mercury delay lines or magnetic drums.

The 2nd-generation systems began around the late 1950’s and used transistors in place of vacuum tubes and memories were made of magnetically cores (M-220, IBM-i401 are examples). Size was reduced and reliability was improved significantly in the 2nd-generation systems. The 2nd generation was primarily a batch processing environment with a single program running at one time.

The 3rd-generation computers, beginning in the mid-1960’s, introduced processors made of integrated circuits (SM-3, IBM-360 and 370 are examples). The 3rd generation also introduced system software technologies like Operating Systems and Data Base Management Systems. On-line systems were widely developed throughout the 3rd generation, although most processing was still batch oriented.

The 4th generation is more evolutionary than revolutionary. Starting in the mid-1970’s, the 4th-generation computer logic and memory were built almost entirely of chips which contain extremely large numbers of electronic components. The 4th generation embraces extensive integration of small and large computers together in a distributed processing environment.

The 5th generation had become formalized by 1990’s. Optical fibers, video-discs and other technologies were used to construct the 5th-generation computer systems. Artificial intelligence techniques were incorporated into every type of application. Modern machines are able to come into contact with a person rather intelligently. ~ 1500