Evolyutsia_koreyskogo_goroda_Formirovanie_gorodskogo_prostranstva_i_transformatsia_arkhitekturnoy_formy

Ɋɢɫ 2 Ƚɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ

I ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɏɚɦɝɺɧɫɚɧɦɷɤ

ɪɚɣɨɧ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɵɫɨɬɧɵɯ Ɍɭɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪ ɩɪɢɛɪɟɠɧɵɣ ɯɨɥɦɢɫɬɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ

II ɋɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨɪɶɟ Ʉɹɦɚ Ⱥɦɧɨɤɤɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɝɨɪɶɟ 3 Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɪɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɶɹ ɢ ɨɬɪɨɝɢ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪ

III ɇɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɶɹ ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɢɣ ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɬ

ɥɨɜɢɧɚ ɸɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ

21

ɐɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚ ɩɨɬɭɯɲɟɝɨ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɚ ɏɚɧɧɺɫɚɧɏɚɥɥɚɫɚɧ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɦ ɜ ɤɪɚɬɟɪɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢ ɥɨɫɶ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨɟ ɨɡɟɪɨ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧ ɢɡɞɚɜɧɚ ɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ-

ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɥɟɩɬɭ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɱɟɞɠɭɬɫɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɬɚɥ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢ ɞɨɦɚ ɜɨɡɜɨ ɞɢɥɢ ɨɝɪɚɞɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɛɭɧɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɝɨɞɢɣ

Ɋɢɫ Ƚɨɪɧɵɣ ɯɪɟɛɟɬ ɋɺɪɚɤɫɚɧ

Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɚ ɝɨɪɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɜɵɲɟɜɵɲɟ ɦ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɦ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɢɤɬɭɸɬ ɧɟ

ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɬɢɩɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ

Ƚɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɨɛɥɚ ɫɬɢ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɋɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢ ɇɢɡɤɨɝɨɪɶɹ ɘɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɘɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɢɣ ɋɚɦɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚ Ɇɚɧɶɱɠɭɪɨ-Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪ ɢ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ

22

ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɝɨɪɚ ɉɷɤɬɭɫɚɧ ɜɭɥɤɚɧ Ȼɚɣɬɨɭɲɚɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɟɬ ɦ Ɉɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɏɚɦɝɺɧɫɚɧɦɷɤ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɷɤɬɭɫɚɧ ɷɬɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɜɭɥɤɚɧ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɄɇȾɊ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹ əɧɝɚɧɞɨ ɢ Ʉɢɬɚɹɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɹ ɐɡɢɥɢɧɶ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɥɨɝɨɥɨɜɚɹ ɝɨɪɚ ɇɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɝɨɪɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɑɚɧɛɚɣɲɚɧɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɱɧɨ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɝɨɪɚ

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ Ʉɨ ɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ʉɵɦɝɚɧɫɚɧ Ⱥɥɦɚɡɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨ-ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞ ɝɨɪɢɣ ɜ ɋɪɟɞɧɟ-ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɝɨɪɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ

ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɢɞɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɞɟɥɢɬ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɣ ȼɧɭɬ ɪɟɧɧɢɣ Ʉɵɦɝɚɧɫɚɧ ɢ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ Ʉɵɦɝɚɧɫɚɧ ɋɚɦɵɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ Ⱥɥɦɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɨɪ ɩɢɤ ɉɢɪɭɧɛɨɧ Ȼɢɪɨɛɺɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɦ ɝɨɪɚ ɋɚɪɚɤɫɚɧ 1780 ɦ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɝɨɪ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɦ

ɬ ɟ ɨɧɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɏɚɦɝɺɧɫɚɧɦɷɤ ɇɨ ɜɵɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɟɧɭ ɞɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɥɢɜɧɹɦ ɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ ɧɟɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɚ ɋɜɨɞɱɚɬɵɟ ɫɤɚɥɢɫɬɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɨ ɧɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɛɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɬɚ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɨɧɚɯ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɥɤɨɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɦ ɝɪɚɧɢɬɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɛɱɚɬɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ Ȼɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɨɡɪɢɦɵɦ ɥɚɛɢɪɢɧɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɡɭɛɰɨɜ ɩɢɤɨɜ ɢɝɥ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɢ ɛɚɲɟɧ ɭɜɟɧɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɶ ȼɨɬ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɚɜɢɜ ɤɪɵɥɶɹ ɝɪɚɰɢɨɡɧɨ ɬɚɧɰɭɟɬ ɨɪɟɥ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɤɚɥɵ ɉɭɛɨɧɝɚɦ ɋɤɚɥɚ ɬɚɧɰɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɬɢɰɵ Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɟ ɬɨɧɤɨɟ ɢɡɜɚɹɧɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ Ɉɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚ ɪɭɤɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɤɭɞɚ-ɬɨ ɜɞɚɥɶ« Ɂ ɫ -399). Ȼɪɭɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɫɬɵ

ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ⱥɥɦɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɨɪ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɹɝɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɯɨɥɦɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɝɨɪɶɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɬɪɨɝɚɦɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɦ Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ȼɧɭɬ ɪɟɧɧɢɣ Ʉɵɦɝɚɧɫɚɧ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɠɟɧɫɤɭɸ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɭ ɚ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ Ʉɵɦ ɝɚɧɫɚɧ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɦɭɠɫɤɭɸ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɭ.

ɂɡɞɚɜɧɚ Ⱥɥɦɚɡɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɵ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ ɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɟɣɰɟɜ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɚ

23

ɦɵɟ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɢ ɢ ɤɭɦɢɪɧɢ1 ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɫɸɞɚ

ɫɬɟɤɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɩɚɥɨɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɣ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɡ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɜ ɛɨ ɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨ ɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɩɚɞɨɜ ɋɚɦɵɦ ɢɡ ɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɜɨɞɨɩɚɞɨɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɚɞ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɶɹɯ ɪɟɤɢ Ʉɭɪɺɧɱɯɨɧɪɟɤɚ Ⱦɟɜɹɬɢ ɞɪɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɦɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɭɩɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɬɧɨɦ ɭɳɟɥɶɟ

ȼ Ʉɨɪɟɟ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɟɺ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɤ ɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɟɤ ɫɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ. ɋɚɦɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤ, ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸ

ɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɄɇɊ ɪɟɤɚ Ⱥɦɧɨɤɤɚɧ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɤɦ ɇɚ ɸɝɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧ ɤɦ ȼ ɡɚɫɭɲɥɢɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨ ɨɛɦɟɥɟɬɶ, ɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɭɫɫɨɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɠɞɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɹɧɢɹ ɜ

ɝɨɪɚɯ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɣ Ɋɚɜɧɢɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɣ

ɜ Ʉɨɪɟɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ Ɋɚɜɧɢɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɮɢɡɢ ɤɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɜ ɪɚɧ

ɧɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɡɟɦ ɥɟɞɟɥɢɹ ɫɤɥɨɧɵ ɝɨɪ ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚɦ Ʉ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɫɟɜɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ ɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɪɢɫɨɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɦ ɚ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɚ ɦ ɧɚɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɪɹ

Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɚɜɧɢɧ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɉɯɟɧɶɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɏɚɧɝɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɢɧɟ ȼ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɟɣɰɟɜ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɣ ɩɹɬɢ ɪɟɤ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ Ɍɭɦɚɧɝɚɧ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɦ

1 ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɜɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɨɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ

ɦɚɥɨ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧ ɜ Ⱥɥɦɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɚɯ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɠɟɧɶɲɟɧɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɫɟɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢɫ ɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɠɟɧɶɲɟɧɹ ɀɟɧɶɲɟɧɶ panax ginseng ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɟ

ɫɚɦ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ

24

ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɦ ɸɝɟ-ɸɝɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ ɢ ɬɪɢ

ɞɨɥɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɧɢɡɨɜɶɹ Ɍɷɞɨɧɝɚɧ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɩɨ ɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɏɜɚɧɯɷ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɏɚɧɝɚɧ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɡɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɪɟɣɰɟɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɬɪɢ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɹɬɢ ɡɨɧ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɥɢɰ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɗɬɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɄɇȾɊ ɝ ɉɯɟɧɶɹɧɚ Ɍɷɞɨɧɝɚɧ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɝ ɋɟɭɥɚ ɏɚɧɝɚɧ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɘɠɧɨɣ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɉɭɫɚɧɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸ ɳɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ-ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ Ʉɺɧɱɠɭ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ

ɇɚɤɬɨɧɝɚɧ Ʉɥɢɦɚɬ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟ

ɫɤɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɟ Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ Ɍɢɯɨɝɨ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ Ʉɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ ɪɢɹ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɧɚɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɵ ɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɟɧɶɸ ɢ ɬɚɣɮɭɧɚɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɥɟɬɚ Ɍɚɣɮɭɧɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɜɧɢ ɢ ɧɚɝɨɧɹɹ ɭɪɚɝɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɬɪɨɦ ɦɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɬ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɨɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɚɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɫɧɨɫɹ ɦɚɥɵɟ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɨ-ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧ

ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨɪɶɹ ɢ ɩɪ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɢɤɬɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ ɪɢɢ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɉɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɸɠɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢ ɹɦɢ ɜ ɹɧɜɚɪɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɞɟɚɥɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 35 ɤɦ ɯɨɬɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ

ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɢɪɨɬɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɝɨɪɚɯ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɝɨɪɵ ɬɟɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

ɑɢɫɥɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɦ ɢ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɏɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢ ɨɞ ɫ ɥɟɞɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɦ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɝɨɪɧɨɦ ɑɭɧɤɚɧɱɠɢɧɟ 219 ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɜ - ɋ ɜ ɉɯɟɧɶɹɧɟ 178 ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɋɟɭɥɟ 162 ɞɧɹ ɜ Ɍɷɝɭ 153 ɞɧɹ ɇɚ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɑɟɱɠɭ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭ

ɝɢɯ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯ ɦɨɪɨɡɨɜ ɧɟ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ

25

ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɧɟɝ ɜɵɩɚɜ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɬɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɜɭɥɤɚɧɚ ɏɚɧɧɺɫɚɧ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ

Ɋɢɫ 4 Ʉɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ

Ɋɚɡɪɵɜ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɟɡɨɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɸɥɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɜ ɋɚɦɫɭ ɋ ɞɨ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɜ Ʉɺɧɱɠɭ ɋ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ

26

ɇɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɩɪɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɋ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɢ ɸɝɟ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɚ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɢɸɥɶ-ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɞɨ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜɦɚɣ-ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ ɧɚ ɸɝɟ

ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ ɜɵɪɚ ɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɢɫ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚ ɩɪɨɫɹɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɨɛɨɜɵɟ ɤɭɥɶ ɬɭɪɵ2 ɝɚɨɥɹɧ3 ɢ ɬ ɞ ȼ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɢɦɚɬɶ

ɞɜɚ ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɬɪɢ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ Ʉ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ

ɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ Ɂ ɫ ɬ ɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɠɚɹ ɜ ɝɨɞ

Ƚɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɯɨ ɞɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦ Ⱦɨ XV ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɟ

ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ Ʉɨɪɟɣ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ Ɇɚɧɶɱɠɭɪɢɢ

ɋ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɭɸɄɇȾɊ ɢ ɘɠɧɭɸ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ Ʉɨɪɟɸ Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɯɨ ɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ

ɇɚ ɫɟɜɟɪɟ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɄɇȾɊ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɯɨɩɭɬɧɭɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɫ ɄɇɊ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɥɭ Ⱥɦɧɨɤɤɚɧ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ əɥɭɰɡɹɧ ɢ ɱɚ ɫɬɢɱɧɨ Ɍɭɦɚɧɝɚɧ Ɍɭɦɵɧɰɡɹɧ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ Ɍɭɦɚɧ ɝɚɧ Ʉ ɜɨɫɬɨɤɭ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɢ ɤ ɸɝɭ ɨɬ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ʉɨɪɟɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ əɩɨɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ.

2ɋɪɟɞɢ ɛɨɛɨɜɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɟɜɵɟ ɛɨɛɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɟɜɨɟ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɜ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɞɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ

3Ƚɚɨɥɹɧ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɧɶɱɠɭɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɪɝɨ ɪɨɞ ɡɥɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɇ ɂ ȼɚɜɢɥɨɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɟ ɢ ɐɟɧ ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɮɪɢɤɟ ȼ Ʉɨɪɟɸ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɢɡ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɢɬ ɤɨɜ ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɢɡɝɨɪɨɞɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ ɢ ɩɪ ɜ ɸɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥ ɛɚɦɛɭɤ .

27

ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɨɪɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɢɫ ɋɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɧɢɦɨɤ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɟɭɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ

29

1.2.Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɨɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ʉɨɪɟɢ

Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ʉɨɪɟɢ ɨɛɴ ɟɞɢɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɢɣ ɦɢɪ ɞɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ Ɋɚɧɧɟɟ ɋɪɟɞ ɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɶɟ Ɍɪɢ ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɋɢɥɥɚ ɢ ɉɚɪɯɷ Ʉɨɪɺ ɢ ɑɨɫɨɧ

1 ɗɩɨɯɚ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ (500000 I ɜ ɞɨ Ɋɏ

ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɝɨɦɢɧɢɞɵ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ 500 ɬɵɫɹɱ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɵɫɹɱ ɥɟɬ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɢ ɠɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɟ

ɳɟɪɚɯ ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɚ ɥɟɨɥɢɬɟ ɢ ɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ - ɬɵɫɹɱ ɥɟɬ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ

ɛɥɢɡ ɉɯɟɧɶɹɧɚ ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ ɲɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɢ ɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɤɚɦɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨ ɪɟɣɰɟɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɜ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɟ ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ ɢɡ

ɋɢɛɢɪɢ ɬ ɤ ɢɯ ɹɡɵɤ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤ ɚɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɤɚɦ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɬɭɧɝɭɫɨɜ ɢ ɸɠ

ɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɧɟɡɢɣɰɟɜ ȼ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɧɟɨɥɢɬɟ ɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ Ɉɧɢ ɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɳɟɪɚɯ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɛɟɪɟɠɶɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɹɯ ɪɟɤ ɜɵɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɨɬɯɨ ɞɨɜ ɦɨɪɟɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚ ɡɚɝɪɚɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɜɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɭɱɢ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɤɨ ɜɢɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɱɚɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɯɨɥɦɨɜ ɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɦɚɯ ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɥɟɦɟɧɚ ɨɫɜɨɢɥɢ ɡɟɦɥɟɞɟ ɥɢɟ ɚ ɜ VIII-VII ɜɜ ɞɨ Ɋɏ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ

ɩɨɡɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɭɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɟɥɤɨɩɪɹɞɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɲɟɥɤɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɚɫɵ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɩɚɫɚɹ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚ ɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɨɜ

ɂɡ ɩɟɳɟɪ ɥɸɞɢ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɡɟɦɥɹɧɤɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɞɨ ɫɦ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɸ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɞɨ 5 ɦ ȼ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɥɢɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɨɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɱɚɠ

30