Evolyutsia_koreyskogo_goroda_Formirovanie_gorodskogo_prostranstva_i_transformatsia_arkhitekturnoy_formy
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Ⱦɜɨɪɰɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɯɪɚɦɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɯɭɧɫɭ ɮɷɧɲɭɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɫɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɬɹ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ
ɫɚɦɨɣ ɪɚɧɧɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɫɜɨɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ ɤɚ Ⱦɜɨɪɰɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɭ ɩɨɞɧɨɠɢɹ ɝɨɪ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɚ ɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɹɝɨɬɟɥɢ ɤ ɸɠɧɵɦ ɫɬɨ ɪɨɧɚɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɩɯɭɧɫɭ ɮɷɧɲɭɣ
Ɋɢɫ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɋɟɭɥɚ
Ƚɨɪɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɨɜɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɨɧ ɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɜɴɟɡɞɵ ɫ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɚ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤ ɝ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɦɨɧɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞ ɧɵɯ ɜɴɟɡɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɪɨɬ Ɍɨɧɞɷɦɭɧ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɫɱɢɬɚ ɥɢɫɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɇɚɦɞɷɦɭɧ Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ Ɂɚ ɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɚ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɢ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɢ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢ ɨɞɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɨ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɴɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɸɠ ɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ
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Ɋɢɫ ɉɚɝɨɞɚ Ʉɶɟɧɱɨɧɫɚ ɭ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɰɚ Ʉɶɟɧɛɨɤ
Ɋɢɫ ɉɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɑɨɫɨɧ ɜ ɋɟɭɥɟ
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɦɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɜ XV XVI ɜɟɤɚɯ ɩɹɬɶ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɢɯ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɋɟɭɥɚ: Ʉɶɟɧɛɨɤɤɭɧ
ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɑɨɫɨɧ ɑɚɧɞɨɤɤɭɧ Ɍɨɤ ɫɭɝɭɧ Ʉɺɧɯɢɝɭɧ ɢ ɑɚɧɝɺɧɝɭɧ ȼ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
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ɬɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɦ Ʉɶɟɧɛɨɤ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɹɹ ɩɚɝɨɞɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɫ ɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɪɨɧɢɤɚɦ, ɩɚɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɚɦɟ Ʉɶɟɧ
ɱɨɧɫɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɟɭɥɚ Ɇɪɚɦɨɪɧɭɸ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɹɪɭɫ ɧɭɸ ɛɚɲɧɸ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɬɨɧɤɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɚ ȼɫɤɨɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ Ʉɶɟɧɛɨɤ ɩɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜɨ ɞɜɨɪɟɰ
Ɋɢɫ ɋɟɭɥ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɬɫɵɥɚɸɳɚɹ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɭ ɞɜɨɪɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɢ ɳɚ ɯɚɧɨɤ ɫ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɲɤɨɜ
Ⱦɜɨɪɰɨɜɚɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɝɨ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɢ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɉɟɣɡɚɠɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɟɜɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɚɜɢɥɶɨ ɧɵ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɤɨɥɨɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬ ɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɜɨɜ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɑɨɫɨɧ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɵɦ
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɱɠɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ - 1598 ɝɝ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɷɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɧɟɨɞɧɨ
ɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ ɧɨ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɂɯ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɚɞɢ ɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɟɱɧɨ-ɛɚɥɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ
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ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɤɪɵɲ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɝɥɚɡɭɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɩɢɰɟɣ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ ɬɵɦ ɞɟɤɨɪɨɦ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɜɨɪɰɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ ɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɹɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɤɪɨɩɨɥɟɣ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɚɪɯɚɢɱ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɢɚɥ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢ ɨɞ ɑɨɫɨɧ ɜ ɋɟɭɥɟ ɫɜɨɟ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ȿɳɟ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɤɭɪɝɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɵɩɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɧɟɤɪɨɩɨɥɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɝɨɪ ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɦɟɦɨɪɢɚɥɚ ȼ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɟɧɵ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɑɨɫɨɧ ɢ ɢɯ ɠɟɧɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟ ɤɨɦɭ ɬɢɬɭɥ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɵ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧ ɩɨɫɦɟɪɬɧɨ ȼ ɨɫɬɚɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɧɟɤɪɨɩɨɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɨɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɠɟɧɵ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɫɦ ɝɥɚɜɭ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɧɟɤɪɨɩɨɥɟɣ
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɯɭɧɫɭ ɮɷɧɲɭɣ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨ ɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɋɟɭɥɚ Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɟ ɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɋɟɬɶ ɭɥɢɰ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɢ ɪɭɱɶɟɜ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɞɨɥɢɧɟ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɜ ɲɚɹɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɜɩɢɫɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ XIX ɜɟɤɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɋɟɭɥ ɛɵɥ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɬɟɥɟɝɪɚɮ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɣ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɋɟɭɥ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɚɝɥɨ ɦɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɚ ɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɨ ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶ ɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɘɠɧɚɹ Ʉɨɪɟɹ .
ɋɭɜɨɧ Ɇɨɫɭ Ɇɷɯɨɥɶ ɋɭɫɨɧ ɋɭɞɠɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɦ ɸɠɧɟɟ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɨɧ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ Ɍɪɟɯ ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜ I ɜ ɞɨ Ɋɏ 668 ɝ
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Ɋɢɫ 62. ɋɭɜɨɧ Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɝ
Ƚɨɪɨɞ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɋɟɭɥ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɦ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɨɪɟɣ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɚɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɋɭɜɨɧɚ
ȼ ɝ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɑɨɧɱɠɨ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɭ ɢɡ ɏɚɧɶɹɧɚ ɜ ɋɭɜɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɋɭɜɨɧɨɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɨɞ-
ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹ ɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɥɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɝɨɪɨɞɭ
Ʉɚɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫ ɛɚɲɧɹɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟ ɝɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɭɥɢɰ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫ ɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ Ƚɨɪɨɞ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɥɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɨɞɵ ɋɭɜɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɋɭɜɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ Ʉɺɧɝɢɞɨ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢ ɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɷɬɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɥɧ ɱɟɥ
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Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ-ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɟɣ
Ɉɛɨɪɨɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɫɟɥɟ ɧɢɹɦ ɫ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɦɚ ɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɧɵ ɜɵɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɜɲɢɟ ɢɯ ɨɬ ɡɜɟ ɪɟɣ ɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɤɭɲɟɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɪɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɱɚɦɢ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɦ
Ɋɢɫ Ɉɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɩɢ ɫɬɨɹɧɨɤ ɫ ɪɚɤɨɜɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɱɚɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɉɭɫɚɧɨɦ
Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɪɨ ɞɚ-ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɚ ɉɷɤɱɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ Ɍɪɟɯ ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜ ɧɚɡɵ ɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɋɨɛɢɫɨɧ ɫɨɧ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɏɚɧɫɨɧ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɛɨ ɪɨɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧ ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɟɥɢ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɭ ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɭɛɱɚɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ ɛɨɣɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɢɡ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɜɟɪɯ. ɇɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧ ɫ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɦɢ ɢɡ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɪɤɚɫɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɸɠɧɨ-ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤ ɬɭɪɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɤɚɩɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɭ-ɝɭɧ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɩɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɤɪɵɲ
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Ɋɢɫ Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɜɚ Ɋɚɡɪɟɡ ɩɨ ɩɚɜɢɥɶɨɧɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ
ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ
Ɋɢɫ Ɉɛɨɪɨɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ
ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɷɩɨɯɢ Ʉɨɪɺ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱ
ɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ Ⱦɥɹ ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɢɬɚɣɰɟɜ ɱɠɭɪɱɠɟɧɟɣ ɦɨɧɝɨɥɨɜ ɤɢɞɚɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɤɢ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢ ɡɟɦɥɹ ɧɵɟ ɜɚɥɵ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ
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Ɋɢɫ Ɉɛɨɪɨɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɺɧɱɠɭ
ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɞɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɞɨɥɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɢ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɸ ɑɨɫɨɧ Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɹɪɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɚ XVIII ɜɟɤɚ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ
ɏɜɚɫɨɧ Ƚɨɪɨɞ-ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɐɜɟɬɭɳɚɹ ɤɪɟ ɩɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɡɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ 94 ɝɝ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɑɨɧ əɤ Ȭɧ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɧɢɦ Ⱦɚɫɚɧ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ -ɝɨ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɑɨ
ɫɨɧ ɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɋɭɜɨɧ ɜ ɤɦ ɸɠɧɟɟ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪ ɫɢɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɑɨɧɱɠɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɫɬɢɨɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟ ɧɨɫɚ ɬɭɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɤɨɜ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɰɚ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɚ ɡɚɦɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨ ɥɨɞɨɦ ɞɟɞɨɦ ɑɨɧɠɨ ɉɨ ɧɟɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɶ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɩɟɪɟɧɟ ɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɭ ɢɡ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɜ ɋɭɜɨɧ
ȼ ɝ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɞɚɧ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬ ɜ -ɬɢ ɬɨɦɚɯ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɫɨɧɴɺɤ ɵɣɝ
ɜɟ Ɂɚɩɢɫɢ ɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɚɧɵ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ -ɣ ɬɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜ
ɫɤɢɯ ɭɤɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ (2-ɣ 7-ɣ ɬɨɦɚ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɦɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ȼ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɏɜɚɫɨɧɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬ
ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. ɑɟ
ɬɵɪɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɤɜɚɪ ɬɚɥɵ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ ɢ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɞɜɢɧɭɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ. ɂɡ ɱɟɬɵ
ɪɟɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɸɠɧɵɣ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɦɢ ɘɠɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɜɨɪɨɬ ɇɚɦɞɷɦɭɧ
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Ɋɢɫ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɋɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɫɨɧɨ ɦɟɬɪɢɹ ɏɜɚɫɨɧɚ -ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɵ -ɝɨɫɬɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥ -ɜɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɭɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɦɟɫɹɰɚ -ɤɚɡɟɦɚɬɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɟ -ɜɵɯɨɞ ɪɭɱɶɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɭɞɨɦ -ɛɚɲɧɹ-ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɹ -ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɭɞ 8-ɛɚɲɧɹ ɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɡɨɧɨɦ -ɪɹɞɨɜɚɹ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ -ɚɪɨɱɧɵɣ
ɤɚɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ -ɫɬɟɧɚ ɢɞɭɳɚɹ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɭɟɡɞɚ
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɥɢɡɤɭɸ ɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɨɤɪɭɝ ɥɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɟɧ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɬɪɨɣ ɤɭ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɞɚ ɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɭɞ.
Ɋɢɫ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɍɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ-ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɹ
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Ɉɛɨɪɨɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɏɜɚɫɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɧɭ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɵɦ ɭɝɥɚɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɚɲɟɧ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ-ɨɛɫɟɪɜɚɬɨɪɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɦ ɩɟɪ
ɜɵɣ ɧɟɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɷɬɚɠ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ ɢ ɩɪ.) ɛɚɲɧɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɚ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɧɢɡɨɧɚ ɛɚɲɧɢ-ɤɚɡɟɦɚɬɵ ɢ ɫɢɝ ɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɲɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɶ ɛɚɲɟɧ-ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ Ɂɚɠɠɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɟɥɚ ɧɚ -ɣ ɛɚɲɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɭɟɡɞɚ ɧɚ -ɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ -ɣ ɭ ɜɨɪɨɬ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ -ɣ ɜɡɹɬɢɟ ɜɨɪɨɬ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɡɚ
ɠɢɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɨɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬ ɤ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɢ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɟɥ Ⱦɧɟɦ ɛɵɥ ɜɢɞɟɧ ɞɵɦ ɚ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɨɝɨɧɶ ɢɡ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɜ
ȼɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɜɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚ ɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɥɭɦɟɫɹɰ ɗɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧ ɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢ ɧɨ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ
Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɟɣ ɟɳɟ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɲɥɢ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɨɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ Ɉɬ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɢ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɫ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɛɵ ɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɲɥɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɞɨɥɢɧɚɦ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɚ ɫ ɫɟ ɜɟɪɨ-ɡɚɩɚɞɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɭɟɡɞɚ
ȼ ɝ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɥ ɨɬ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɛɨɦɛɚɪɞɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɧɨ ɜ -ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɏɏ ɜ ɛɵɥ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ ɏɜɚɫɨɧ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɋɭɜɨɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ Ʉɺɧɝɢ ɞɨ Ɉɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ʋ5 ɜ Ʉɨɪɟɟ ɢ
ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɘɇȿɋɄɈ
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