English for Economist and managers

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6.Fill the gaps in the sentences below with the words and expressions from the text:

1.This small ___________ was near Edinburgh.

2.His first academic appointment was at____________. 3.The work was ____________ great success.

4.Adam Smith was ____________ economic science.

5.The average ________at that time was very low.

7.Answer the questions:

1.Who was a great scientist? 2.When was Adam Smith born?

3.What was his first academic appointment? 4.Who became a tutor to a wealthy Scottish duke? 5.What was published with great success in 1776?

8.Repeat what the text said about Adam Smith.

9.Say a few words about a Russian scientist. Write some sentences about him/her.

Read and translate the text. Learn the unknown words.

Text 5

Business success stories of all time

In 1976, Anita Roddick took out a GBP 4,000 loan and opened the first Body Shop. She believed that action was the key to all success. Twelve years later she opened the 322nd Body Shop and was launching into the United States.

By then she had stores in many countries and ran an empire with an annual turnover of £28.5 million. Her chain of natural cosmetics stores has created over 3,000 jobs in the United Kingdom and many more overseas.

Another spectacular growth story is that of Apple Computer. Apple began its life with Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak, two students at Stanford University in the United States, who worked in a garage.

They bought a few components and produced the world's first commercially successful personal computer, the Apple. From that modest start, Apple Computer

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has grown into a giant. Really, in case you love what you are doing, you will be successful.

Such private firms as Body Shop and Apple Computer once were operated by their owners. Nowadays they form the private sector of economy.

All companies in this sector are owned by private shareholders, not by the state. They account for about 90 per cent of all business sales in the countries with market economy.

1.Find English equivalents for the following Russian expressions:

1.кредит в 1000 английских фунтов

2.ежегодный товарооборот

3.сеть магазинов

4.персональный компьютер

5.частный акционер

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2. Translate these word combinations into Russian:

1.to take out a loan

2.to create 500 jobs

3.private firm

4.to run an empire

5.the key to all success

3. Say if the statements are true or false.

1.Small private firms are operated by their owners.

2.All companies in the private sector are owned by the state.

3.Private firms form the private sector of economy.

4.They bought a garage and the first commercially successful personal computer, the Apple, in 1976.

5.The government accounts for all business sales in the countries with market economy.

4. Use these expressions in your own sentences. Translate them into Russian:

1.to open the first Body Shop

2.to have stores in many countries

3.to launch into France

4.to have a turnover of

5.to grow into a giant

5. Put questions to the words in italic:

1.Anita Roddick took out a GBP 4,000 loan.

2.Twelve years later she opened the 322nd Body Shop.

3.She had stores in many countries.

4.Her chain of natural cosmetics stores has created over 3,000 jobs.

5.Apple began its life with Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak.

6.They bought a few components.

7.They worked in a garage.

8.Apple Computer has grown into a giant.

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Read and translate the text. Learn the unknown words.

Text 6

The sources of economic health

In 1776, new technologies were being invented and applied to the manufacture of cotton and wool, iron, transportation and agriculture. It was called the «Industrial Revolution».

Adam Smith was keenly interested in these events. He wanted to understand the sources of economic wealth. He brought his acute powers of observation and abstraction to bear on this question.

He pointed out two main reasons: the division of labor and free domestic and international markets.

Smith identified the division of labor as the source of «the greatest improvement in the productive powers of labor». The division of labor became even more productive when applied to creating new technologies.

Scientists and engineers, trained in extremely narrow fields, became specialists at inventing. Their powerful skills speeded the advance of technology. Machines started performing repetitive operations faster, and more accurately than people.

But, according to Smith, the fruits of the division of labor are limited by the extent of the market. To make the market as large as possible, there must be no impediments to free trade both within a country and among countries.

Smith argued that when each person makes the best possible economic choice based on self-interest, that choice leads to the best outcome for society as a whole.

1. Translate these word combinations into Russian:

1.sources of economic wealth

2.powers of observation and abstraction

3.two main reasons

4.the productive powers of labor

5.powerful skills

6.to become more productive

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7.to speed the advance of technology

8.the best outcome for society

1.Machines started performing repetitive operations slower.

2.Adam Smith was keenly interested in these events.

3.There must be impediments to free trade both within a country and among countries.

4.The fruits of the division of labor are not limited by the extent of the market.

5.Scientists and engineers became specialists at inventing.

6.The division of labor became less productive when applied to creating new technologies.

7.Adam Smith pointed out two main reasons.

4. Complete the sentences paying attention to the text:

1.The invention and applying new technologies to the manufacture of cotton and wool, iron, transportation and agriculture was …

2.According to Smith the division of labor is …

3.When applied to creating new technologies the division of labor …

4.Scientists and engineers were trained …

5.The choice based on self-interest leads to …

6.There must be no impediments to …

7.Each person makes …

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5. Make two simple sentences out of one, translate them into Russian:

1.Adam Smith was keenly interested in these events trying to understand the sources of economic wealth.

2.Scientists and engineers, trained in extremely narrow fields, became specialists at inventing.

3.When each person makes the best possible economic choice based on self-interest, that choice leads to the best outcome for society as a whole.

4.To make the market as large as possible, there must be no impediments to free trade.

5.The division of labor became even more productive when applied to creating new technologies.

6.Answer the questions:

1.What was called the «Industrial Revolution»?

2.Who wanted to understand the sources of economic wealth?

3.What main reasons did he point out?

4.What speeded the advance of technology?

5.What started performing repetitive operations faster, and more accurately than people?

6.What are the fruits of the division of labor limited by?

7.How can people make the market as large as possible?

8.What leads to the best outcome for society as a whole?

7.Write out all the sentences defining the term ―division of labor‖. Translate them into Russian.

8.Enact the dialogue of the two friends using exercise 6.

Read and translate the text. Learn the unknown words.

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GRAMMAR

Правильные и неправильные глаголы

По способу образования прошедшего времени все глаголы в английском языке можно разделить на две группы: правильные и неправильные (regular and irregular verbs). У правильных глаголов вторая и третья формы (Past Simple Tense и Past Participle – простое прошедшее время и причастие прошедшего времени) совпадают между собой и образуются путем прибавления к основе глагола окончания -ed (-d):

to ask — asked, to change — changed, to receive — received to work— worked.

При этом существует ряд особенностей:

а) если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей согласной, то буква у меняется на i и добавляется окончание –ed: to supply – supplied, to apply – applied;

б) если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей гласной, то буква у не меняется и добавляется окончание -ed: to stay — stayed, to play — played;

в) если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предшествующим кратким гласным звуком, то согласная на конце удваивается: to stop — stopped.

Неправильные глаголы образуют вторую и третью формы различными способами, без четких правил. Это наиболее часто употребляемые глаголы. Для описания регулярно повторявшихся действий, которые происходили в прошлом, используются также глаголы used to или would:

I used to watch TV a lot. In summer we would get up early and go for a swim.

Формы глагола в Past Simple

Формы глагола в Future Simple

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TECT 5

1. Answer the questions about yourself.

When did

you have breakfast?

you start learning English?

this term (семестр) start?

you last use the computer?

you learn to ride bicycle?

your parents get married?

you last eat hamburger?

you last have a coffee break?

2.Make the sentences about future. Use Future Simple Tense.

England will win/ will not win the next football world cup.

3. Answer the questions.

General knowledge quiz

1.Who was the first man to walk on the moon?

2.Who won the last football World Cup?

3.What did Marconi invent in 1901? (some people say that actually Popov was the first to invent it)

4.What sort of music did Louis Armstrong play?

5.What happened in Europe in 1939?

6.What happened in the end of Romeo and Juliet?

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Che ck the results. Each correct answer is 1 point :

5-6 - It seems as if you know everything

4-3 - There are some things that you do not know. 2-0 – It is high time to study!

4. Use the verbs in the right forms.