English for Economist and managers

100

4.She is an accountant.

5.He works for Nokia.

6.Nokia produces and sells mobile phones all over the world.

7.Janita has been working for Nokia for 5 years already.

8.Her boss told her that she can be promoted soon.

9.Janita hopes that her salary would be increased.

2.Choose the right variant

1.What _________ at now?

a)you are working

b)are you working

2.―When _________ this file?‖ – ―Yesterday‖.

a)you have read

b)have you read

3.What _________ tomorrow?

a)will you do

b)you will do

4.―_________ the documents already?‖

a)Have you seen

b)You have seen

5._________your bill ?

a)Have you paid

b)Have you pay

6._________ at the hotel two hours ago?

a)Did you arrive

b)Did you arrived

7._________ a single room?

a)Could I book

b)Could I booked

8.(at the hotel) ―Excuse me. _________?‖

a)Service is included

b)Is service included

9.(at the restaurant) ―Right, madam. _________ to order?‖

a)Are you ready

b)You are ready

101

10._________ checked in the reception when you arrived at the hotel?

a)Has he already

b)Had he already

c)He has already

d)You had already

3.Ask your friend who has a job if these statements true for him (her) at work. (=Make sentences interrogative)

1.You work at a computer a lot of time.

2.You use e-mail a lot.

3.You have to do a lot of paperwork.

4.You arrange meetings.

5.You attend quite a lot of meetings.

6.You show people around your workplace.

7.You send invoices.

8.You deal with customer complaints.

9.You are responsible for promotion.

10.Your manager is pleased with your work.

11.Your manager works a lot.

12.You have been promoted from the time you started your job.

13.You can finish work early on Fridays.

14.You have to take the minutes during the meetings.

15.You got paid holiday last year.

16.You are satisfied with your salary.

17.You have been on training courses.

18.You will be promoted soon.

4.Write the questions (general, special) to these answers.

1.Sales rose by 10 % last year

2.The stock market value fell from 240 to 225 in two days.

3.There was a rise of 5 % in the value of the shares.

4.The shares were 2.5 $ last week.

5.The value of the shares has just gone up 1 $ to 3.5 $

6.There has been a steady increase in the profit.

7.We had to pay over 5000$ in interest.

102

5.Define the type of question

1.What is the inflation rate in your country?

2.Is the economy of your country in the state of recession?

3.How much money did you borrow from the bank last year?

4.Sales dropped by 5 % last year, didn‘t they?

5.Did the sales rise by 10 or 15 % last year?

6.Choose the right question tags

1.They used to work here, _________?

a)don‘t they

b)didn‘t they

c)did they

2.Let‘s see what we have, _________?

a)shall we

b)will you

c)shan‘t we

3.You haven‘t got this information, _________?

a)don‘t you

b)haven‘t you

c)have you

4.This is my pen, _________?

a)isn‘t this

b)isn‘t it

c)is it

5.The printer is broken, _________?

a)isn‘t it

b)is it

c)did it

6.The hotel has got a pool, _________?

a)isn‘t it

b)has it

c)hasn‘t it

7.It stopped working, _________?

a)didn‘t it

103

b)isn‘t it

c)hasn‘t it

8.You know Henry, _________?

a)didn‘t you

b)don‘t you

c)aren‘t you

9.You can give me the information, _________?

a)can you

b)can‘t you

c)don‘t you

10.You can‘t speak German, _________?

a)can‘t you

b)can you

c)are you

d)don‘t you

11.They are on holiday, _________?

a)are they

b)aren‘t they

c)don‘t they

12.He was not at home, _________?

a)was he

b)wasn‘t he

c)not was he

13.You‘ve been to Paris, _________?

a)don‘t you

b)haven‘t you

c)have you

14.You speak English, _________?

a)aren‘t you

b)didn‘t you

c)don‘t you

15.Mr Drayton won‘t come back tomorrow, _________?

a)won‘t he

b)willn‘t he

c)will he

104

16.Martin works very hard, _________?

a)doesn‘t he

b)does he

c)isn‘t he

17.Mr Black will be here soon, _________?

a)will he

b)is he

c)isn‘t he

d)won‘t he

18.You are ready, _________?

a)aren‘t you

b)do you

c)don‘t you

d)are you

EVERYDAY ENGLISH

Introducing people (Представление и знакомство)

Британцы, в отличие от русских и американцев, редко жмут руку, приветствуя друг друга. Обычно они это делают, когда встречаются с человеком впервые или если человека долго не видели. Представление обычно происходит следующим образом:

Host: Mr. Brown, let me introduce you to Mr. White. He is an expert in finance. – Хозяин: М-р Браун, позвольте мне представить вас м-ру Уайту. Он специалист по финансам.

Mr. Brown: How do you do? — Здравствуйте. Mr. White: How do you do? — Здравствуйте.

Mr. Brown: Pleased (Glad) to meet you. — Рад познакомиться с вами. Mr. White: So am I. (разг. Me too.) — Я тоже.

По правилам этикета, мужчин представляют женщинам, за исключением случаев, когда мужчина намного старше женщины и выше по положению. Молодых представляют людям старшего возраста.

UNIT 8

READING

Text 12

Allocation of products and resources

The pure market economy allocates products and resources without any government control whatsoever. As to the command economy, practically speaking, it allows the government to act as a dictator.

Fortunately a community or a country does not have to make a complete choice between the two extremes: the market economy and the command economy. Instead it can compromise and have a mixed economy.

In a mixed economy three quarters of production is carried out by the private sector through the market. Though it is subject to varying degrees of government

106

control. For the other quarter the government is directly responsible through the public sector. Thus the government influences the allocation of the goods and services produced.

Even in the USA, a stronghold of free enterprise, it has been found necessary to control or regulate national income conditions. As to Britain, today it has a mixed economy. In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and BOAC. In the private sector are the majority of the nation's industries, both large and small, from giants like ICI and BP to small family businesses.

107

1.Translate these word combinations:

1.to act as a dictator

2.to make a choice

3.to be controlled by the government

4.the produced goods and services

5.public and private sectors of the economy

2. Choose the correct word:

1.The pure market (economics / economy) allocates products and resources without any government control.

2.In a mixed economy 3/4 of (produce / production) is carried out by the private sector.

3.The government influences the (allocation / allocate) of the goods and services.

4.In the public sector of British ( economy / economic) life are the nationalized industries.

3. Agree or disagree:

1.As to the UK, today it has a mixed economy.

2.The government is always responsible for one quarter of production.

3.The market economy and the command economy are two economic extremes.

4.There is some control over national income conditions in the USA.

5.A country has to make a complete choice between the market economy and the command economy.

4. Read these word combinations and use them in the sentences of your own:

5. Give full possible answers to the questions:

1.What is the difference between the market economy and the command economy?

2.Does a community or a country have to make a complete choice between the two extremes?

3.What are the examples of mixed economies?

108

GRAMMAR

Participle

Причастие

Причастие (Participle) – это неличная форма глагола, в которой сочетаются признаки прилагательного, наречия и глагола.

В английском языке существуют два вида причастий: причастие настоящего времени (Participle I) и причастие прошедшего времени (Participle II), причем причастие I имеет простую и сложную формы, а причастие II – только простую форму. Простая форма причастия (Indefinite (Simple) указывает на то, что действие, выраженное им, совершается одновременно с действием, выраженным глаголом-сказуемым, например: speaking говорящий (говоря)

Сложная форма причастия (Perfect Participle) указывает на предшествование действия по отношению к действию, выраженному сказуемым, и на русский язык переводится деепричастием, например: having written написав.

Причастия I и II выполняют функции определения и обстоятельства. Таблица 5

Формы причастия

109

ТЕСТ 12

1.Underline Participle I and Participle II in the following sentences and translate the sentences into Russian.

1.Writing the report he looked through many reference books. Having written the report he presented it to his boss.

2.Translating the article he looked up into the dictionary. He was really exhausted. Having translated the article he put the dictionary on the shelf.

3.Having arranged everything Mr Jefferson went home.

4.She is doing research into the economy of developing countries.

5.My brother is writing report about the influence of recent economic crisis on the economy of developed countries.

6.The presentation was boring; I really got bored.

7.Ms Dixon was really excited about going to the conference.

8.The news was shocking. When we heard the news, we didn‘t know what to do.

We were shocked.

9.Most of the goods made in the factory are exported.

10.Having finished her work she went home. She was very tired.

11.Do you know woman talking to Tom?

12.Having spent nearly all the money we couldn‘t stay in that hotel.

13.Having booked the tickets beforehand we weren‘t nervous about the trip.

14.I enjoyed the journey. Visiting Prague was so exciting.

15.Feeling hungry we went to the restaurant.

16.The business lunch will always remain a favourite way to work with business associates in a more relaxed atmosphere.

17.Whereas many people enjoy a business lunch, combining work and pleasure, the more formal meetings are 100 percent business.

18.Culture shock produces a feeling of disorientation. This disorientation may be homesickness, imagined illness or even paranoia (unreasonable fear).

2.Underline Participle I and Participle II in the following sentences and translate the sentences into Russian.

1.Contracts covering the terms and conditions of sale, singed by both the buyer and the seller, are essential.