Evolyutsia_koreyskogo_goroda_Formirovanie_gorodskogo_prostranstva_i_transformatsia_arkhitekturnoy_formy

ȼ ɝ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɭɰɢɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ Ɍɯɷɤɚɤ ɚ ɫ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɭɞ ɞɢɡɦ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɹɬɢɹ ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɉɯɟɧɶɹɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɯɪɚɦɨɜ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɜ VI-VII ɜɜ ɤɨɝɭɪɺɫɰɵ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɥɢ ɞɚɨɫɢɡɦ ɛɭɞ

ɞɢɡɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɫɹ ɝɨɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɨɫɵ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɢ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥ ɫɭɳɟ ɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɲɚɦɚɧɢɡɦ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɨɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɟɞɤɚɦ ɢ ɇɟɛɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚ ɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɛɵɥ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɝɨɪ ɢ ɪɟɤ ɚ ɢɡ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɬɨɬɟ ɦɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɶ ɬ ɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɑɨɫɨɧɚ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɥɠɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɝɭɪɟɫɰɵ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɨɤ ɛɵɥ ɪɨɠɞɟɧ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɢɰɟɣ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɟ ɇɟɛɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɫɨɡɜɟɡɞɢɸ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɢɰɵ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɪɨɫɩɢɫɹɯ ɤɨɝɭɪɺɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɨɛɧɢɰ

ɋɬɨɥɢɰɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɛɵɥ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɏɜɚɧɞɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɐɡɢɚɧɶ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ ɐɡɢ ɥɢɧɶ ɜ ɄɇɊ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ⱥɦɧɨɤɤɚɧ əɥɭɰɡɹɧ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ʉɭɧɧɟɫɨɧ ȼ ɝ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫ ɲɢɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɜɝɥɭɛɶ ɬɟɪ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɭ ɪɟɤɢ Ɍɷɞɨɧɝɚɧ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɛɵɜɲɟɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɑɨɫɨɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɯɟɧɶɹɧɚ

Ⱦɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɚɤ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ Ʉɭɧɧɟɫɨɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɨ ɝɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɢ ɭɜɟɧɱɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɛɨɣɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɛ ɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ

Ɋɚɫɰɜɟɬ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɜ IV-VI ɜɜ ɫɨɜɩɚɥ ɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶ

ɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɏɚɧɶ ɝ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞ ɧɟɦ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɷɩɨɯɚ Ɍɪɨɟɰɚɪɫɬɜɢɹ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɐɡɢɧɶ ɩɪɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɟ ɰɚɪɫɬɜ ɘɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ȼ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜ ɫɬɜɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ Ʉɨ ɝɭɪɺ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ

41

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɪɚɡɞɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɸɠɧɵɦ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɦ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɢ Ʉɚɹ

ɇɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɋɭɣ - ɝɝ ɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ Ɍɚɧ - ɝɝ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ

ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ȼ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɛɥɢɠɧɢɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɢɥɭ ɸɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɫɥɚ

ɛɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɥɨ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɫ ɞɢ ɧɚɫɬɢɟɣ Ɍɚɧ Ƚɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɧɰɟɜ ɬ ɤ ɧɚɯɨ ɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɬɵɥɭ ɭ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɢ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɗɬɨɬ ɫɨɸɡ ɩɪɟɞɪɟɲɢɥ ɢɫɯɨɞ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢ ɬɭɚɰɢɢ

ȼ ɝ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɥɨ ɫɨɤɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɨɣɫɤ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ Ɍɚɧ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɚ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɡɚ ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɥɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɉɷɤɱɟ ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɦɥɧ ɞɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɨ ɫɥɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɟɛɥɢɲɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɤɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɫɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ Ⱥɧɶɞɭɧɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɦɟɫɬɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ

Ɋɟɤɚ Ɍɷɞɨɧɝɚɧ ɞɨɥɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɦɟɫɬ ɢɫɬɨ ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɟɣɰɟɜ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʉɨɪɟɟɣ ɢ Ʉɢɬɚ ɟɦ Ɍɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɤ ɸɝɭ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɨɬɨɲɥɢ ɤ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɬɨɲɥɢ ɤ Ɍɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚ ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɝ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɨɪɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɤɨɝɭɪɺɫɰɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɦɚɥɶɝɚɥɶ ɦɨɯɷ ɫɨ ɡɞɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɬɭɧɝɭɫɨ-ɦɚɧɶɱɠɭɪɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭ

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɉɚɪɯɷ ɜ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Ȼɨɯɚɣ

ɇɚ ɸɝɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɉɥɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɸɡ Ɍɪɢ ɏɚɧ ɋɚɦɯɚɧ ɪɚɫɩɚɥɫɹ ɘɝɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ Ɇɚɯɚɧ ɜɨɲɟɥ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɨ

ɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɝ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɝ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ ɉɺɧɯɚɧ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ Ʉɚɹ 562 ɝɝ ɚ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɑɢɧɯɚɧ

ɜɥɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɋɚɪɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɝ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɝ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɋɚɦɯɚɧ.

ɉɷɤɱɟ ɝ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɝ ɋɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦ ɢɡ Ɍɪɟɯ ɏɚɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɸɡ Ɇɚɯɚɧ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɨɬ ɞɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ-ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɲɥɨ

42

ɩɥɟɦɹ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ Ɇɚ ɯɚɧ ɩɨɞ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɉɪɟɞɤɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɟɦ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɉɭɺ ɢ ɫɬɚɜɲɢɣ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢ ɤɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɜɚɧ ɘɪɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɉɭɺ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɉɢɪɸ ɗɬɚ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɟɦɶ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɣ

ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɝɚɦɢ ɇɚɧɧɚɧ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɢ Ɍɷɛɚɧ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɦɢɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɑɨɫɨɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɝ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɧɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɟ ɫ ɤɢɬɚɢ ɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɟɣ ɏɚɧɶ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɚɹ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɚɹ ɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɬ ɇɚɧɧɚɧ ɞɨ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ʉɚɹ Ɇɢɝɪɚɧɬɵ ɧɟɫɥɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɱɨɫɨɧɰɟɜ ɢ ɤɢ ɬɚɣɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɞɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɤɟ ɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɚɯ Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɫɩɥɟɥɢɫɶ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɸɠɧɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɧɨɫɵ ɫ ɞɨɦɢɧɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɹɧ

ɉɷɤɱɟ ɞɨ VII ɜɟɤɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨ ɫɢɥɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟ

ɪɭ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɥɨ ɫɜɨɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ IV ɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɞɚɱɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɚɧɨɜ Ʉɵɧɝɭ ɫɭ ɑɯɢɦɧɸ ɢ ɑɢɧɫɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ Ɍ ɫ .

ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɣ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ȼɢɪɟɫɨɧ ɤ ɸɝɭ ɨɬ ɪɟɤɢ ɏɚɧɶɹɧ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ ɟɟ ɩɟ ɪɟɧɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɋɨɛɢɫɨɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ȼ 475 ɝ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɝɨ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɍɧɱɠɢɧ

ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɣ Ʉɨɧɱɠɭ Ɉɩɚɫɚɹɫɶ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɥɨ ɫɨɸɡɵ ɫ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɰɚɪ

ɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɋɚɪɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɋ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɬ (433/434 554 ɝɝ ɨɧɢ ɜɟɥɢ ɫɨɸɡɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ

ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ Ʉɚɹ ɢ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟ ɝɨɫɹ ɭ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɥɭ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ȼ VII ɜ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ Ʉɢɬɚɹ

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɢɳɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ əɩɨɧɢɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɜ ɝ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɭ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɫɭɯɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɞ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɦɶ ɥɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɥ

43

ɥɚɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɣɫɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɝ ɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɨɜ ȼɵɫɲɚɹ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɤɨɪɧɵɯ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɜɟɡɟɧɚ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɹɬɢ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɭɠɟ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨ-

ɫɢɥɥɚɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɷɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɨɬɨɲɥɢ ɋɢɥɥɚ ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ

ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɬɵɫ ɞɜɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɣɧɚɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɭ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɥɢ Ʉɜɚɧɱɠɭ Ʉɨɧɞɠɭ ɉɭɟ Ƚɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɉɟɤɱɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɧɨ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɦ ɨɫɟɜɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɦ ɫɟɜɟɪ-ɸɝ ɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɨɛɲɢɪ

ɧɵɟ ɞɜɨɪɵ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ȼ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ȼ ɉɟɤɱɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɫɚ ɦɵɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɯɪɚɦ ɧɚ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɦ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɯɪɚɦ Ɇɢɪɵɤɫɚ.

ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɵ ɫɨɤɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɧɵɦ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɡɨɪɚɦɢ Ⱥ ɩɷɤɱɟɫɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫ ɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɬ ɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɚɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɥɟɝɤɭɸ ɫɛɨɪ ɤɭ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɜɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ Ʉɢɬɚɟ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɉɟɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɵ ɇɟɛɚ ɢ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɠɟɪɬ ɜɨɩɪɢɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɡɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɧɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɪɭ

ɝɢɯ ɸɠɧɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣ ɝ ȼ ɝ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟ ɋɨɛɢ ɉɭɺ ɛɵɥ ɨɬ ɤɪɵɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶ Ⱦɚɨɫɢɡɦ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɫɹ Ⱥ ɛɭɞɞɢɫɬɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɜɟɤɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɧɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɡɧɚ ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɵ

ȿɳɟ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɫ ȼɷ əɩɨɧɢɟɣ ɉɷɤ ɱɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥɨ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪ ɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɟ ɧɹɜ ɷɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ Ʉɚɹ

44

Ɍɷɫɚ ɢɦɟɜɲɢɯ ɢɯ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɦɹɬɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɋɨɫɟɞɧɟɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɩɨɤɨɪɢɜɲɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ʉɚɹ Ʉɵɦɝɜɚɧ Ʉɚɹ ɢ Ɍɷɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɛɟɝɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɛɟɪɟɝɚ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɢɪɚɬɨɜ ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɤɭɥɶ ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɸɡɚɦɢ

Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜɡɹɥɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɭɞɞɢɫɬɵ ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥɢ ɜ ȼɷ ɜ ɝ ɫ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɚɦɢ ɨɬ ɩɷɤɱɟɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɧɚ ɋɨɧɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɫɭɬɪɵ ɯɪɚɦɨɜɵɣ ɮɥɚɝ ɡɨɥɨɱɟɧɨɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɒɚɤɶɹɦɭɧɢ ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɭɹ Ɇɚɣɬɪɟɣɢ Ɉɧɢ ɠɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɯɪɚɦɨɜ ɜ ɇɚɪɚ ɢ ɞɪ ɝɨ ɪɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɢɡ 17 ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɚ ɋɺɬɨɤɭ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɩɷɤɱɟɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ Ⱥɞɠɜɚ

ɠɢɜɲɟɦ ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɫ ɝ ɢ ɬ ɞ Ⱦɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ

ɦɧɨɝɨɹɪɭɫɧɵɯ ɩɚɝɨɞ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɢ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɇɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɦɨ ɧɚɫɬɵɪɶ ɏɨɪɸɞɡɢ ɜ ɇɚɪɚ ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ Ʉɨɪɟɟ ɢ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɤɨɧɮɭɰɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɟɣ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɧɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨ ɜɚɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɹɬɢɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɟɳɟ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɜ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɜ VI ɜ ɚ ɜ VII-IX ɜɟɤɚɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ

ɉɚɪɯɷ Ȼɨɯɚɣ ɗɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɚɯ ɱɠɨɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɑɠɨɭɥɢ Ʉɚɨɝɭɧɰɡɵ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɚɧɬɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɧɨ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ Ʉ

45

ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɹɬɶ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪ ɧɨ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɞ ɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰ

ȼ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɜɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢ ɬɨɪɢɣ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɟɦɥɹ ɫ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹ ɩɚɧ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɭ ɩɚɧɫɨɧ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɏɜɚɧɫɚɧ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɍɧɱɠɢɧ ɧɚ ɫɟ ɜɟɪɟ ɑɭɪɸɫɨɧ ɏɚɧɫɚɧ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ ɢ Ɍɯɚɧɯɺɧ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɋɨɛɢɫɨɧ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɏɚɧɫɨɧ ɫ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɨɧ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ ɛɭ ɩɹɬɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɤɨ

ɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ ɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ

ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɥɢɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɪɪɢɝɚɰɢɢ ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ V ɜɟɤɚ Ʉɭɪɛɚɧɨɜ ɫ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɡɚɫɟɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɨ ɞɚɜɚɹ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɨɯɧɭɬɶ ȼ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɥɟɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɯɨ ɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɥɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɸɠɧɨ-ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɦ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ

ɋɢɥɥɚ ɝ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɝ ɋɪɟɞɢ Ɍɪɟɯ ɏɚɧ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɸɝɨ-

ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɛɵɥ ɑɢɧɯɚɧ ȼ ɧɟɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɜ Ɇɚɯɚɧɟ ɢ ɉɺɧɯɚɧɟ ɩɪɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɋɨɪɚɛɨɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɋɚɪɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ-

ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɑɢɧɯɚɧɚ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɋɚɪɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɧɚ ɚ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɨɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɳɢɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɱɨɫɨɧɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɲɥɵɟ ɢɡ ɑɨɫɨɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɨɪ ɢ ɭɳɟɥɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɶ Ɍɨɪɤɭɧɨɜ ɫ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɋɚɪɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ ɚ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɉɚɤ Ʉɢɦ ɋɨɤ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɷɩɨɯɢ Ɍɪɟɯ ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜ ɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɪɟɞɤɨɟ ɞɥɹ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɨɥɨɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ Ɍɨɤɦɚɧ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɟ ɢɦɹ ɋɨɧɞɨɤ -6 ɝɝ ɢ ɋɵɧɦɚɧ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɟ ɢɦɹ ɑɢɧɞɨɤ -654 ɝɝ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɚɪɟɚɥɨɦ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɋɚɪɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧ ɚ ɟɟ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɜɚ

46

ɧɢɟɦ ɋɚɪɨ ɋɨɪɚɛɨɥɶ ɜ Ʉɺɧɠɭɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɟ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɣ ɢɦɹ Ʉɵɦɫɚɧ ɚ ɟɳɟ ɩɨɡɠɟ Ʉɺɧɱɠɭ Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɯɪɟɛɬɚɦɢ ɋɚɪɨ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ

Ʉ V-VI ɜɜ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɪɟɩɥɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢ

ɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɇɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤ ɬɚɯ ɫ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦɢ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɢ Ʉɚɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɋɚɪɨ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɨɜ ȿɳɟ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɜ ɢ ɝɝ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ Ʉɨɝɭ ɪɺ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨɫɨɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɚ ɤɥɸɱɢɥɨ ɜɚɫɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɫ Ʉɢɬɚɟɦ ɫ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɹɦɢ ɐɡɢɧɶ ɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɚɹ ȼɷɣ ɚ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨ ɥɟɜɫɬɜ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɥɨ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɫ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɹɦɢ ɋɭɣ - ɝɝ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ Ɍɚɧ - ɝɝ Ⱦɥɹ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ

ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɥɨ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɦɭ ɫ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɹɦɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɥɨɯɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɚ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɹɦɢ ɋɚɪɨ

ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɯ ɋɬɪɟɦɹɫɶ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɢ

ɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɋɚɪɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɥɢ ɜɨɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɫ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɨɸɡ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ ɜ 433-434 ɝɝ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɯ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɛɟɞɨɣ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ

ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɸɡɚ Ʉɚɹ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɤɨ ɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɜɟɥɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɹɬɢ ɜɟɤɨɜ Ɂɚ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ Ɍɷɫɚ (513 ɝ ɚ ɡɚ ɋɚɪɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɵɦ-ɝɜɚɧ Ʉɚɹ ɝ ɢ Ɍɷɤɚɹ ɝ

Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ Ʉɚɹ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɭɤɪɟɩɢɥɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɤɨɜɨɞɟɰ -ɯ 60-ɯ ɥɟɬ VII ɜɟɤɚ

Ʉɢɦ ɘ ɋɢɧ ɛɵɥ ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɤɚɹɫ ɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɧɚ Ɇɭɪɺɤɚ ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɬ ɡɚɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ʉɚɹ ɤ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɋɨɸɡ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɋɢɥ ɥɚ ɢ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɩɪɨɞɥɢɥɫɹ ɥɟɬ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ ɨɛɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɜ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɡɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨ ɛɨɣ Ⱥ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɟɬ ɋɚɪɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨ ɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɚ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɹ Ɍɚɧ ɫɦɨɝɥɚ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɝ ɢ

47

ɟɳɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɟɬ ɜ ɝ ɩɨɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɛɵɜɲɟɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ȼ VI ɜɟɤɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ

ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɟɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɬ ɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɢ Ʉɨɝɭ ɪɺ ɜ ɋɚɪɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-

ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɫ ɝ ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɹɞ ɪɟɮɨɪɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɦɨɥɨ ɞɵɯ ɜɨɢɧɨɜ ɢɡ ɜɵɫɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɯɜɚɪɚɧ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɢ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɧɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɯ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɜɹɡɹɦ ɫ ɤɢ ɬɚɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɯ ɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɚ Ʉɵɦɫɨɧ Ʉɺɧɱɠɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɫɬɨ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɧɞɨɥɶ

Ȼɭɞɞɢɡɦ ɜ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɥɫɹ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ VI ɜɟɤɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ Ʉɵɦɝɚɧɫɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ ɥɢ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ VI ɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ VII ɜ ɛɭɞɞɢɡɦ

ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɭɞɞɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢ ɬɢɟ ȼ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɶ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɚɫɬɪɨ ɧɨɦɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ ȼ ɫɬɨɥɢɱɧɨɦ Ʉɵɦɫɨɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɟɣɲɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɝ ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɭɠɟ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ VI ɜɟɤɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɜɫɬɚɥɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɨ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɚ ɤɨɧɰɭ VII ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɟɞɢɧ

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ Ʉɚɹ (42 ɝɝ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɢɡ ɸɠɧɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ ɉɺɧɯɚɧ

ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥ ɢɡ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɒɟɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɤ ɝ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ Ʉɵɦɝɜɚɧ ɢɥɢ Ʉɢɦɯɷ Ʉɚɹ ɋɬɪɚɧɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ Ʉɚɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɞɨ IV-VI ɜɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹ ɩɨɞ

ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɋɚɪɨ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɬɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɥɨ ɬɨ ɫɠɢɦɚɥɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɧɨɫɢɥɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɵɦɝɜɚɧ Ʉɚɹ ɉɚɧ ɩɯɚɝɭɤ ɚ ɫ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ V ɜ ɢ ɞɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ Ɍɷɤɚɹ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ Ʉɚɹ

48

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ Ʉɚɹ ɛɵɥ ɪɨɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɢɡ ɹɣɰɚ ɋɭɪɨ ɫɵɧ ɇɟɛɚ ɢ ɝɨɪɵ-ɑɟɪɟɩɚɯɢ ȿɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɣ ɫɩɭ

ɫɬɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɛɟɫ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɭ Ʉɭɱɠɢɛɨɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɞɨɥɶɦɟɧɨɜ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɉɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɟ ɞɟɜɹɬɶ ɜɨɠɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɟ Ʉɭɱɠɢɛɨɧ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɹɢɰ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɋɭɪɨ ɢ ɩɹɬɶ ɝɥɚɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɸɡɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɨ ɤɪɭɝ ɋɭɪɨ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ Ʉɵɦɝɜɚɧ Ʉɚɹ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɚɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜ ȼ ɧɟɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɟɞ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɦ ɏɨ ɏɜɚɧɴɨɤ ɠɟɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɋɭɪɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɟɫɫɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɸɬɯɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɩɥɵɥɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɫɬɭɩɭ ɗɬɚ ɥɟɝɟɧ ɞɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɭɩɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨ-

ɥɚɦɚɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫ ɹɪɭɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɨɜ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɟɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɭ ɝɪɨɛɧɢɰɵ ɋɭɪɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɧɵ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɨɫɩɢɫɶɸ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɵɛɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɪɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɹ

ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɹɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɥɢ ɜ I ɜ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɩɪɢɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɱɨɫɨɧɰɵ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɛ

ɳɢɧɵ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ Ʉɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɨɪɭɞɢɣ

Ȼɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɭɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ Ʉɚɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɨɞɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɝɨɪɢɫɬɭɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɨɪɸ ɝɞɟ ɜɨ II III

ɜɟɤɚɯ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʉɚɹ ɢ ɇɚɧɧɚɧ Ʉɨɝɭ ɪɺ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɍɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɨ ɫɦɨɝɥɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɨɦ

Ʉɢɬɚɹ Ʉɨɪɟɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɤɫ ɩɨɪɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ

ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɨɤɪɭɝ ɇɚɧɧɚɧ Ʌɨɥɚɧ ɩɨɡɠɟ Ʉɨɝɭɪɺ Ɇɚɯɚɧ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɢ ȼɷ ɩɪɨɬɨɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ

49

Ɋɢɫ ȼɢɞ ɢɡ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɜɨɪɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɨɝɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɝɚɧ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɋɭɪɨ

ȼ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ȼɷ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɹɩɨɧ ɫɤɢɯ ɩɥɟɦɟɧ ɪɨɥɶ Ʉɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ Ⱦɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ V ɜɟɤɚ

ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɢ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɠɢɝ ɤɟɪɚ ɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɜɵɲɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ȼɷ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɚ əɩɨɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɧɨ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɡɭɪɶɸ ɝɥɢɧɹɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɋɭɷɤɢ ɤɚɹɫɰɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɥɢ ɹɩɨɧɰɚɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɡ ɡɨɥɨɬɚ ɤɨɧ ɫɤɢɟ ɫɛɪɭɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɶɱɭɝɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɫ ɩɨ ɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ Ʉɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɚ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɹɩɨɧ ɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ

Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɨɛɧɢɰɵ Ʉɚɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ ɝɪɨɛɧɢɰ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɪɨ ɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɇɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ʉɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɥɟɬɨɩɢɫɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱ ɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɚɪɬ ɢɥɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ

50