14. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной форме времени и залога, соблюдая правило согласования времен. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

2) We knew that they (to come) to visit us next Sunday.

3) John said that he (to go) away on Wednesday.

4) People were sure that soon a spaceship (to fly) to other planets.

15. Преобразуйте следующие предложения из прямой речи в косвенную. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Не said, "I will be here at noon".

He said that he would be here at noon. - Он сказал, что будет здесь днем.

2) He said, "I have to finish this report by five o'clock."

3) The doctor said, "Mr. Smith will improve quickly."

4) Ann said to me, "I am leaving in the morning."

16. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Подчеркните в придаточ­ных предложениях глаголы в сослагательном наклонении:

1) It would have saved you a lot of time if you had prepared for your experiment more carefully.

2) If it were possible to live on the Moon, people would be able to jump about six times as high as they can on the Earth.

7) Should she come, let her wait a little.

17. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Indefinite (Simple) и переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If you (to study), you will pass your exam.

If you study, you will pass your exam. - Если вы будете заниматься, вы сдадите экзамен.

14. If you (to drive) slowly, you won’t have any accidents.

7) If you (to study) hard, you can easily pass your exam.

18. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite (Simple) и переведите предложе­ния на русский язык:

Образец: If you (to study), you would pass your exam.

If you studied, you would pass your exam. –

Если бы вы занимались, вы бы сдали экзамен.

3) If you (to take) the noon train, you would get there about four o'clock.

5) If I not (to have) to work today, I would go to the park with you.

19. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future in-the-Past и переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If you studied, you (to pass) your exam.

If you studied, you would pass your exam.

- Если бы вы занимались, вы бы сдали экзамен.

3) If she prepared her homework every day, she (to get) better marks.

5) If it were not cold, there (to be) no snow on the ground.

20. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Perfect и переведите пред­ложения на русский язык:

Образец: If I (to have) time yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

If I had had time yesterday, I should have gone to the party. - Если бы у меня было время вчера, я бы пошел на вечер.

3) If I (to know) you were living in Moscow, I should have looked you up.

5) If I (to receive) your message, I should have come at once.

21. Употребите Past Indefinite (Simple) после союза if, сделав соответствующие изменения в главном предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If John comes, he will help us.

If John came, he would help us. - Если бы Джон пришел, он бы помог нам.

3) If they work hard, they will learn English.

5) If we hurry, we can get there by two o'clock.

22. Употребите Past Perfect после союза if, сделав соответствующие изменения в главном предложении. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: If John comes, he will help us.

If John had come then, he would have helped us.

3) If I feel better, I shall go with you.

5) If she saves her money, she will be able to go on a vacation.

23. Переведите текст и напишите аннотацию к нему на английском языке.

Metals for Motoring

The parts of your car come in all kinds of different shapes and sizes and, what is equally important, in a wide variety of different materials. Let us have an in-depth look at car materials.

Iron. Obviously the bulk of a motor car is made from metals based on iron. Iron is an element that has a chemi­cal symbol Fe and is the father of the ferrous family. It is obtained by filling a blast furnace with iron oxides or car­bonates and coke, setting light to the mass and blowing air through it. The carbon in the coke and the oxygen in the iron oxide combine to produce carbon monoxide that burns and takes more oxygen from the iron part of the furnace charge to give carbon dioxide. As the temperature in­creases the iron melts and, from time to time, is allowed to flow out of the bottom of the furnace into special troughs cut into the sand floor of the iron works.

Blast furnace-produced iron, the basic material of steels, contains between 3 and 4°/o of carbon and smaller percentages of impurities such as sulphur, silicon, phosphorus and manganese.

Cast iron. Ordinary cast iron is produced by melting pig iron and pouring it into moulds, made of sand, to get it to set into complex shapes. It is a cheap material that is soft, fairly brittle and unsuitable for anything that takes a tension or bending load. In compression there is virtually no plastic deformation or elasticity; it just suddenly frac­tures across a plane at about 55°. So cast iron is used for castings such as crank-cases, gearboxes and rear axles.

If the pig iron used for casting is specially selected to have smaller amounts of carbon and a low sulphur and phosphorous content and the rate of cooling the casting is controlled to a slow rate, then the structure of the iron is improved. The graphite can be made to form into balls or modules, which are much stronger than the usual plates or starfish shapes and the iron part tends to form as pearlite. These cast irons are two or three times as strong in tension as ordinary grey cast iron and have a certain amount of elasticity and less brittleness. They are used for crankshafts as it is much easier to cast a crankshaft shape than to forge it.

Copper. The main constituent of the brass/bronze fam­ily is copper, which is obtained by roasting the copper sulphide ores to remove the arsenic and antimony impuri­ties and then smelting the ores in a furnace to produce the molten metal. Copper is soft, ductile and easily worked and is difficult to produce in a really pure state. Plain copper is seldom used for anything but electrical compo­nents in cars, due to its low resistance. It is used for pipe­work because of its ductility, but has been replaced by cheaper and better materials.

Aluminium. Aluminium is produced by electrolytic means from bauxite, an aluminium hydroxide, and makes a good clean casting with a fairly coarse grain structure. It is a fair substitute for cast iron except that it is a bit more ductile. On the other hand, it can be rolled or drawn into sheets, rods, and tubes that can be bent due to their ductility whereas cast iron cannot.

The aluminium alloys with copper, manganese, silicon and nickel are pretty numerous and are selected either for their corrosion resistance, high electrical conductivity, ductility and/or higher strength.