Контрольное задание № 3 Вариант 1

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся придаточными предложениями.

1. The input and output units are known to be necessary components of a computers.

2. The semiconductor diode allows current to flow through it freely in one direction.

3. We know the velocity of a particle to be continuously changing if this particle has a non-uniform motion.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский зык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод независимого причастного оборота.

1. Other factors being constant, the current is known to be directly proportional to conductivity.

2. The article deals with microwaves, with particular attention being paid to radio location.

3. Optic quantum generators having been developed, our scientists could use them in many fields of industry and technology.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод придаточных условных предложений.

1. If they receive all the necessary equipment, they will be able to carry out the experiments.

2. If we look around, we can see that electricity is serving us in one way or another.

3. If ordinary gases are greatly compressed, they become liquids.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните инфинитивы и причастия и определите их функции.

1. The radar detects the stationary objects ahead of the car to warn the driver about them and slow down the speed.

2. The problem to be of special interest is concerned with the ionization of gases.

3. The substance was more valuable than that obtained by the previous authors.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на сложный герундиальный оборот.

1. His being able to become a good scientist was taken for granted.

2. The possibility of chemical energy being transformed into electrical one is evident.

3. We read much about the new discoveries having been made in the field of electronics.

VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст со словарём на русский язык.

THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER

The modern computer is based on the ideas and inventions of many scientists and engineers of the past. Actually, the computer has had three birth dates. One as a mechanical computing device (about 550 B.C.), another as a concept (1883), and the third as a modern electronic digital computer (1946).

The first mechanical calculator, called the abacus, was invented in Babylonia around 500 B.C. The abacus provided the fastest method of calculating and was used until 1642, when the French scientist Blaise Pascal invented a calculator made of wheels and cogs.

It was in 1833 that the concept of the modern computer appeared in Britain. The British mathematician Charles Babbage designed an “analytical engine” that contained all the necessary elements of a modern computer: input devices, memory a computing unit, a control unit, and output devices. The steam-driven “analytical engine” was as large as a locomotive.

hi the late 1920’s and 1930’s, several new types of calculators were constructed and put into operation. But it was only in 1939 that the real prototype of a computer based on a binary numbering system was produced.

It was reasoned that binary numbers were better suited to computing than were decimal numbers, because the two digits — 1 and 0 — could easily be represented by electrical circuits, which were either on or off.

And the modem electronic digital computer appeared in 1946.

The development and use of computers in the modern world has led to a revolution in the way people all over the world communicate with each other and transfer information. ~ 1300