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1 1 Kas1m 2015 Tiirkiye Geneli Se~im Sonu~lan. URL: https://secim.haberler.com/2015/.

2 TaM lKe.

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1 Sec;im 2018. URL: https://www.sabah.corn.tr/secim/24-haziran-2018-secim-sonuclari.

66

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1Sec;im 2018. URL: https://www.sabah.eom.tr/secim/24-haziran-2018-secim-sonuclari.

2Programi. URL: http://m.akparti.org.tr/site/akparti/parti-programi.

67

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12023 Siyasi Vizyon, p. 54. URL: http://m.akparti.org.tr/site/akparti/2023-siyasi- vizyon#bolum_.

2CHP Programi, p. 24. URL: https://chp.azureedge.net/ld48b01630ef43d9b2edf45d55 842cae.pdf.

68

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1 AeamKoB B. A. flapJiaMeHTCKHe Bb16opb1 B Typ1.11111 (HlOHh 2015 r.). C. 34. URL: http:/I vostis.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/ %DO %BF %DO %BO %Dl %80 %DO %BB- %DO% B2 %Dl %8B %DO %Bl.pdf.

2 HDP Programi. URL: https://www.hdp.org.tr/tr/parti/parti-programi/8.

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1 iyi Parti Programi, p. 26. URL: http://iyiparti.org.tr/ Assets/pdf./iyi_parti_programi.pdf.

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