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1 I10,11Kon rro,113p,11oraHa: EC BhI,lleJIHT zype11KHM HKO €13 MJJH B 2017 ro,11y. URL: https:// russian.rt.com/world/article/344097-es-grant-turciya-nko.

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1,ll;oK11a,11 HeMe11Koro HHCTHTyra Me)l{,llyttapo,11HhIX OTHOIIIeHHH 6e3orracttocT11. URL: https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2014C47_ahmadoun.

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2 Oy ve 6tesi kimin ii;in i;alI§1yor? 4 Temmuz 2015. URL: http://www.sabah.corn.tr/ gundem/2015/07/04/oy-ve-otesi-kimin-icin-calisiyor.

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1 Istanbul home to the largest number of NGOs 1 January 2009. URL: http://www. hurriyet.com. tr/istanbul-home-to-the-largest-number-of-ngos-10697678.

2 l1ccJie,110BaHHe ToproBOii: rraJiaTbl ropo,11a KoHb.R «MaJIHTHqecKHe u;eHTpbl H HX BJIH.R- HY!e». URL: http://www.kto.org.tr/d/file/dusunce-kuruluslari-ve-kto-sam---ahmet-celik.pdf.

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1Karabulut B. Diinyada ve Tiirkiye'de Think Tank Kurulu§lan: Kar§1la§t1rmah Bir Analiz. Akademik Baki§, Cilt 4, Sayi 7, Kl§ 2010, pp. 91-104. URL: http://www.ataum.gazi.edu.tr/ e107_files/sayi7/05-Bilal-Karabulut.pdf.

2Istanbul home to the largest number of NGOs. URL: http://www.hurriyet.eom.tr/ istanbul-home-to-the-largest-number-of-ngos-10697678.

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2. HeKOTOphie Haxo,zvrTCJI B p;pyr11x ropop;ax: B 3CKHII1ex11pe - l1HCTHTYT aKap;eMH'leCKHXHCCJie,l.l;OBaHHH (AAE)' B l13MH:pe - LI;eHTp CTpaTerH:'leCKHX HCCJie,l.l;OBaHHH np11 3reH:cKOM YHHBepCHTeTe (ESAM2), B KOHbe - LI;eHTp HCCJie,l.l;OBaHIDI rJI06aJibHOH IlOJIHTHKH (GLOPOL) 1.

CpoK ~ecTuouaHIDI.

1.Bo3HHKIIIHe em;e p;o pacnap;a CCCP (Ba)KHOCTh BhI,l.l;eJieHIDI p;aHHoro nepHO,l.l;a CBR3aHa c oco6o CHJibHbIM BJIHRHHeM B TO BpeMR CillA, a TaK)Ke OTCYTCTBHeM perHOHOB 3aKaBKa3bR H LI;eHTpaJibHOH A3HH Ha noJIHTHqecKoH: noBeCTKe ,l.l;HR B Typu;m1). B Ka'leCTBenpHMepa MO)KHO npHBecTH LI;eH'Tp3KOHOMH'leCKHXH cou;ttaJibHblX HCCJie,l.l;OBaHHH (ESAM)'C03,l.l;aHHbIH B 1969 r., l1HCTHTYT BHeIIIHeH IlOJIHTHKH (DPE), C03,l.l;aHHbIH B 1974 r.

2.Bo3HHKIIIHe B 1990-e rr. B TOT nepttop; Ha'laJIOCb6bICTpoe pa3BHTHe aHaJIHTH'leCKHXu;eHTpoB npH aKTHBHOH nop;p;ep)KKe BOeHHhIX CTPYKTyp H MHHHCTepcTBa HHOCTpaHHbIX p;eJI. HanpHMep, 3TO EBpa3HHCKHH u;eHTp CTpaTer:wieCKHX HCCJie,ll;OBaHHH (ASAM), C03,ll;aHHhIH B 1999 r., LI;eHTp CTpaTerH'leCKHXHCCJie,ll;OBaHHH (SAM), B03HHKIIIHH B 1995 r.

3.Bo3HHKIIIHe nocJie np11xo,11;a K BJiaCTH TiapTHH cnpaBe,ll;JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTHR B 2002 r. HanpHMep, AHKapCKMH u;eHTp rJio6aJibHbIX HCCJie,ll;OBaHHH (AGAM) OCHOBaH B 2006 r., HeKOMMepqeCKoe TOBapttm;ecTBO HCCJie,11;0Ba-

TeJieH: oJIH)KHero BocToKa H AcppHKH - B 2008 r. Em;e o,11;Ho yqpe:>K,ll;eHHe B03HHKJIO B 2014 r. B AHKape -AHKapCKHH u;eHTP IlOJIHTHKH (APM).

Typeu;KHH nOJIHTOJior <PaTHX KecKHH npe,11;JiaraeT KJiaccttcpttu;ttpoBaTh COBpeMeHHbie aHaJIHTH'leCKHeu;eHTpbl Typu;HH no HX np11Ha,11;Jie)KHOCTH 11 qepTaM, oco6o Ba)f(HhIM ,ll;JIR coBpeMeHHoH: Typeu;KoH: noJIHTHKH. OH Bbl,ll;e- JIReT qeTbipe OCHOBHbie rpynnbI.

1.B nepByro BXO,ll;RT rpa)K,ll;aHCKHe 11 BoeHHbie aHaJIHTH'leCKHeCTPYKTYPhI B paMKax rocyp;apcTBeHHhIX opraHoB (SAREM np11 fettepaJibHOM IIITa6e, LI;eHTp CTpaTerH'leCKHXHCCJie,ll;OBaHHH Stratejik Merkezi npH MHHHCTepcTBe BHYTpeHHHX ,11;eJI).

2.BTopaR BKJiroqaeT B ce6R aHaJIHTH'lecKHecTpyKTypbI np11 YHHBepCHTeTax, HanpHMep LI;eHTp CTpaTerH'leCKHXHCCJie,ll;OBaHHH yHHBepCH:TeTa MblJl,ll;hI3 (Y1ld1z Universitesi Stratejik Ara§tlrmalar Merkezi) HJIH LI;eHTP CTpaTerH'leCKHXHCCJie,11;0BaHHH yHHBepcttTeTa EeH:KeHT (Beykent Universitesi Stratejik Ara§t1rmalar Merkezi).

1 Pocc11ilcKo-TYJ>el\KHe JKOHOM11qecK11e ... C. 32.

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