- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give the plural of the following nouns
- •II. Fill in the proper forms of the verb to be
- •III. Change the sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •IV. Change the number of the noun in bold type and make all other necessary changes
- •V. Fill in there is or there are
- •VI. Add question tags to the following statements. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VII. Put the nouns given in brackets in the possessive case and translate the sentences
- •VIII. Fill in the proper forms of the verb to have (have, has)
- •IX. Change the sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •X. Make the following sentences plural, pay attention to the forms of the verbs to be and to have
- •XI. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give the plural of the following nouns
- •II. Put the nouns given in brackets in the possessive case and translate the sentences
- •III. Fill in the proper forms of the verb to be or to have
- •IV. Change the sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •V. Add question tags to the following statements. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VI. Ask questions to which the following statements can be the answers
- •VII. Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives
- •VIII. Replace the adjectives in brackets by their comparative or superlative
- •IX. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •X. Give Active and Passive Infinitive forms of the verbs given below
- •XI. Give four forms of the following regular verbs
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the words on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give the plural of the following nouns
- •VI. Conjugate the following verbs in the Present, Past and Future Indefinite
- •VII. Change the sentences given in the Present Indefinite into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VIII. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IX. Form the Past Indefinite of the following regular verbs
- •X. Change the sentences given in the Past Indefinite into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •XI. Put the verbs in the correct tense form
- •XII. Change the sentences given in the Future Indefinite Tense into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •XIII. Refer the following statements to the past and to the future
- •XIV. Make up as many general questions as you can. Pay attention to the order of words
- •XV. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •XVI. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives
- •II. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate forms of the adjectives from the box
- •III. Give Infinitive forms of the verbs given below
- •IV. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •V. Refer the following statements to the past and to the future
- •VI. Conjugate the following verbs in the Present, Past and Future Continuous
- •VII. Change the sentences given in the Present Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VIII. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IX. Replace the infinitive in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous
- •X. Change the sentences given in the Past Continuous Tense into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •XI. Replace the infinitive in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous Tenses
- •XII. Replace the infinitive in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Future Continuous
- •XIII. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •XIV. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Shops and shopping
- •Shopping in britain
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives
- •VI. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite
- •VII. Change the sentences given in the Past Perfect into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VIII. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect
- •IX. Change the sentences given in the Future Perfect into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •X. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Future Indefinite or the Future Perfect
- •XI. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •XII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives and adverbs
- •II. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate forms of the adjectives or adverbs given in brackets
- •III. Give four forms of the following verbs
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense
- •V. Change the sentences given in the Present Perfect Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VI. Express the same idea in one sentence instead of two by using the Present Perfect Continuous
- •VII. Change the sentences given in the Past Perfect Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VIII. Turn the following into the Past Perfect Continuous. Add other words indicating a past moment as in the model
- •IX. Change the sentences given in the Future Perfect Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •X. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •The geographical position of the united states
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Form the Passive Voice of the following verbs
- •II. Make up as many sentences as you can
- •III. Change the sentences given in the Passive Voice into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •IV. Put the following sentences in the Passive Voice
- •V. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •VI. Put the verbs in the correct tense form
- •VII. Refer the following statements to the past and to the future if possible
- •VIII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Indirect democracy
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Put the following sentences in the Passive Voice
- •III. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IV. Put the verbs in the correct tense form
- •V. Refer the following statements to the past and to the future if possible
- •VI. Say whether the action of the object clause precedes, follows or is simultaneous with the action of the principal clause in the following sentences
- •VII. Use the required tense aspect forms in the following sentences, observing the rules of the sequence of tenses
- •VIII. Ask your friends and then say what they answered
- •IX. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Give four forms of the following irregular verbs. Consult the table of irregular verbs if necessary
- •II. Put the following sentences in the Passive Voice
- •III. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IV. Put the verbs in the correct tense form
- •V. Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech. Make the necessary changes in verbs and pronouns
- •VI. Put the following in indirect speech
- •VII. Put the following in direct speech with the appropriate punctuation
- •VIII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Put the verbs in the correct tense form
- •II. Put the following in indirect speech
- •III. Change the given sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •IV. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •V. Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with may, might, can or could
- •VII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Put the verbs in the correct tense form
- •II. Put the following in indirect speech
- •III. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IV. Paraphrase the following using the verb must
- •V. Paraphrase the following using the modal verb to have to
- •VI. Paraphrase the following sentences referring them to the past and to the future
- •VII. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use the modal verb need
- •VIII. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •IX. Fill in the blanks with to be to, to have to or must, using the correct form of the infinitive
- •X. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
- •II. Refer the following to the past. Make all the necessary changes
- •III. Paraphrase the sentences using the verb shall
- •IV. Paraphrase the following using the verbs will or would
- •V. Use dare with the correct form of the infinitive in brackets
- •VI. Paraphrase the following sentences using the proper modal verbs
- •VII. Use be to, can, have (had) to, may, must, should, with the correct form of the infinitive in brackets
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English using the modal verbs be to, should, ought to, can (could), be able to, dare, must or need.
- •IX. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Put the verbs in the correct voice and tense form
- •II. Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice
- •III. Put the following sentences in the Passive Voice
- •IV. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the negative forms of the modal verbs able to, could, may, might, must, need, should and translate the sentences into Ukrainian
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verbs
- •VII. Give possible answers to the following statements or questions using the proper modal verbs
- •IX. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Match these terms with their definitions
- •II. Match the verbs on the left with their corresponding definitions on the right
- •III. Match the words in column a with their synonyms in column b and antonyms in column c
- •IV. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and expressions. Use a dictionary
- •V. Match the English and Ukrainian equivalents
- •VI. Find synonyms of the following word combinations
- •VII. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •I. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, translate the sentences in which they are used and make up sentences with them
- •II. Find English equivalents of the words and word combinations given below and make up sentences with them
- •III. Fill in prepositions, where necessary
- •IV. Fill in articles where necessary
- •V. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate words from the box
- •VI. Translate into English
- •I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
- •II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
- •I. Complete these sentences using the passive voice
- •II. Put the verbs in the correct voice and tense form
- •III. Put the verb in the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive Voice
- •VI. Make up sentences from the words in brackets
- •VII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •Indefinite Tenses
- •Indirect Speech
- •Variant 1
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •VII. Ask all possible questions about the sentences and put them down
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 2
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •VII. Ask all possible questions about the sentences and put them down
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •IV. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the proper tense forms
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verb using the correct form of the infinitive
- •VII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •IV. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the proper tense forms
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verb using the correct form of the infinitive
- •VII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Variant 3
- •I. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following adjectives and their comparative and superlative
- •II. Give the meaning of the following verbs and their four forms
- •III. Put the following sentences in the Passive Voice
- •IV. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the proper tense forms
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verb using the correct form of the infinitive
- •VII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •IV. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the proper tense forms
- •V. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. The first letter or letters of the missing words are given, and the dashes correspond to the number of missing letters
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verb using the correct form of the infinitive
- •VII. Make up sentences from the words given below
- •VIII. Translate into English
- •IX. Read and translate the text orally. Translate paragraph 4 in writing
- •X. Answer the following questions in writing
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •Irregular verbs
VI. Translate into English
1. Вашингтон був обраний постійним місцем для національної столиці Джорджем Вашингтоном.
2. Загалом клімат у Північній Америці набагато холодніший, ніж у Європі, і середня щорічна температура в Нью-Йорку становить 11° С.
3. Загальна площа США становить понад дев'ять мільйонів квадратних кілометрів.
4. Канада на півночі й Мексика на півдні – єдині країни, що межують зі Сполученими Штатами.
5. Клімат на півдні субтропічний; жаркі вітри, що віють з Мексиканської затоки, часто приносять тайфуни.
6. Континентальна частина США складається з чотирьох географічних частин: двох нагірних і двох низинних областей.
7. Між Скелястими горами й горами Аппалачі – центральна низовина, яка зветься прерією.
8. Місурі – одна з численних притоків Міссісіпі.
9. На Тихоокеанському північному заході ростуть густі хвойні ліси з ялини, тсуги і сосни.
10. Скелясті гори вважаються молодими, високими, важкодоступними й нерівними за формою.
11. Сполучені Штати розташовані в центральній частині Північноамериканського континенту.
12. У північній частині гір Аппалачі й у високогірній області Великих озер переважають змішані ліси з берези, бука, клена й сосни.
SPEECH EXERCISES
I. Make up situations of your own using the given words and word combinations
1. The United States is one of the largest countries in the world (bordering on; central; consists of; continent; extremely; over; Pacific Ocean; part; possesses; separate; separated by; situated; stretches; territory; Pacific Ocean; total area).
2. The continental part of the USA (considered; geographical; high; highland; in shape; in the east; in the west; irregular; lowland; metres; peak; physical; prairie; regions; rough; valley; young).
3. The United States is a land of rivers and lakes (between; boundary; canals; flowing south; included; joined together; land of; lakes; main; rivers; short; state of; tributaries).
4. The USA is a country of great diversity (annual; average; blowing from; changeable; climate; different; region; regions; several; subtropical; temperature; typhoons; weather; zones).
5. Vegetation in the USA (beech; birch; cactus; coast; coniferous forests; covered by; dense; dominated by; fir; giant redwoods; hemlock; maple; marsh grasses; mixed forests; pine; poplar; principal; spruce).
6. The population of the USA (chosen; cities; consists of; differ; economic development; lives; nation’s capital; people; permanent; population; site; size; towns).
II. Complete the open dialogue and learn it by heart
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Generally speaking the USA is an extremely large country in North America. Its total area is over nine million square kilometers. |
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As far as I know the USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska, separated by the Canadian territory, and the rest major part of the USA. |
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On the contrary, it possesses a lot of islands in the Pacific Ocean and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in the Atlantic. |
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As far as I remember the continental part of the USA consists of four physical geographical parts: two highland and two lowland regions. |
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As I see it, the highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Cordillera and the Rocky Mountains in the west. |
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I can’t agree with you. The highest peak in the Appalachian Mountains is 2.037 metres high. The highest peak of the Cordillera in the USA is 4.418 metres high. |
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In my opinion the Appalachian Mountains are very old and the Rocky Mountains are considered to be young, high, rough, and irregular in shape. |
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To my mind between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains there are the central lowlands, called the prairie, and the eastern lowlands, called the Mississippi valley. |
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The matter is that the United States is a land of rivers and lakes. I believe the northern state of Minnesota is the land of 10 000 lakes. |
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The five Great Lakes, between the USA and Canada, include Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. |
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I'm of the same opinion, they are all joined together by short rivers or canals, and the St. Lawrence River joins them to the Atlantic Ocean. |
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I don't think so. In the west of the USA there is another lake called the Great Salt Lake. |
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I fully agree with you. The main rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri, its tributary, the Rio Grande, the Yukon, the Colorado, the Columbia, the St. Lawrence River and the Hudson River. |
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As far as I am concerned the Mississippi and the Rio Grande flow into the Gulf of Mexico. |
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I suppose the Yukon flows northwest and then southwest from Canada through Alaska to the Bering Sea and the Colorado flows into the Gulf of California. |
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I am declined to think that the Columbia flows into the Pacific Ocean, and the St. Lawrence River and the Hudson River flow into the Atlantic Ocean. |
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GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Exercise I. Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives and adverbs
acceptable; cheap; common; costly; definite; densely; exhausted; expensive; famous; fashionable; favourite; generally; helpful; immense; narrow; obviously; ordinary; popular; reasonable; refreshed; smart; special; stylish; tired; unfashionable; unknown; unpopular; unreasonable; useful; useless; wide.
Exercise II. Give the comparative and superlative forms of the following compound adjectives
far-fetched; fine-looking; good-natured; high-pitched; kind-hearted; light-minded; much-travelled; narrow-minded; old-fashioned; short-sighted; strong-willed; well-known; well-read.
Exercise III. Supply the missing form
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well |
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near |
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worse |
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further |
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older |
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later |
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best |
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farthest |
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eldest |
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Exercise IV. Complete the following sentences filling in appropriate forms of the adjectives or adverbs given in brackets
1. In general, the climate in North America is much (cold) than in Europe.
2. Our pilots fly (high) of all, (far) of all, and (fast) of all.
3. The (cold) regions in the USA are in the north and northeast of the country.
4. The (large) of America’s states is Alaska and Rhode Island is the (small) state.
5. The (much) you read the (soon) you enlarge your vocabulary.
6. The United States is one of the (large) countries in the world.
7. Yesterday he came home (late) than usual.
Exercise V. Give four forms of the following verbs
to be; to blow; to border; to bring; to buy; to call; to chose; to consider; to consist; to deal; to differ; to eat; to flow; to give; to go; to have; to join; to make; to pay; to possess; to put; to run; to sell; to stand; to stretch.
Exercise VI. Make up as many sentences as you can. Pay attention to the order of words
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had |
already |
been to London |
by five o'clock. |
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has |
never |
cooked breakfast |
by Monday. |
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have |
(not) often |
crossed the street at that place
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by that time. |
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shall have |
seldom |
gone to the Caucasus |
by three o'clock. |
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will have |
just |
left for the USA |
these two years. |
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yet |
read that article |
this month. |
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visited the exhibition |
this week. |
Exercise VII. Change the sentences into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers
1. He left home, took a taxi and drove to the airport.
2. He was watching TV when the telephone rang.
3. He worked hard at that problem for a whole year.
4. If you come today, we shall play chess.
5. She is always finding faults with the children.
6. The mail coach took both people and the post from town to town.
7. The train will have left by the time they come to the station.
8. We shall be discussing this question at four o’clock in the afternoon tomorrow.
9. When I came home, mother was cooking dinner.
10. You have done a lot of work this week.
Exercise VIII. Add question tags to the following statements and give short answers
1. He is leaving for the country tomorrow.
2. He looked at me and fell into silence.
3. He never speaks while he is working.
4. He will be working here all day long.
5. I had been sleeping for two hours when she came.
6. I shall speak to him before he leaves.
7. They will have been building this house for two years when you arrive.
8. We had a lot of difficulties but we have overcome them.
9. We have not yet seen any pictures by this painter.
10. When the telephone rang she was playing the piano.
Exercise IX. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the proper tense forms
1. At the travel bureau they (to tell) you exactly when the train (to leave).
2. I (not to have dinner) yet, the waitress (to take) my order fifteen minutes ago and (not to bring) me anything yet.
3. In the morning all the passengers (to feel) well after the night they (to spend) in the comfortable sleeper.
4. It usually (to be) cold in the USA in winter, but this winter (to be) exceptionally warm.
5. Tell the hotel boy to brush your shoes when you (to come) from the outing.
6. The delegation (to start) for London as soon as they (to receive) their visas.
7. They (to drive) in the car for many hours before they (to come) to the crossroads.
8. We (to have) to stay at the station for the night because we (to miss) the last train.
9. When I (to arrive) he (to stay) at the same hotel where we first (to meet).
Exercise X. Join the following simple sentences into a complex one using the conjunction which follows the statement
Model: You will get on this bus. It will take you to the railway station. (if) If you get on this bus it will take you to the railway station.
1. He will come to the conference on Monday. You will call him. (if)
2. He will leave for London. His brother will arrive. (if)
3. I shall be at home. You will ring him up. (till)
4. I shall go to the Crimea tomorrow. I shall buy a ticket. (if)
5. I shan’t leave the room. I shall see my sister. (till)
6. They will go to the cinema. The lecture will be over. (when)
7. We shall go to the country. The weather will be fine. (if)
8. You will know English well. You will work hard. (if)
9. You will understand nothing. You will read the book yourself. (unless)
10. You will understand this rule. The teacher will explain it to you. (after)
Exercise XI. Change the Future Indefinite into another Future Tense according to the time signal
1. He will answer our question. (from ten till eleven tomorrow)
2. I shall do the greater part of the work. (before you turn to him for help)
3. I shall wait for Nick. (at two o’clock tomorrow)
4. I shall work on my report tomorrow. (for several hours when you return)
5. She will translate a very interesting article. (by Friday)
6. The agreement will be reached. (by the end of the meeting)
7. The doctor will examine you. (by six o’clock)
8. They will make an experiment. (at this time tomorrow)
9. They will show the film to our students. (before you ask about it)
10. We shall watch TV tomorrow. (from five till seven)
Exercise XII. Make up sentences from the words given below
1. a; always; are; consult; we; dictionary; English; from; translating; we; while.
2. been; for; had; he; minutes; receiver; the; ringing; several; telephone; the; took; when.
3. am; Caucasus; going; I; in; my; spend; summer; the; to; vacation.
4. a; because of; boys; I; lot of; making; noise; out of; room; the; the; went; were; who.
5. cooking; dinner; dishes; I; was; mother; the; was; washing; while.
6. already; back; be; children; come; sleeping; the; when; will; you.
7. before; day; girl; has; the; not; since; slept; the; yesterday.
8. any; from; has; he; her; letters; not; received; this; week.
9. been; came; father; for; had; he; looking; magazine; minutes; for; the; thirty; when.
10. an; been; come; for; half; have; hour; I; shall; training; when; you.
UNIT 8
THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN BRITAIN
BEFORE YOU READ
Answer these questions
1. Do you agree that the State System of any nation is not an artificial creation of any genius? Why?
2. What is the monarchy? What kinds of monarchy do you know? What is the difference between them?
READING TASKS
A. Understanding main points
Read the text below about the state system of the United Kingdom and answer the questions, beginning your answers with the following phrases: as a rule …; to tell the truth …; as far as I know …; the matter is that …; as far as I remember …; as far as I am concerned …; frankly/strictly speaking …; to make a long story short … .
1. What do you think the State System of any nation is?
2. What can you say about state organs of the U.K.?
3. What do we mean when we say that the monarchy in the UK is hereditary?
4. What does the crown symbolize in Britain?
5. Has the monarch’s power in Britain declined?
6. What are the duties of the monarch?
7. What is the supreme legislative organ of the United Kingdom? What does it comprise?
8. What Houses does the British Parliament consist of? What do they differ in?
9. What is the procedure of making up the Cabinet?
10. Do you agree that the Cabinet is the nucleus of the Government? Why?
11. What is the Government responsible for?
12. What are the Lord Chancellor and the Home Secretary responsible for?
B. Understanding details
Mark the statements T (true) or F (false) according to the information in the text. Give your reason using the following phrases: as a matter of fact ...; I don't think so …; I'm of the same opinion …; in my opinion …; on the contrary …; strictly speaking ...; to my mind ... .
1. The State System of any nation is the embodiment of different rational schemes.
2. The United Kingdom is an absolute monarchy.
3. The crown symbolizes the British monarch’s supreme power. Nowadays the monarch holds most authority.
4. The British call their government “Her Majesty’s Government” and government officials work “On her Majesty’s Service”.
5. The monarch summons, dismisses and dissolves Parliament, completes the process of passing an act by giving the royal assent.
6. The House of Commons and the House of Lords are elected bodies. They have fixed number of members.
7. The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Lords.
8. The Prime Minister is appointed directly by the Parliament.
9. The Speaker of the House of Commons is elected by the members of the House of Lords immediately after each new Parliament is formed.
10. The Lord Chancellor supervises and coordinates the work of the various ministers and departments in the House of Commons.
11. The Government may hold office for four years.
12. Parliament makes the important decisions about foreign policy, education, or health.
THE STATE SYSTEM OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
The State System of any nation is not an artificial creation of some genius or simply the embodiment of different rational schemes. It is nothing else but a work of many centuries, a product of a national spirit, a political mentality and the consciousness of people.
The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. State organs of the U.K. include the monarchy, the legislative, executive and judicial organs of Government.
The monarchy is the most ancient institution in the United Kingdom, with a continuous history stretching back over a thousand years. The monarchy is hereditary. The throne passes from a king or a queen to his or her eldest son or daughter. The crown symbolizes the British monarch’s supreme power. For hundreds years the monarch held most authority. But as parliament’s power grew, the monarch’s power declined. Today, almost all the powers of the Crown are used by various government officials in the monarch’s name. The British call their government “Her Majesty’s Government” and government officials work “On her Majesty’s Service”.
The monarch formally summons, dismisses and dissolves Parliament, completes the process of passing an act by giving the royal assent. The Lord Chancellor and the Speaker normally announce to Parliament that the monarch has given the royal assent to a bill. By tradition the monarch never acts without the advice of her or his ministers.
Parliament is the supreme legislative organ of the United Kingdom. It comprises the hereditary monarch in the constitutional role, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The Commons is an elected and representative body. Members are paid a salary and an allowance. The House of Commons has 651 elected Members of Parliament, known as MPs, each of whom represents a constituency of the United Kingdom. They are elected either at a general election, or at by-election following the death or retirement of an MP. The Speaker of the House of Commons is elected by the members of the House immediately after each new Parliament is formed.
The centre of parliamentary power is the House of Commons. The leader of the party that obtains a majority of seats in the House of Commons is the Prime Minister. The other party is the Opposition. It has a duty to challenge government policies and to present an alternative programme. The Prime Minister is appointed directly by the Crown. He consults and advises the Monarch on government business, supervises and coordinates the work of the various ministers and departments in the House of Commons. He also makes recommendations to the King or the Queen on many important public appointments. In fact, the Prime Minister is the virtual ruler of the country.
The House of Lords is still a hereditary body. It has no fixed number of members. But four groups of people are entitled to sit in the House of Lords: two archbishops (of York and Canterbury), and twenty-four most senior bishops of the established Church of England, the law lords, hereditary peers, and life peers. The monarch formally appoints all bishops and also creates peers on the advice of the Prime Minister. The House of Lords is presided over by the Lord Chancellor who is the chairman of the House. He is also a member of the government and head of the judicature (judicial system), presides over the House of Lords both when it sits as a legislative (lawmaking) body and when it sits as a law court.
The monarch asks the Prime minister to form a government – that is to select ministers to head governmental departments and to hold various offices. The Prime minister appoints about 100 ministers. Ministers are responsible for government decisions and individually responsible for their own departments. From them, the Prime minister picks a special group of ministers to make up the Cabinet. The Cabinet is the nucleus of the Government. It includes the ministers in charge of major government departments or ministries. All major decisions of the Government are made by the Cabinet, and therefore it is the Cabinet which forms Government policy. There is no limit on the size of the Cabinet but the number of salaried Secretaries of state is limited to twenty-one.
The Government may hold office for five years. It makes the important decisions about foreign policy, education, or health. If Parliament thinks that a particular Government policy is against the public interest, then it can force the Government to change its mind but all these decisions have to be approved by Parliament. Departments and ministries are run by civil servants, who are permanent officials. Even if the Government is changed after an election, the same civil servants are employed.
The United Kingdom has no Ministry of Justice. Responsibility for the administration of the judicial system in England and Wales is divided between the courts themselves, the Lord Chancellor, and the Home Secretary. The Lord Chancellor is responsible for the composition of the courts, civil law, parts of criminal procedure and law reform in general. The Home Secretary is responsible for the prevention of criminal offences, trial and treatment of offenders and for the prison service.