English for Economist and managers
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2. Fill in the gaps
1.I work ______a shop.
2.I walk______work.
3.I don`t work______Sundays.
4.I come ______Germany.
5.I work ______Rolls-Royce.
6.Mozart was born…Salzburg______1756.
7.The office is______ the first floor.
Спряжение глагола to be
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
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Настоящее время (Рrеsепt Simple) |
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I am |
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Am I? |
I аm not. |
Не (she, it) is. |
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Is he (she, it)? |
Не (she, it) is not. |
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Wе (уоu, they) arе. |
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Аrе we (уоu, they)? |
Wе (уоu, they) аrе not. |
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Прошедшее время (Рast Simple) |
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I (he, she, it) was. |
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Was I (he, she, it)? |
I (he, she, it) was not. |
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Wе (уоu, they) were. |
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Were we (уоu, they)? |
We (уоu, they) were not. |
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Будущее время (Futurе Simple) |
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I (we) shall bе. |
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Shall I (we) bе? |
I (we) shall not bе. |
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He (she, it) will bе. |
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Will he (she, it) be? |
He (she, it) will not bе. |
Yоu (they) will be. |
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Will уоu (they) bе? |
Yоu (they) will not bе. |
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Оборот there is / there are
Оборот there is / there are служит для выражения наличия (отсутствия) какого-либо предмета в определенном месте или в определенное время.
Present Indefinite
There is a picture on the wall. На стене картина.
Is there a picture on the wall? На стене есть картина? There are pictures on the wall. На стене картины.
Are there pictures on the wall? На стене есть картины?
Past Indefinite
There was a picture on the wall. На стене была картина. Was there a picture on the wall? На стене была картина?. There were pictures on the wall. На стене были картины. Were there pictures on the wall? На стене были картины?
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Future Indefinite
There will be pictures on the wall. На стене будут картины. Will there be pictures on the wall? На стене будут картины?
Выбор формы глагола to be зависит от числа существительного, следующего сразу за ним:
There is a chair and two armchairs in the room. There are two armchairs and a chair in the room.
Вопросительные предложения с оборотом there is / there are строятся следующим образом:
Общий вопрос: Is there anything in the bag? Will there be lessons tomorrow? Специальный вопрос: What is there in the bag?
Разделительный вопрос. There are some pupils in the classroom, aren't there?
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TECT 3 |
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1. Choose the correct alternative. |
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1) |
The police_____ called immediately. |
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a) was |
b) were |
2) |
When I was at University I used to think that phonetics_____ a dull subject. But |
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now I'm of a different opinion. |
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a) is |
b) are |
3) |
The news_______ announced before lunch. |
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a) was |
b) were |
4) |
Sheep ______ grown in the northern areas of Great Britain because there is a lot of |
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green grass. |
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a) is |
b) are |
5) |
In my opinion, billiards_____ a very boring game. But my boyfriend says it's |
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foolish of me to think so. |
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a) is |
b) are |
6) |
Deer_____ reared in the northern parts of Russia. |
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a) is |
b) are |
7) |
My son says that physics_____ a very interesting subject. |
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a) is |
b) are |
8) |
In summer cattle________ fed on pasture lands. |
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a) is |
b) are |
9) |
Rich green foliage_______ hiding the house. |
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a) was |
b) were |
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10) |
Where on earth____ the scissors? |
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a) is |
b) are |
11) |
The machinery_____ delivered in time. |
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a) was |
b) were |
ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА В ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ
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Таблица 1 |
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Времена английского глагола в активном (действительном ) залоге |
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Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect Сontinuous |
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Be + -ing |
Have + 3 |
Have been + 3 |
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форма глагола |
форма глагола |
Present |
Ask(s) |
Am |
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Have |
Have |
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*Регулярное |
Is |
asking |
asked |
Been |
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повторяющееся |
Are |
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Has |
asking |
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действие ( |
*Длительное |
*Действие |
Has |
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usually, always, |
действие |
закончилось к |
*Длительное |
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often, |
(процесс), |
определенному |
действие, которое |
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sometimes, |
протекающий в |
моменту в |
началось в |
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every day) |
данный момент |
прошлом и |
прошлом и все |
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*Факт |
Now ,at the moment |
имеется его |
еще протекает в |
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*Будущее |
*Будущее |
результат |
данный момент |
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время (по |
запланированное |
Already, yet, |
For a month/for a |
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расписанию, |
действие |
ever, never, |
long time, |
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графику |
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lately, recently, |
since 5 o’clock |
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this week, today, |
how long |
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since |
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Past |
Asked |
Was |
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Had asked |
Had been asking |
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Took |
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asking |
*Действие |
*Длительное |
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*Действие в |
Were |
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закончилось до |
прошедшее |
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прошлом |
*Длительное |
начала другого |
действие, которое |
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Yesterday |
действие (процесс), |
действия в |
началось до |
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Last week (year) |
совершавшееся в |
прошлом |
определенного |
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3 days ago |
момент или период |
By 5 o’clock |
момента в |
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в прошлом |
yesterday |
прошлом и еще |
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At 5 yesterday |
Before he came |
продолжалось |
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From 5 to 6 yesterday |
By the end of |
He had been |
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For 3 days last week |
the last year |
working for 2 hours, |
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All the day long/the |
*При согласо- |
when my brother |
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whole day |
вании времен |
came |
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When he came |
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Окончание табл. 1 |
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Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect Сontinuous |
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Be + -ing |
Have + 3 |
Have been + 3 |
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форма глагола |
форма глагола |
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Future |
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Will ask |
Shall |
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Shall |
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Shall |
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*Действие в |
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be asking |
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have |
have been |
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будущем |
Will |
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asked |
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asking |
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Tomorrow |
*Длительное |
Will |
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Will |
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Next week |
действие |
* Действие |
*Длительное |
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In 3 days |
(процесс), которое |
закончится к |
будущее |
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In 2020 |
будет совершаться |
определенному |
действие, которое |
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в определенный |
моменту в |
начнется ранее |
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момент или |
будущем |
момента в |
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период в будущем |
By 5 o’clock |
будущем и будет |
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At 5 tomorrow |
tomorrow |
все еще |
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From 5 to 6 |
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совершаться в |
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tomorrow |
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данный момент. |
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When he comes |
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When you come I’ll |
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have been working |
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for 2 hours |
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Формы глагола в Present Simple |
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Число |
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Утвердительная |
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Вопросительная |
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Отрицательная форма |
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форма |
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форма |
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eд. |
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I ask. |
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Do I ask? |
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I do not ask. |
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He (she, it) asks. |
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Does he (she, it) ask? |
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He (she, it) does not ask. |
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мн. |
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We (you, they) ask |
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Do we (you, they) ask? |
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We (you, they) do not ask. |
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Глаголы в формах Indefinite (Simple) описывают обычные, повторяющиеся действия как факт – безотносительно к их длительности или к результату действия:
I go to school every day. Я хожу в школу каждый день.
I went to school when I was a boy. Я ходил в школу, когда был мальчиком. I shall go to school when I grow up. Я буду ходить в школу, когда вырасту.
Для указания на повторный характер действия часто употребляются слова every day / week, month, year (каждый день / неделю, месяц, год), often (часто), seldom (редко), always (всегда), usually (обычно), never (никогда).
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TECT 4
1. Finish the sentences using the words from the box. Use Present Simple.
wash |
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do (x2) |
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happen |
start teach |
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come |
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wait make |
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1. |
He who can, |
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. He who cannot, . |
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2. |
It‘s not I am afraid to die. I just don‘t want to be there when it . |
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The man who |
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no mistakes does not usually make anything. |
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4. |
Everything to him who . |
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5. |
He is fantastically tidy. After he takes the bath, he |
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the soap. |
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6. |
The brain is a wonderful organ. It working the moment you get up in the |
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morning and |
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not stop until you get to the office. |
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2. Choose the correct alternative. |
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1) Pete |
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Nick to David. |
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a) introduce |
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b) introduces |
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2) They |
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hands and follow Nick to the car. |
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a) shake |
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b) shakes |
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3) They |
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David and come up to him. |
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a) see |
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b) sees |
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4) |
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you like the airport? |
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a) Do |
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b) Does |
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5)you sometimes go to London?
a) Do |
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b) Does |
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6) |
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you mean the contract? |
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a) Do |
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b) Does |
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7) They |
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through the correspondence in the office. |
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a) look |
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b) looks |
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8) He |
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as a manager. |
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a) work |
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b) works |
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9) Trade |
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finance. |
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a) need |
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b) needs |
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10) The next day David |
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Moscow for St.Petersburg. |
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a) leave |
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b) leaves |
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11) We |
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discuss all these details. |
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a) don‘t |
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b) doesn‘t |
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12) The secretary |
the calls. |
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a) answer |
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b) answers |
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Greetings (Приветствия)
Форма приветствия зависит от ситуации, в которой находятся говорящие, от их отношений.
В официальных ситуациях (деловые встречи, официальные приемы, конференции) используются такие приветствия, как:
How do you do! — Здравствуйте! Ответом будет: How do you do! Good morning! — Доброе утро! (до обеда).
Good afternoon! — Добрый день! (до 5-6 часов вечера). Good evening! — Добрый вечер! (до 10-11 часов вечера ).
Приветствуя знакомых или близких людей, можно сказать:
Hello! (Hallo) — Привет! (полуофициальное приветствие).
Hallo, everybody! — Здравствуйте! (при обращении ко всем присутствующим).
Morning!/Afternoon! / Evening! — Неофициальное приветствие. Hello! I haven't seen you for ages. — Привет! Сто лет тебя не видел.
Hi! [hai] — Привет! (американский вариант).
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Обмен приветствиями может звучать следующим образом:
—I'm glad to see you! Рад вас видеть.
—So am I. Я тоже.
—How are you? Как вы поживаете?
—I am fine, thank you. Спасибо, прекрасно.
—How are you getting on? Как дела?
—Not so bad, thank you. Спасибо, неплохо.
—How is it going? Как дела?
—So – so. [sou sou] Так себе.
1.Choose the phrase to fit the dialogues.
1.A: Good morning!
B:________
2.A: How are you?
B:________
3.A: Hello!
B:________
4.A: Good morning! B:________
2.What do you say? Choose the best phrase.
1.You answer a phone at work. It‘s 10.30 a.m.
2.You answer a phone at work. It‘s 3 p.m.
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UNIT 2
READING
Text 4
Adam Smith
Adam Smith was a great scientist who made extraordinary contributions in economics.
He was born in 1723 in Kirkcaldy, a small fishing town near Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was a customs officer. He died before his son was born.
At the age of 28 Adam Smith became a Professor of Logics at the University of Glasgow. It was his first academic appointment. Some time later he became a tutor to a wealthy Scottish duke. Then he received a grant of £300 a year. It was a very big sum, 10 times the average income at that time.
With the financial security of his grant, Smith devoted 10 years to writing his work which founded economic science. Its full title was "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations". It was published with great success in 1776.
Adam Smith made economics a science. This Scottish economist is often regarded as the founder of political economics too.
Do you know these words? |
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science |
наука |
scientist |
ученый |
to make |
делать |
contribution |
вклад |
extraordinary |
необыкновенный |
to be born |
родиться |
fishing town |
рыбацкий поселок |
near |
около |
Edinburgh |
Эдинбург |
Scotland |
Шотландия |
customs officer |
таможенник |
to die (died, died) |
умирать |
to become (became, become) |
становиться |
Glasgow |
Глазго |
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academic |
академический |
appointment |
1) назначение 2) деловая встреча |
some time later |
через некоторое время |
tutor |
наставник, репетитор |
wealth |
богатство, благосостояние |
wealthy |
богатый |
Scottish |
шотландский |
duke |
герцог |
to receive |
получать |
sum |
сумма |
average |
средний |
income |
доход |
financial |
финансовый |
security |
обеспечение |
to devote |
посвящать |
work |
1) работа 2) произведение |
to found |
основывать |
founder |
основатель |
full |
полный |
title |
1) название 2) должность, звание |
inquiry (=enquiry) |
1) исследование 2) запрос |
to inquire |
спрашивать, наводить справки |
cause |
причина |
nation |
народ, нация |
to publish |
опубликовывать |
to be published |
быть опубликованным |
success |
успех |
to regard |
считать |
to be regarded |
считаться |
often |
часто |
1. Find English equivalents for the following Russian expressions:
1.великий ученый
2.шотландский герцог
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3.экономическая наука
4.политическая экономика
5.финансовое обеспечение
2. Translate these noun combinations:
1.contributions in economics
2.customs officer
3.Professor of Logics
4.a tutor to a duke
5.wealth of nations
3. Say if the statements are true or false.
1.Adam Smith was born in 1723 in Scotland.
2.The father of Adam Smith was a Professor of Logics.
3.The average income was $ 300 at that time.
4.This Scottish economist is the founder of political economics.
5.Smith devoted many years to writing his work.
4. Read these words and make a few sentences of your own:
1.to be born
2.to be a great success 3.to receive a grant
4.to become an economist
5.to devote something to something
5. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
1.She made extraordinary contributions in economics.
2.He died before his son was born.
3.It was a very big sum.
4.They founded economic science.
5.The work was published in 2005.