Vnutrennyaya_politika_Turtsii_2002-2018

Ban~Jih MycTacpa KeMa.Jih ATanopK. IIo,ll, ero PYKOBO,ll,CTBOM Typu;1-u1 CTa.Jia Ha IIYTh cBeTCKOH cTpaHbI H CYMe.Jia BOCCTaHOBHTh cBo:H Me}l(,ll,yttapo,ll,Hbr:H aBTOpHTeT.

B 1938 r. rrocJie CMepTH M. K. ATanopKa rrpe3H,ll,eHTOM cTaJI 11cMeT 11Hemo, rH6KaJI IIOJIHTHKa KOTOporo II03BOJIH.lla OKa3aThCJI Typu;HH cpe,ll,H CTpaH - rro6e,ll,HTe.JihHHu; Bo Brnpo:H MHpoBo:H BOHHe. B u;e.JioM 11. 11Hemo rrpO,ll,OJI)KHJI KypC HapO,ll,HO-pecrry6JIHKaHCKOH rrapTMM, KOTOpbIH H 6bIJI OCHOBOH Typeu;Ko:H BHYTpeHHe:H IIOJIMTMKH BIIJIOTh ,ll,O 1950 r., KOr,ll,a K BJiaCTH rrpHIIIe.JI JIH,ll,ep ,ll,eMoKpaTwrecKo:H rrapTMM ,l{)Ke.JIJIJih EaJip, a BMecTe c HHM COCTOJIJICJI PM H3MeHeHMH, KOTOphre, O,ll,HaKO, He IIOIIIJIH Ha IIOJib3Y TYPeu;- KOMY rocy,ll,apcTBy. 3KOHOMHqecKHe rrpo6JieMhI 11 rrpHTecHeHHJI JIIO,ll,ei:i CTaJIM rrpHqMHOH BOeHHOrO rrepeBopoTa 1960 r., B pe3yJibTaTe KOTOporo rJiaBo:H rocy,ll,apcrna CTa.JI ,l{)KeMa.Jih fIOpCe.Jih.

HoBaJI KOHCTHTYD;HJI 1961 r. YKperrH.Jia rroJio)KeHMe rrpe3H,ll,eHTa. B cooTBeTCTBHH c H3MeHeHHJIMH rJiaBa rocy,ll,apcTBa JIIfqHo Ha3HaqaJI 15 qJieHOB ceHaTa - BTopo:H rra.JiaThI BHCT, KOTOpaJI MorJia Ha.JIO)KHTh BeTo Ha JII06o:H 3aKoHorrpoeKT. KpoMe Toro, rrpe3H,ll,eHT Terrepb o6Jia,ll,aJI rrpaBOM 6e3oTJiaraTeJihHoro BeTO, a 3aKOHbI, IIO,ll,IIHCaHHhie rrpe3H,ll,eHTOM, He MOrJIM 6hITb o6)KaJIOBaHhI HM B O,ll,HOH cy,ll,e6HOH HHCTaHu;MH, BKJIJOqaJI KoHCTHTYl.J;HOHHbIH cy,ll,.

IIpHHJITaJI B 1982 r. KOHCTMTYD;HJI em;e 3HaqHTe.JibHee paCIIIHpH.lla IIOJIHOMoqHJI rrpe3H,ll,eHTa BHYTPH rocy,ll,apcTBa. 0THbIHe OH Mor pacrrycKaTb rrapJiaMeHT, B03rJiaBJIJIJI CoBeT Hau;HoHaJibHo:H 6e3orracHocTH, a TaK)Ke HMe.JI rrpaBo Ha3HaqaTb qJieHoB CoBeTa no BhICIIIeMy o6pa3oBaHHIO, peKTopoB yttHBepc11TeToB, fJiaBHoro rrpoKypopa cTpaHhI, rrpe,ll,Ce,ll,aTe.JIJI BhrcI1Iero Kaccau;110HHoro cy,ll,a, qJieHOB BhrcI1Iero BOeHHoro Kaccau;110HHoro cy,ll,a, qJieHOB BbICIIIero COBeTa cy,ll,eH, rrpoKypopoB H MHOrHX ,ll,pyrHX BbICOKOIIOCTaBJieHHbIX JIHl.I;.

IIapJiaMeHTCKoe 6oJibIIIHHCTBO B 2002 r. rroJiyqH.Jia rrapTHJI crrpaBe,ll,JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTHJI, ,ll,eJITeJibHOCTb KOTOpo:H Ha rrpOTJI)KeHHH 15 JieT rrpaBJieHHJI TaK)Ke 6hma HarrpaBJieHa Ha ,ll,aJihHe:i1I1Iee yKperrJieHHe poJIH rrpe3H- ,ll,eHTa.

KJIJOqeBhIM 3TaIIOM H3MeHeHHH CTaJIH rrorrpaBKM B KOHCTHTYl.J;MIO IIOC.lle pecpepeH,ll,YMa 2007 r. 3a HX BBe,ll,eHHe rrporoJIOCOBaJio rroqTH 69 % Hace.JieHHJI1. TaK, corJiaCHO HOBau;HJIM, cpoK IIOJIHOMOqlfH rrpe3H,ll,eHTa COKpam;a.JICJI c ceMM ,ll,O IIJITM JieT, rrpH 3TOM CHHMa.JIOCb orpaH11qeHHe Ha rrepe1136paHHe. KpoMe Toro, rrpe3H,ll,eHT Terreph H3611paeTCJI B pe3yJihTaTe Bceo6m;11x rrpJIMhrx Bhr6opoB IIYTeM Tai1Horo roJiocoBaHMJI (paHee rrpe3H,ll,eHTa cTpaHhI BhI6HpaJIH ,ll,eIIYTaThI Be.JIHKoro Hau;HoHaJihHoro co6paHHJI). Ha rrocT rrpe3H- ,ll,eHTa MO)KeT Bbl,ll,BHraTbCJI JIHl.l;O, ,ll;OCTHrIIIee 40 JieT, HMeIOm;ee OKOHqeHHOe BbICIIIee o6pa30BaHHe. IIpH 3TOM KaH,ll,H,ll,aTOM Ha IIOCT rJiaBhI rocy,ll,apcTBa MO)KeT cTaTh TOJihKO ,ll,eIIYTaT BHCT, KOTOpbr:H ,ll,OJI)KeH 6brTh 6ecrrapTHH-

1 Official Results 21 October 2007 Constitutional Referendum. URL: http://www.ysk.gov. tr/ysk/docs/2007Referandum/Sonuc/sonucgrafik.pdf.

31

HbIM: ITep~ Bbl,ll;BIDKeHHeM OH ,ll;OJDKeH ITOKHH)'TbpH,ll;bl CBOeH ITapTHH. KaH- ,ZJ;M,ll;aT Ha ITOCT ITpe3M,ll;eHTa ,ll;OJDKeH 6bITb CTaprne 40 JieT, HMeTb 3aKOHqeHHOe BhICrnee o6pa3oBamre.

OpHMeqaTeJibHO, qTo, HeCMOTPH Ha IIIHpOKHe ITOJIHOMOqIDI ITpe3M,ll;eHTa, OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb ero CHJibHO orpaHHqeHa: Bee ero ITOCTaHOBJieHJrn ITPH HCITOJIHeHHH 3aBepHIOTCH JIH6o ITpeMbep-MHHHCTpOM, JIH6o rnaBOH ITpo- <l>HJibHOro MHHHCTepCTBa, KOTOpbie H HeC)'TITpHMYJO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a peaJIH3aQHIO 3aKOHOITpOeKTa.

0pe3M,ll;eHT BITpaBe C03bIBaTb ITapJiaMeHT Ha BHeoqepe,n;Hyro CeCCHIO, pacrryCTHTb ero HJIH Ha3HaqHTh BHeoqepe,n;Hhie Bb16opb1. KpoMe 3Toro, OH YT-

Bep)K,ll;aeT Bee ITpHHHTbie ITapJiaMeHTOM 3aKOHOITpOeKTbl, HMeeT ITpaBo 06parn;aTbCH B KoHCTHTYQHOHHbIH cy,n; ITO ITOBo,n;y ITpHHHTbIX BHCT 3aKoHoB, eCJIH Te, ITO ero MHeHHIO, ITpOTHBOpeqaT OCHOBHOMY 3aKoHy. OOMHMO 3TOro ITpe3M,ll;eHT Ha3HaqaeT ITpeMbep-MHHHCTpa H BCex ITPO<l>HJibHbIX MHHHCTPOB, HaqaJibHHKa feHepaJibHOrO IIITa6a, MO)KeT ITpHHHTb Ha ce6H <l>YHKQHH rJiaBHOKOMaH,n;yIDrn;ero BOOpJ)KeHHbIMH CHJiaMH. fJiaBa rocy,n;apCTBa TaK)Ke co3bIBaeT ITO,ll; CBOHM ITpe,n;ce,n;aTeJibCTBOM CoBeT HaQHOHaJibHOH 6e30ITaCHOCTH, Ha3HaqaeT qneHOB KoHCTHTYQHOHHoro cy,n;a. OpH ITpe3M,ll;eHTe TaK)Ke o6pa3yeTCH CoBeT rocy,n;apCTBeHHOrO KOHTpOJIH, KOTOpbIH ,ll;OJI)KeH CJI~HTb

3a 3<l><l>eKTHBHbIM HCITOJIHeHHeM 3aKOHOB.

0pe3M,ll;eHTY MO)KeT 6hITb 06'bHBJieHHMITHqMeHT, HO TOJibKO B cnyqae <l>aKTa rocy,n;apCTBeHHOH H3MeHbl. CorJiaCHO CT. 105 KOHCTHTYQHH, B Jll06bIX ,n;pyrHx CJiyqaHx o6parn;eHHe B cy,n;e6HyIO HHCTaHQHIO OTHOCHTeJibHO ,n;eiiCTBHH ITpe3M,ll;eHTa He,ZJ;OITYCTHMO. ,lLJm o6'bHBJieHIDIHMITHqMeHTa 1/3 ,n;eITyTaTOB BHCT ,n;OJI)KHa BbIHeCTH 3TO ITP~JIO)KeHHe, a 3aTeM 3/4 ,n;eIT)'TaToB- o,n;o6pHTh ero.

Coset MMHMCTpOB

BTOpbIM ITO paHry ITOCJie ITpe3H,ZJ;eHTa CTOHT ITpeMbep-MHHHCTp, KOTOporo Ha3HaqaeT rJiaBa rocy,n;apCTBa. B o6H3aHHOCTH ITpeMbepa BXO,ll;HT ITpe- ,n;ocTaBJieHHe ITpe3H,ZJ;eHTY Ha paccMOTpeHHe H )'TBep)K,ll;eHHeKaH,n;M,ll;aTOB Ha MHHHCTepCKHe ITOCTbl. OoCJie <l>opMHpOBaHHH ITpaBHTeJibCTBa B TeqeHHe CeMH ,n;HeH OHO o6H3aHO ITp~cTaBHTb CBOIO ITporpaMMY ITapJiaMeHry, KOTOpblH ,n;OJI)KeH o,n;o6pHTh ITporpaMMY H BhIHecTH BOTYM ,n;oBepHH ITpaBHTeJihcrny.

EcJIH BHCT B TeqeHHe 45 ,n;Heii He o,n;o6pHeT ITporpaMMy, ITpe3H,n;eHT BITpaBe pacITyCTHTb 3aKOHO,ZJ;aTeJibHOe co6paHHe H o6'bHBHTbHOBbie BbI6opbI. OpH 3TOM ecJIH ITapJiaMeHTCKoe 6oJihIIIHHCTBO Bbipa)KaeT BOTYM H~o­

BepIDI ITpaBHTeJibCTBy, MHHHCTpbl o6H3aHbl yHTH B OTCTaBey.

Ka6HHeT MHHHCTpOB COCTOHT H3 ITpeMbep-MHHHCTpa, KOTOpbIM c 24 MaH

2016 r. HBJIHeTCH EHHaJIH MbIJI,ll;bipbIM, ero 5 3aMeCTHTeneii H 21 ITpo<l>HJihHoro MHHHCTpa. c 2011 r. 6bIJia TaK)Ke BBe,n;eHa ,ll;OJl)KHOCTb MHHHCTpa ITO ,n;enaM EBpoITeiicKoro co103a. TeKyrn;ee ITpaBHTeJibCTBO ITo,n;,n;ep)KaJIH

315 ,n;eIT)'TaTOBBHCT.

32

Coeet Ha...HoHanbHOH 6e3onacHOCTH (CHS)

OT,n;eJihHoro BHHMamui: 3acJI~1rnaeT CoBeT Hall;HOHaJihHOH 6e3orrac-

HOCTH Typll;HH. B CBOeM HhIHenrneM BH,ZJ;e OH c<l:>opMHpOBaJICH nocJie BOeHHOro nepeBopoTa 1960 r. B KOHCTH~HH 1961 r. OTMe'!aJIOChpaBHOe

noJio:JKeHHe CHE H CoBeTa MHHHCTpoB. TiocJie nepeBopoTa 1980 r., opraHH30BaHHOro CHE, peK0MeH.n;au;1111 ,n;aHHoro opraHa CTaJIH ofornaTeJihHhIM ,Zl;JIJI paCCMOTpeHHJI B npaBHTeJihCTBe, a BJIHJIHHe BOeHHhIX cyiu;ecTBeHHO B03pOCJIO.

0,n;HaKo B XXI B. Typu;ttJI B3JIJia Kypc Ha 06'he,n;11HeH11ec EBponeH:cKHM COI030M, 'ITO3Ha'!HTeJihHOno.n;opBaJio noJio:JKeHHe CHE Ha BHyrp11noJIHTH'leCKOHapeHe, B qaCTHOCTH npH perneHHH rocy.n;apCTBeHHhIX BOnpocoB. B 2003 r. ,ZJ;JIJI cooTBeTCTBHJI KoneHrareHCKHM KpHTepHHM - yCJIOBHIO BCTYMeHHJI B EBpocoI03 - 6hma npoBe,n;eHa pe<l:>opMa coBeTa. B cooTBeTCTBHH c HeH rnaBa CHE Teneph Ha3HaqaeTCJI npeMbep-MHHHCTpoM, np11 3TOM Ha ,ZJ;OJI:lKHOCTh MO:JKeT 6bITh Ha3Ha'!eHOrpa:JK,n;aHCKOe JIHll;O ('ITOH npoH30IImO B 2004 r.). CeKpeTapHaT COBeTa c Tex nop He MO:JKeT ,n;eHCTBOBaTh OT HMeHH npe3H,ZJ;eHTa HJIH npeMbep-MHHHCTpa, a HCIIOJIHeHHe peKOMeH,n;a- ll;HH CHE nepecTaJIO HOCHTh o6JI3aTeJihHhIH xapaKTepl.

CoBeT COCTOHT H3 npe3H,ZJ;eHTa, Ha'laJihHHKafeHrnTa6a, MHHHCTpa Hall;HOHaJihHOH o6opOHhl, MHHHCTpOB BHyrpeHHHX H HHOCTpaHHhIX ,n;eJI, KOMaH,n;YIQlll;HX apMHH, <l:>JIOTa H B03.n;yIDHhIX CHJI, a TaK:JKe rJiaBHOKOMaH.n;y- IOlll;ero :JKaH,n;apMep1111. fJiaBHaJI 3a,n;aqa CoBeTa - co.n;eH:cTBOBaTh npaBHTeJihCTBY B pa3pa6oTKe IIOJIHTHKH Hall;HOHaJihHOH 6e3onacHOCTH.

Cy.n;e6HaJI BeTBh BJiaCTH, KaK H caMa cy.n;e6HaJI CHCTeMa - caMaJI MOJIO-

,ZJ;aJI B Typu;1111. Ee 3aKoHo,n;aTeJihHoe o<l:>opMJieHHe cocTOAAOCh JIHllih c npHHJITHeM KOHCTHTYD;HH B 1961 r. ,l(o 3TOro Bee cy,n;hI 6bIJIH OTBeTCTBeHHhl nepe.n; BHCT.

TiepBaJI pecny6JIHKaHCKaJI KOHCTHTYll;HJI 1924 r. npOB03rJiaCHJia cy,n;hI He3aBHCHMhIMH, a cy.n;e6Hble 3ace,n;aHHJI - OTKphIThIMH. B COOTBeTCTBHH c ,n;aHHhIM 3aKOHOM 6hm c03,n;aH 11 KoHcT11zyu;110HHhIH cy.n;, KOTOphIH JIBJIJIeTCJI BhICrneH: cy.n;e6HoH: HHCTaHu;tteH: TYPeu;Koro rocy.n;apcrna.

Heo6xo,n;HMO OTMeTHTh, 'ITO.n;o He,n;aBHero BpeMeHH OH OCTaBaJICJI .n;eH:- CTBHTeJihHO He3aBHCHMhIM He TOJihKO Ha 6YMare. 06 3TOM CBH,ZJ;eTeJihCTBYIOT ,n;eJia 0 3aKphITHH TiapTHH 6Jiaro,n;eHCTBHJI H .n;o6po,n;eTeJIH, a TaK:lKe npOTHB npaBJilll;eH TiapTHH cnpaBe,ZJ;JIHBOCTH H pa3BHTHJI B 2008 r.

TaKoro po.n;a BCe,ZJ;03BOJieHHOCTh cy,n;oB H cy.n;eH: He MOrJia He 6ecnOKOHTh TICP. XoTJI no.n;o6HaJI cttcTeMa cooTBeTCTBOBaJia np11Hu;11ny pa3,n;eJieHHJI

1 2004 Regular Report on Turkey's progress towards accession. URL: https://ec.europa. eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sitesI near/files/archives/pdf. /key_documents /2004/rr_ tr_2004_en.pdf.

33

BJiaCTeH, OHa HHKaK He eoBna,n;an:a e HHTepeeaMH napTHH, B oeo6eHHOeTH ee JIH,ll;epoB. B eB.H3H e 3THM napTHeH 6hm npe,n,npHH.HT PM Mep, orpaHHqHBaIDIQHX He3aBHeHMOeTb ey,Z1;e6HOH eHeTeMbI. HaH6oJiee eepbe3HhIMH H3 HHX eTan:H ITOITpaBKH B KOHeTHT)'ll;HIO,npHH.HThie B 2010 r. CornaeHO HOBOBBe,ll;e- HH.HM, KOJIHqeeTBO qneHOB ey,ll;a BbipOeJIO ,ll;O 17, O,ll;HaKO 14 H3 HHX Ha3Haqan:Heb ITpe3H,ll;eHTOM.

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OT,ll;eJibHO eToHT OTMeTHTh KoHeTHTYQHOHHbIH ey,ll;, qbH pellleHHH He MOryT 6hITb o6)KaJIOBaHbI. Tpe6oBaHH.H, ITpe,ll;'bHBJIHeMbieK ey,ll;hHM KoHeTHTYQHOHHoro ey,ll;a, TaKOBhl: 15 JieT IOpH,ll;HqeeKoro eTa)Ka H B03paeT eTapllle 40 JieT. Cy,ll; paeeMaTPHBaeT 3aKOHbl H ITOeTaHOBJieHH.H Ha ITpe,ll;MeT eOOTBeTeTBHH KOHeTHTYQHH, qTo eTporo ,ll;OJI)KHO 6bITb e,Z1;eJiaHO B ITepBbie

10 ,ll;HeH ITOeJie ITPHH.HTH.H 3aKOHOnpoeKTa.

Cy,ll; He HMeeT ITpaBa paeeMaTpHBaTb noeTaHOBJieHHH, ITpHH.HTbie ITPH qpe3Bb1qai1:HoM ITOJIO)KeHHH HJIH B CJiyqae BOHHbI. Bee ero pellleHH.H oKoHqaTeJibHbI, ITPH 3TOM OH He HMeeT ITpaBa ITPH OTMeHe 3aKOHa yCTaHaBJIHBaTb KaKHe-JIH6o HOBbie o6H3aTeJibHbie ,ll;JIR HeITOJIHeHHH HOpMbI.

Cy,ll;OM ITOeJie,ll;HeH HHeTaHQHH a,ll;MHHHeTpaTHBHOH IOpHe,ll;HKQHH HBJIHeTe.H foey,Z1;apeTBeHHhIH eoBeT (,l(aHbllIITaH), KOTOpbIH eoeTOHT H3 43 qJieHOB. 32 H3 HHX H36Hpa10Te.H BhielIIHM eoBeTOM ey,ll;eH H ITpoKypopoB, eIQe 11 Ha3HaqaroTeH ITpe3H,ll;eHTOM. B o6.H3aHHOeTH roey,ll;apeTBeHHOro eoBeTa BXO,ll;HT H3yqeHHe ITpoeKTOB yeTaBOB, KOHBeHQHH H ,Z1;oroBopoB, a TaJOKe KOHeyJihTaQHH ITpaBHTeJibeTBa ITO ITpHHHMaeMbIM 3aKOHOITpOeKTaM.

CHeTeMa a,ll;MHHHeTpaTHBHbIX ey,Z1;0B B ITpOBHHQHH ITpe,ll;eTaBJieHa a,n;MHHHeTpaTHBHbIMH eoBeTaMH H HaJioroBO-ITpeTeHQH03HbIMH KOMHeeHHMH, KOTOpbie o6H3aHbl paeeMaTpHBaTb )KaJI06bI Ha ,Z1;ei1:eTBHH opraHOB yITpaBJieHHH HJIH ,ll;OJI)KHOeTHhIX JIHQ. Cy,ll;aMH BTOpOH HHeTaHQHH HBJl.HIOTCH oeHOBHbie ey,ll;bl (aCJIHe), KOTOpbie ,ll;eHeTByIDT B QeHTpax ITpOBHHQHH H KpyrrHbIX ropo,Z1;ax. 0HH ITO,ll;pa3,ll;eJI.HIOTeH Ha ey,ll;bl Tpex BH,ll;OB: oeHOBHOH ey,ll; ITO oeo6o TH)KKHM yroJIOBHbIM ITpeCTyITJieHHHM (BITpaBe BbIHeeTH ITpHroBOp 0 TIOpeMHOM 3aKJIIOqeHHH OT ITHTH JieT ,ll;O ITO)KH3HeHHOrO); oeHOBHOH ey,ll; no yroJIOBHbIM ,ll;eJiaM (BbIHOeHT HaKa3aHHH OT O,ll;HOro ro,ll;a TIOpbMbl ,ll;O IIHTH JieT); OeHOBHOH ey,ll; ITpaBoey,ll;HH ITO rpa)K,ll;aHeKHM H KOMMepqeeKHM ,ll;eJiaM (HeKH eBblllle 2 Tbie. JIHp, eITopbI no TOproBO-KOMMepqeeKHM

34

c,ll;eJIKaM 11 ,n;eJia o HecocTOHTeJibHOCT11) 1. HaKoHeu;, M11p0Bb1e cy,n;hI paccMaTPl1BaIOT rp(l)K,ll;aHcKo-npaBoBbie 11 yroJIOBHbie cnopbI. B 11x KOMneTeHu;mo BXO,ll;HT ,D;eJia no npaBOHapyrneHl1HM, npe,n;ycMaTp11BaJOru;l1M 3a,n;ep)f<aHl1e HJil1 TIOpeMHOe HaKa3aHl1e cpoKOM OT O,ll;HOro ,ll;HH ,n;o O,ll;HOro ro,n;a, a TaIOKe rpmK,ll;aHcK11e HCK11 Ha CYMMY MeHee 2 TbIC. JI11p2.

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A,n;M11Hl1CTpaTl1BHbIH cy,n; ocyru;eCTBJIHeT Ha,D;30p 3a cnopaMH, B03HHKaJOII.J;HMl1 113 a,D;Ml1HHCTpaTHBHbIX aKTOB 11 3aTPar11BaJOiu;l1MH BOeHHbIH nepCOHaJI. Kaccau;HOHHbIH cy,n; HBJIHeTCH BbICllieH aneJIJIHI.J;HOHHOH l1HCTaHu;11ett no np11roBopaM BOeHHbIX cy,n;oB. TioCJie,D;Hl1e yqpe)l(,ll;aJOTCH Ml1Hl1CTepCTBOM Hau;ttoHaJibHOH o6opOHbI H paccMaTp11BaJOT ,n;eJia, Kacaroiu;tteCH BOeHHbIX npeCTynJieH11H 11 npeCTYTIJieHl1H npOTl1B BOeHHbIX3.

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1 BepxoBHhIH Cy,11 PoccIIHCKOH <Pe,11epal(IIII. PoccIIHCKIIH rocy,11apCTBeHHhIH yHIIBepcIITeT rrpaaocy,11IDI. URL: http://www.raj.ru/?mod=news&id=622.

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35

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1 B Typ111111 HaqaJICH peqiepeHp;YM o rrorrpaBKax B KoHCTHT)'llHJO. URL: https://ria.ru/ world/20170416/1492337288.html.

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38

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1Historic inflation Turkey. URL: http://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/turkey/historic- inflation/cpi-inflation-turkey.aspx.

2Mehmet Yal<;m. Evaluation of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis' Effects on Turkish Economy. Is it tangential? May 2012. URL: https://www.academia.edu/1564330/Effect_ of_2008_Global_Financial_Crisis_over_Turkey.

39

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2 TaM lKe.

3 Mlllloweewl 3. O rroJI11T11Ke CTapT1111 crrpaae.a;JI11BocT11 11 pa3Bl1TIDI Typel\KOH Pecrry6JI11K11. URL: http://ruskline.ru/analitika/2010/8 /23 I o_politike_partii_spravedlivosti_i_ razvitiya_tureckoj_respubliki/.

4 Tax Policy Reforms in Turkey. OECD Report. URL: https://www.oecd.org/tax/taxpolicy/37154710.pdf.

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