из электронной библиотеки / 835905019426719.pdf

a)to go out

b)to go ahead

c)to go on

d)to go away

6.Навещать.

a)to call on

b)to draw in

c)to drive at

d)to find out

7.Оказаться.

a)to let in

b)to point out

c)to object to

d)to turn out

Репродуктивный уровень.

1.Разрешите представиться.

а) I am from…

b) I’d like to meet you

c) Let me introduce myself d) Glad to meet you.

2.Давайте перейдем к делу.

a)Excuse me…

b)By the way…

c)That’s why…

d)Let’s get down to business

3.У меня назначена деловая встреча.

a)I have claims

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b)I beg for consideration

c)I have an appointment

d)I apply for job

4.Заполнить анкету

a)to fill out application form

b)to give reference

c)to prolong an interview

d)to hedge in answering questions

5.Прилагать резюме.

a)to describe educational background

b)to enclose resume

c)to identify professional experience

d)to apply for position

6.С нетерпением жду ответа.

a)Sincerely yours

b)Thank you for offering

c)Could you give me an answer soon?

d)I am looking forward to hear from you soon

7.Благодарю вас за предложение.

a)I have a pleasure in accepting…

b)Thank you for offering

c)I appreciate the opportunity

d)I regret to inform

Творческий уровень.

1.Сопроводительное письмо.

a)I regret to inform…..

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b)I appreciate the opportunity…

c)I’ve enclosed a copy of my resume

d)Thank you for your time

2.Письмо – запрос

a)We read your advertisement in…

b)We accept your offer…

c)We confirm the delivery

d)We are attaching some information about…

3.Письмо-подтверждение заказа.

a)Our proposal is valid till….

b)I especially call your attention to

c)We confirm the delivery will be made….

d)We are sorry to let you know…

4.Письмопредложение.

a)Thank you for your letter

b)We enclose our order for…

c)In reply to your letter…

d)We were pleased to learn your interest in…

5.Рекламное письмо.

a)We accept your offer

b)We are enclosing our price list

c)Please confirm our supply

d)As to your enquiry…

6.Письмо-жалоба.

a)We take pleasure in sending…

b)We regret to let you know…

c)We are disappointed to find that…

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d)We appreciate your cooperation

7.Благодарственное письмо.

a)Thank you for your time

b)I recently heard from…

c)With the reference to your advertisement…

d)We would like to remind you…

Курс устной речи: 1) Великобритания

GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Nothern Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244000 square kilometers, the population is over 56 million people. The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain which is called the downlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not very long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. British people say, "other countries have a climate, in England we have weather". The weather in Britain changes very often. .One day may be cold and the next day may be warm. People talk about the weather more in Britain than in most parts of the world. When two Englishmen meet, and they don't know how to start the conversation or they can't think of anything to talk about, they talk about the weather. Every daily paper publishes weather forecast. Both the radio and television give the weather forecast several times each day, warning drivers if it is foggy and warning people to take their umbrellas if it is going to rain. In general climate of Great Britain is mild and changeable.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and

Nottingham, Leeds. Oxford and Cambridge are the two Great Universities known

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The architecture of the town is unique. The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy. The official head of the state is the king or the queen. But the power of the monarch is limited by Parliament which is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Members of the House of Lords are appointed, and members of the House of Commons are elected by people. Parliament makes laws. The head of the Government is 'the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the party in power. At present there are four main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative, the Labour, the Liberal, the Social-Democratic Party. The Conservative Party is the ruling party nowadays.

Exercises

I Answer the questions:

1.What parts does Great Britain consist of?

2.Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?

3.Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country, isn't it?

4.What do you know about political system of Great Britain?

5.Which political party does the Prime Minister belong to?

II Translate from Russian into English and check your translations up with the answers.

1.Британские острова омываются Атлантическим океаном и Северным морем.

2.На континенте страна граничит с Францией.

3.Власть в стране принадлежит королеве и парламенту.

4.Великобритания получила большую прибыль из своих колоний.

5.Британия - это маленькая, красивая и населенная страна.

LONDON

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial centre. Its population is about 8 million people. It is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old. It has more than 20 centuries old history. Traditionally it is devided into 4 parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End. They are very different from each other. The City is the oldest part of London, it is the business and commercial heart of London. Very few people live here but over a million come to work here. Numerous banks, offices and firms are concentrated here, including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. In the centre of the City there is the Tower of London and St. Paul's Cathedral. The Tower was built in the 11-th century. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison.

Now it's a museum. St. Paul's Cathedral was built in the 17-th century by Christopher Wren. Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace, the royal residence, and the Houses of Parliament. It is a beautiful building with two towers: The Clock Tower with Big Ben and the Victoria Tower with the national flag over it. Opposite the Houses of Parliament is

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Westminster Abbey. It is the place where nearly all kings and queens were crowned.

Many of them are buried here as well as some other famous people of the country G. Chaucer, Tennyson, Newton, Ch. Dickens, R. Kipling.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. It is a symbol of wealth and luxury. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks, and houses are situated there. English aristocracy lives in this region. One of the busiest streets in the West End is Oxford street. There are many various shops in it which attract customers from different countries of the world. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in the memory of Admiral Nelson's victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805; In the middle of it is the famous Nelson

Museum famous for its rich library. Another interesting sight in the West End is Hyde Park. It is the largest of London parks and its famous for its Speaker's Comer which attracts a lot of tourists.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories here. The region is densely populated. Old residents of the East End are proud to be called cockneys which means true Londoners. London is the home of many famous Englishmen. One of the first names of importance was that of Geoffrey Chaucer, the poet. He lived most of his life in London. He held official posts in London and was burned in Westminster Abbey. William Shakespeare had been living in London for twenty years. He acted at the Globe Theatre and most of his plays were written in London.

COMMENTARY attract - привлекать

1.A crowd was attracted to the scene of the accident. Сцена несчастного случая собрала толпу людей, attraction - очарование

1.I feel an attration to him.

Меня влечет к нему, attractive - привлекательный

1.The offer is very attractive to us.

Предложение очень привлекательно для нас.

Exercises:

I Answer the questions:

l. What parts is London divided into?

2.What places of interest does Westminster include?

3.What is the West End famous for?

4.What part of London would you like to live in? 5.Where is the National Gallery situated?

II Translate the sentences from Russian into English and check up the translations with the answers.

1 .Даунинг-стрит, 10 - официальная резиденция премьер-министра.

4.Кроме Гайд парка, есть Королевский парк, парк Святого Джеймса. Люди

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называют парки "легкими Лондона".

5.Магазины Оксфорд-стрит могут удовлетворить различные потребности.

TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS

Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain

popular. They have religious origin. Christmas is celebrated on the 25th of December. For most British families this is the most important day of the year, it

brightly-coloured paper or holly and they usually have a Christmas tree in the comer of the room. On Christmas Eve, children hang their stockings at the end of their beds or over the fire-place. They are told that Santa Glaus arrives at night from the North Pole and fills each stocking with presents. Lunch is the most important point on Christmas Day. The traditional lunch consists of a roast turkey with vegetables. At Easter time, the British celebrate the idea of new birth by giving each other chocolate or painted Easter eggs which are open and eaten on Easter Sunday.

Easter Monday are bank holidays and the banks and other financial institutions, offices and shops are closed on these days. Fish is traditionally eaten on Good Friday and Easter cake is an iced fruit

There are some other national annual holidays: Mothering Sunday or Mother's day. All Fools' Day. Pancake Pay. But I like St. Valentine's Day. It is the day of lovers, and on 14 February young men and women declare their feelings, for each other. Valentine's Day cards and romantic flowers such as red roses are sent. These messages are always left unsigned.

The cards may be happy or sad, romantic or humorous, serious or ridiculous, and may be sent to all people you know.

Exercises.

I Answer the questions.

1.Where do you like to see the New Year in? 2.Which is your favourite holiday?

3.What presents do you like to give your relatives and friends? 4.How do you celebrate Mother's Day?

5.What do you think of the British traditions?

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II Translate the sentences from Russian into English and check the translations up with the answers.

1.Рождество отмечают с языческих времен.

2,.Многае из старых русских традиций были возрождены в нашей стране. 3.Каждый год в Уэльсе проводят песенный фестиваль.

4.Дети во всех англоязычных странах с нетерпением ожидают первого апреля, Дня дураков.

5Люди надеются получить много открыток на День Св. Валентина.

2) Праздники в Великобритании. Customs and traditions of Great Britain

Every nation and every country has its own traditions and customs. Traditions make a nation special. Some of them are old-fashioned and many people remember them, others are part of people's life. Some British customs and traditions are known all over the world: bowler hats, tea and talking about the weather.

Englishmen have many traditional holidays, such as Christmas, St. Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, Easter and others.

Britain is full of customs and traditions. A lot of them have very long histories. Some are funny and some are strange. But they are all interesting. There is the long menu of traditional British food. There are many royal occasions. There are songs, saying and superstitions. They are all part of the British way of life.

We can classify English traditions into several groups: traditions concerning the Englishmen's private life (child's birth, wedding, marriage, wedding anniversary), which are connected with families incomes; state traditions; national holidays, religious holidays, public festival, traditional ceremonies.

Here are some of them.

Holidays

Christmas

It is certain that Christmas is celebrated all over the world. Perhaps no other holiday has developed a set of customs and symbols. This is the day when many people are traveling home to be with their families on Christmas Day, 25th December. The Christmas story comes from bible. An angel appeared to shepherds and told them that a Savior had been born to Mary and Joseph in a stable in Bethlehem. Three Wise Men from the East followed a wondrous star which led them to the baby Jesus to whome they paid homage and presented gifts of gold, frankicense and myrrh. To people all over the world, Christmas is a season of giving and receiving presents. In Scandinavian and other European countries, Father Christmas, or Saint Nicholas, comes into house at night and leaves gifts for

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the children. Saint Nicholas is represented as a fidly man with a red cloak and long white beard. He visited house and left giftes, dringing people happiness in the coldest months of the year. Another character, the Norse God Odin, rode on a magical flying horse across the ages to make the present day Santa Claus.

For most British families, this is the most important festival of the year, it combines the Christian celebration or the birth of Christ with the traditional festivities of winter. On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where special hymns are sung. Sometimes carol-singers can be heard on the streets as they collect money for charity. Most families decorate their houses with brightly-coloured paper or holly, and they usually have a Christmas tree in the corner or the front foom, glittering with coloured lights and decorations. The Christmas tree was popularized by Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who introduced one to the Royal Household in 1840. Since 1947, the country of Norway has presented Britain annually with a large Christmas tree which stands in Trafalgar Square in commemoration of Anglo-Norwegian cooperation during the Second World War.

There are a lot of traditions connected with Christmas but perhaps the most important one is the giving of present. Familly members wrap up their gifts and leave them bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. Children leave sock or stocking at the end of their beds on Christmas Eve, 24th of December, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them small presents, fruit and nuts. They are usually not disappointe! At some time in Christmas Day the familly will sit down to a big turkey dinner followed by Christmas pudding. Christmas dinner consists traditionally of a roast turkey, goose or chicken with stuffing and roast potatoes. Mince pies and Christmas pudding flaming with brandy, which might contain coins or lucky charms for children, follow this. (The pudding is usually prepared weeks beforehand and is customarily stirred by each member of the family as a wish is made.) Later in the day, a Christmas cake may be served - a rich baked fruitcake with marzipan, icing and sugar frosting.

The pulling of Christmas crackers often accompanies food on Christmas Day. Invented by a London baker in 1846, a cracker is a brightly colored paper tube, twisted at both ends, which contains a party hat, riddle and toy or other trinket. When it is pulled by two people it gives out a crack as its contents are dispersed.

26th December is also a public holiday, Boxing Day, which takes its name from a former custom of giving a Christmas Box - a gift of money or food inside a box - to the deliverymen and trades people who called regularly during the year. This tradition survives in the custom of tipping the milkman, postman, dustmen and other callers of good service at Christmas time. This is the time to visit friends and relatives or watch football.

At midnight on 31th December throughout Great Britain people celebrate the coming of the New Year, by holding hands in a large circle and singing the song:

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Should auld acquaintance be forget, And never brought to mind? Should auld acquaintance be forget? And auld lang syne?

For auld lang syne, my dear, For auld lang syne, We'll take a cup of kindness yet, For auld lang syne!..

New Year's Eve is a more important festival in Scotland than it is in England, and it even has a special name. It is not clear where the word 'Hogmanay' comes from, but it is connected with the provision of food and drink for all visitors to your home on 31th December. It was believed that the first person to visit one's house on New Year's Day could bring good or bad luck. Therefore, people tried to arrange for the person or their own choice to be standing outside their houses ready to be let in the moment midnight had come. Usually a dark-complexioned man was chosen, and never a woman, for she would bring bad luck. The first footer was required to carry three articles: a piece of coal to wish warmth, a piece of bread to wish food, and a silver coin to wish wealth.

St. Valentine's Day

St. Valentine's Day roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid, the Roman god of Love, Who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow. Three hundred years after the death of Jesus Christ, the Roman emperors still demanded that everyone believe in the Roman gods. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings. On February 14, Valentine was beheaded, not only because he was a Christian, but also because he had performed a miracle. He supposedly cured the jailer's daughter of her blindness. The night before he was executed, he wrote the jailer's daughter a farewell letter, signing it, "from Your Valentine". Another legend tells us that this same Valentine, well-loved by all, wrote notes from his jail cell to children and friends who missed him. Whatever the odd mixture of origins, St. Valentine's Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day that you show your friend of loved one that you care. You can send candy to someone you think is special. Or you can send "valentines" a greeting card named after the notes that St. Valentine wrote from jail. Valentines can be sentimental, romantic, and heartfelt. They can be funny and friendly. If the sender is shy, valentines can be anonymous. Americans of all ages as other people in different countries love to send and receive valentines. Handmade valentines, created by cutting hearts out of coloured paper, show that a lot of thought was put into making them personal. Valentines can be heart-shaped, or have hearts, the symbol of love, on them. In elementary schools,

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