Parts of a Building

1. Houses are built of wood, brick, stone and concrete. All the parts of such houses are produced on an industrial scale in factories and assembled on the spot. In the construction of a house the first step is to make a careful survey of the site and to examine the soil in order to find its bearing power. Next the building lines are staked out. After this the foundations are built. The excavation is dug for the basement and then followed by the building of the foundation walls below ground level. Foundations are to keep the floors and walls from contact with the soil, to act against the action of frost and to prevent from settlement.

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2.The part upon which the stability of the structure depends is the framework. It carries the loads, which are imposed on it. The designer determines the size of the

walls, the floor joists, the beams, the girders and the parts, which make up the framework. He also decides how they are to be spaced and arranged.

3.The building of a wall consists in laying down courses of bricks and bonding them together with mortar. Walls are constructed to enclose areas and to support the weight of floors and roofs. The walls may be solid and hollow. Besides brick, stone, concrete and other natural and artificial materials are used for the construction of walls.

5.Floors divide the building into stages or storeys. They may be of timber or may be constructed of fire-resisting materials.

6.The whole structure is crowned by the roof, which covers the building and protects it from exposure to the weather. It ties the walls and gives strength to the structure.

6. Прочитайте 2 абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Перепишите вопрос и укажите правильный вариант ответа.

What does the stability of the building depend on?

1.Size of the walls.

2. Framework.

3.The designer.

Вариант 3

1.Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (Образец №4)

1.Bricks have been in constant use everywhere in every sort of construction. 2.Is 2 o’clock tomorrow OK with you? - I’m sorry, I’ll be papering the walls. Let’s meet some other time. 3.An important part in the history of building was played by the column. 4.Is your house looked after when you are on holiday?

2.Перепишите следующие предложения ; подчеркните причастие 1

(Participle 1) и причастие II (Participle II) и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения. (Образец №5)

1.While waiting for him I looked through the magazines lying on the table.

2. The results obtained were of great importance. 3. When reconstructed the theatre looked more beautiful than before. 4.I shall still be translating the article when you come.

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3.Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1.You’ll have to wait until I finish. 2.I’m to visit New York and Washington .3.I should show this letter to my boss. 4. After a lot of discussion they were able to solve this problem.

4.Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1,3 ,4 абзацы.