Vneshnyaya_politika_Turtsii_2002-2018_2020

ISBN 978-5-534-11744-8

B yqe6HoM rroco61111 paccMaTpttBaJOTCH pa3Jill'IHhieacrreKThl BHell!HerroJI11T1!'IeCKoroKypCa Typel\KOH Pecrry6JIHKll Ha COBpeMeHHOM 3Tarre. AKl\eHT p;eJiaeTCH Ha rrpaBOBhie, opraH1!3al\1!0HHhle, np;eiiHo-11eHHOCTHhie OCHOBhl BHell!HeH IIOJI1IT1IK1!. PaccMaTpHBaJOTCll KJIJO'IeBhieJlllHllll BHell!HeIIOJ!llTl!'IeCKOroKypca - B OTHOilleHllll CTpaH 3arrap;a ll BOCTOKa, IIOCTCOBeTCKOro rrpocTpaHCTBa. Oco6oe BHHMaHtte yp;em1eTCH B3attMop;eiicTBHJO AHKaphI 11 Poccnn.

CooTBeTCTByeT aKryaJihHhIM TPe6oBaHHHM <I>ep;epaJihHoro rocyp;apcTBeHHOro o6pa3oBaTeJihHOro cTaH,'\apTaBhICll!ero o6pa3oBaH1!H.

lloco6ue MO:HCem 6btmb ucnoJLb3oBaHo cmyi'JeHmaMu, 06y1w10U{UMUCR no Ha-

npaBJLeHUHM «Me:HCi'!yttapoi'!Hoe pezuonoeei'!enue», «Me:HCi'!yttapoi'!HbLe omnowe-

HWI», «MupoBaJI noJLumuKa», a maK:HCe BCeMU, Kmo U3y'laem BttewnenoJLumu'le-

cKuii KYPC Typ4uu.

Y,llK 327(075.8)

EEK 66.4(0)H73

Bee npaBa 3U11!U11!eHbl. HUKUKW! 'lUCffib OUHIWU KHUW He MOJK:em 6&Lffib BocnpOU3BeOeHa BKaKoii 6&1 mo Hu 6&uio <ftopMe 6e3 nuc&.MettttowpmpeiueHUR BJ1aovz&4eB aBmopcKuxnpaB.

fJiaBa 4. Typu;HH Mem.zi;y BocTOKOM 11 3ana,zi;oM: 3ana,zi;Hoe

B HacTOHI.Qee BpeMH perttoH EJimirnero BocToKa ttrpaeT KJIIoqeBYJO pOJib B npoQeccax, IIpOHCXO,lVII.QHX Ha Me)K,ll;yttapo,n;HOH apeHe, KOTOpbie, KaK npaBHJIO, onpe,n;eJieHbl BHenrneIIOJIHTH:qecKHM KypCOM yqacTBYJOI.QHX B HHX rocy,n;apcTB. Cpe,n;H Hatt6oJiee aKTHBHbIX H BJIHHTeJibHbIX CTpaH perHOHa MO)KHO BbI,ZJ;eJIH:Tb MOHapXHH IlepCH,ZJ;CKOro 3aJIHBa, BKJIIOqaf! Cay,n;oBCKYJO ApaBHIO H KaTap, a TaK)Ke YKPeIIJIHIOI.QHH CBOH II03HQHH l1paH.

0,n;HaKO 6oJiee no,n;po6HO CTOHT OCTaHOBHTbCfl Ha rocy,n;apCTBe, KOTOpoe Ha IIpOTH)KeHHH MHOroJieTHeif HCTOpHH <PaKTH:qecKH HrpaJIO pOJib MHpOBoro JIH,ZJ;epa, aero COBpeMeHHbIH BHeIIIHeIIOJIHTH:qecKHH Kypc H cero,n;HH npHMO HJIH KOCBeHHO BJIH:HeT Ha MH:poBYJO IIOJIHTHey.

Peqb H,ZJ;eT o TypeQKOH: Pecny6JIHKe - OTHOCHTeJihHO MOJIO.ZJ;OM rocy,n;apcTBe EJitt)KHero BocToKa, HCTOpHH cyI.QeCTBOBaHHH KOTOporo He npeBbIIIIaeT 100 JieT. 0,n;HaKO no,n; TaKOH nepHO,ZJ;H3aQHeif no,n;pa3yMeBaeTCfl TOJibKO pecny6JIHKaHCKHH :nan. MHoroJieTHee cyIQeCTBOBaHtte OcMaHcKoif HMnepHH no-npe)KHeMy ocTaeTcH HeOT'beMJieMoifqacTblO HCTOpHH COBpeMeHHOH TypQHH, 3HaqH:TeJibHO yBeJIHqH:Baf! nepHO,ZJ; pa3BHTHH H cPYHKQHOHHpOBaHHH rocy,n;apCTBa.

Pecny6JIHKaHcKaH TypQHH 6bIJia OCHOBaHa B 1923 r. TIO HToraM HaQHOHaJihHo-ocBo6o,n;ttTeJibHOH BOHHbI B pe3yJibTaTe no,n;nHcaHHH Jlo3aHHCKoro ,n;oroBopa, 3aKpenHBIIIero coBpeMeHHhie rocy- ,n;apcTBeHHhie rpaHHQbl. TypQHH HaIIIHX ,n;Heif npe,n;cTaBJIHeT co6oH: He6oJibIIIOe TIO cpaBHeHHIO c ,n;pyrHMH perHOHaJibHblMH If MHpoBbIMH ,n;ep)KaBaMH rocy,n;apcTBO, pacnoJiara101.QeecH Ha ,n;Byx KOHTHHeHTax - eBponeifcKOM (3 % OT BceH: TeppHTOpHH) H a3HaTCKOM.

TypeQKaH Pecny6JIHKa o6Jia,n;aeT HCKJIIOqHTeJibHhIM npaBOM c,n;ep)KHBaTb ,n;Ba Ba)KHeHIIIHX co CTpaTerHqeCKOH TOqKif 3peHHH qepHoMopcKHX npoJIHBa - Eoc<Pop H ,ZJ;ap,n;aHeJIJihI, BblIIOJIHHJOI.QHX pOJib CBH3YJOI.Qero 3BeHa Me)K,ll;y qepHblM If 3rei1:CKHM MOpHMH. TaKOe reorpa<PttqecKoe pacnoJIO)KeHtte no3BOJIHeT roBopHTb o cTpa-

TerHqecKoM npeHMyI.QeCTBe TypQHH nepe,n; MHOrHMH ,n;pyrHMH ,n;ep)KaBaMH H npeBpaI.QaeT ee B O,ZJ;Horo H3 Ba)KHeHIIIHX HrpOKOB perHOHa If o,n;Hy H3 rJiaBHbIX perHOHaJibHbIX CHJI.

qTO KacaeTCH BHeIIIHeif IIOJIHTHKH rocy,n;apCTBa, TO YTBep)K- ,n;aTb, qTo TypQHH HBJIHeTCfl npHBep)KeHQeM KaKOrO-TO KOHKpeTHOro BHeIIIHeIIOJIHTHqecKoro Kypca, HeJih3H. TypeQKOH Pecny6JIHKe cBoifcTBeHHO H3MeHHTb BHeIIIHenoJIHTH:qecKtte optteHTHpbI H JierKO npHcnoca6JIHBaTbCfl K HOBblM - 3TO H HBJIHeTCH OTJIH:qH:TeJibHOH qepToif TYPeQKOH IIOJIHTHKH.

BHeIIIHJOJO noJIHTHKY CTpaHhI MO)KHO yCJioBHO pa3,n;eJIHTb Ha ,n;Ba neptto,n;a: npo3ana,n;HhIH, ,n;JIH KOToporo xapaKTepHo pa3BHTHe ,n;e- MOKpaTHqecKHX H cBeTCKHX QeHHOCTeif, If npOHCJiaMCKHH, KOTOpbIH, B CBOIO oqepe,n;h, OTJIHqaeTCH KOHCepBaTH3aQtteH: 061.QeCTBa H pa3BOpOTOM Ha BocTOK (coBpeMeHHbIH 3Tan).

Cero,n;HH nptt ocyI.QeCTBJieHHH BHeIIIHeif noJIHTHKH TypQl1H pyKOBO.ZJ;CTByeTCfl KOHQeIIQHHMH, HaQeJieHHbIMl1 Ha nponaraH,n;y ocMaHCKHX QeHHOCTeif H npeo6pa30BaHHe rocy,n;apCTBa B Ha,n;perHOHaJibHYJO ,n;ep)KaBy.

Yq11TbIBaH BHeIIIHenoJI11Tttqecey10 HecTa611JihHOCTb H cTpeMJieHHe TypQHH K IIOCTOHHHbIM nepeMeHaM, yCTaHaBJIHBaTb napTHepCKl1e OTHOIIIeHHH, a TaK)Ke 3KOHOMHqecK11e CBH311 c TaKl1M 11rpOKOM

He BCer,n;a 6e3onaCHO. B pOCCHHCKO-TYPeQKHX OTHOIIIeHHHX HarJifl,ZJ;- HblM np11MepoM 3Toro c~,n;eHHH CJIY)Kl1T 11HQH,ZJ;eHT co c611TbIM

pocrnifcKHM Cy-24 B HOH6pe 2015 r. Tor,n;a TypeQKaH Pecny6JIHKa CBOHMH ,n;ei1:CTBl1HMH IIpHMO yKa3aJia Ha TO, qero OT Hee MO)KHO O)KH,ZJ;aTb, IIO,ZJ;TBep,n;11B Bee ,ZJ;OBO,ZJ;bl 06 H3MeHqlfBOCTH CBOeH: IIOJil1T11Kl1 11 ,n;aB c11rHaJI K Heo6xo,ZJ;l1MOCTH npHCTaJibHOro Ha6JIJO,ZJ;eH11H 3a ,n;eifCTBl1HMl1 CTpaHbl.

qT06bI IIOHH:MaTb HanpaBJieHHf! BHeIIIHeif IIOJll1Tl1Kl1 TypeQKOH Pecny6JIHKl1, nporH0311pOBaTb ee IIOBe,n;eH11e 11 ,n;aJihHeHIIIHe IIIarH, Heo6xo,n;11M KOMIIJieKCHbIH aHaJIH3 Ka)K,ZJ;OH cocTaBJIHIOI.Qeif BHeIIIHeIIOJil1Tl1qecKOH ,n;eHTeJibHOCTl1 rocy,n;apCTBa, Haq11HaH OT 3aKOHO- ,n;aTeJibHOH 6a3bl, peryJI11py101.QeH: ocyI.QeCTBJieHl1e BHeIIIHeIIOJI11Tl1qecKoro Kypca, H 3aKaHq11BaH OT,ZJ;eJibHblMl1 OTpacJIHMH BHeIIIHeH IIOJIHTHKH, aKTHBHO IIpHMeHHIOI.Ql1M11CH TypQHeif B OTHOIIIeHHHX c ,n;pyr11M11 rocy,n;apcrnaM11 Me)K,ll;yHapo,n;Hoif apeHbI.

,ll;JIH PoccHifcKoif <l>e,n;epaQHH B ycJIOBHHX TecHoro s3aHMo,n;eH:- cTBHH 11 co6cTBeHHOro HHTepeca TaKHe 3a,n;aqH nptto6peTaJOT oco6y10 3HaqHMOCTb, a OT CTeIIeHl1 H3yqeHHOCTH rocy,n;apCTBanapTHepa HanpHMYIO 3aBHCHT 3cPcPeKTHBHOCTb .ZJ;BYCTOpOHHero coTPY.ZJ;HifqecTBa no QeJIOMY pH,n;y BonpocoB.

¥I3yqem1e npe.z:viaraeMoro noco6ttH TI03BOJIHT:

3HUffib

•npe,n;MeT H3yqeHHJI «BHeIIIHJIJI H BHyrpeHHJIJI TIOJIHTH:Ka coBpeMeHHOM TypeI.J,KOM Pecny6JIHKH», co,n;ep:>KaHH:e OCHOBHbIX HayqHbIX TIO,ll;XO,ll;OB K H3yqeHmO Me:>K,n;yttapo,n;HbIX OTHOIIIeHHM;

•KOHI.J,enryaJihHYlO 6a3y, 3aKOHOMepHOCTH, Mo,n;eJIH H MexaHH3Mbl Me:>K,n;yHapo,n;Horo pa3BHTHJI TypeI.J,KOM Pecny6JIHKH B HCTOpwieCKOM peTpocneKTHBe H nepcneKTHBe;

yMemb

•onepttpOBaTh TIOHJITHJIMH H KaTeropHHMH HaYKH 0 Me:>K,n;yttapo,n;HhIX OTHOIIIeHHJIX, aHaJIH3HpOBaTh <PeHOMeHhI H <l>aKTbI, C03- ,n;aHHhie B pe3yJihTaTe pa3BHTHJI Me:>K,n;yttapo,n;HbIX OTHOIIIeHHM, B03HHKaIOII.J,He B CBJI3H c HHMH Me:>K,n;yttapo,n;Ho-npaBOBhie OTHOIIIeHHJI;

•npaBHJibHO npHMeHJITb H HCTIOJib30BaTb H,n;eH COBpeMeHHbIX HCTOpHKOB H TIOJIHTOJIOroB;

•OI.J,eHHBaTh 34>4>eKTHBHOCTb yperyJIHpOBaHH:JI npo6JieM Me:>K- ,n;yHapo,n;HhIX OTHOIIIeHHM H yqaCTHJI B HHX TypeI.J,KOM Pecny6JIHKH;

•HCTIOJib30BaTb nptto6peTeHHble HaBbIKH Ha npaKTHKe;

BJZademb

•HaBhIKaMH aHaJIH3a aKTyaJibHbIX 3aKOHOMepHOCTeM pa3BHTHJI cTpaH EJIH:>KHero BocToKa H A:mtt, a TaK:>Ke Me:>K,n;yttapo,n;HhIX OTHOIIIeHHM;

•HaBbIKaMH pa6oTbl c ,ll;OKyMeHTaMH, Tpy,n;aMH HCTOpHKOB H TIOJIHTOJIOroB;

•CHCTeMHbIM aHaJIH30M, cpaBHHTeJibHO-HCTOpttqecKHM, KOH- KpeTHO-HCTOpttqeCKHM H ,n;pyrHMH MeTo,n;aMH HCCJie,n;oBaHHM;

•HaBbIKaMH aHaJIH3a pa3JIH:qHbIX KOHI.J,eTII.J,HM H TeOpHM B Me:>K- ,n;yttapo,n;HhIX OTHOIIIeHHJix;

•HaBhIKaMH HCCJie,n;oBaHHJI TIOJIHTH:qecKHX npou.eccoB, CI10co6HOCTblO caMOCTOJITeJibHO ocyII.J,eCTBJIJITb HayqHO-HCCJie,n;oBa- TeJibCKYlO ,n;eJITeJibHOCTb B COOTBeTCTBYlOII.J,eM npo<PeccttoHaJibHOM o6JiaCTH;

•HaBhIKaMH aHaJIHTttqecKoro no,n;xo,n;a K peaJIHJIM BHyrpttnoJIHTttqecKoif H Me)K,ll;yHapo,n;HOM )KH:3HH Typll,HH, ee pOJIH B COBpeMeHHOM CHCTeMe Me:>K,n;yttapO,ll;HbIX OTHOIIIeHHM.

rnasa 1

3AKOHOAATEn bHAff 6A3A BHEWHEnonMTM'fECKOronPOUECCA TYPEUKOA PECnY&nMKM

BHernHenoJIHTttqecKHM npou.ecc coBpeMeHHOM Typeu.Koif Pecny6JIHKH BO MHOrOM onpe,n;eJieH npHHI.J,ImaMH, KOTOpbie 6bIJIH 3aJIO)KeHhI ee ocHoBaTeJieM M. K. ATaTropKOM nptt o6pa3oBaHHH rocy,n;apCTBa H CTaJIH <l>yH,n;aMeHTaJibHOM OCHOBOM He TOJibKO BHyrpeHHeM, HO H BHeIIIHei1 TIOJIHTHKH. BTIJIOTb ,n;o HaCTOJIII.J,ero BpeMeHH TaKHe npHHI.J,HTibl, KaK pecny6JIHKaHH3M, 3TaTH3M (rocy,n;apCTBeHHOe peryJittpoBaHHe B 3KOHOMH:Ke)' HaI.J,HOHaJIH3M (yttHTapH3M), Hapo,n;HOCTb, JiaHI.J,H3M (cBeTCKOCTb) H peBOJIIOI.J,H- OHHOCTh (BepHOCTb npHHI.J,HTiaM peBOJilOI.J,HH)'He yrpaTHJIH CBO- e:H 3HaqH:MOCTH H aKTHBHO HCilOJib3YIOTCJI rocy,n;apCTBOM npH ocyII.J,eCTBJieHHH BHeIIIHeilOJIHTH:qecKoro KypCa.

HaqttHaJI c nepBoif noJIOBHHhI XX B. TypI.J,HJI 6h1Jia optteHTttpoBaHa Ha 3ana,n;. 0TJIHqHTeJihHOM qepTOM TYPeI.J,KOM noJIHTHKH Toro BpeMeHH JIBJIJIJiach peaJitt3aI.J,HJI np03ana,n;Horo Kypca, HO nptt 3TOM - c coxpaHeHHeM co6cTBeHHblX Tpa,n;HI.J,HM.

<l>aKTH:qeCKH Typll,HH ,n;oJirOe BpeMJI y,n;aBaJIOCb COBMeII.J,aTh ,n;eMOKpaTH:qecKHe npHHI.J,HTibl HapH,n;y c Tpa,n;HI.J,HJIMH BOCTOKa, B qaCTHOCTH c HCJiaMCKHMH I.J,eHHOCTJIMH, KOTOpbie Ha npOTJI)KeHHH ,ll;OJirHX JieT OKa3bIBaJIH onpe,n;eJieHHOe BJIHJIHHe KaK Ha BHYTPHTIOJIHTHqecKHM CTpoM:, TaK H Ha npHHI.J,Hilbl Be,n;eHHJI IlOJIHTHKH.

BHeIIIHJIJI TIOJIHTH:Ka BCer,n;a 6bIJia H OCTaeTCJI oco6o Ba)KHOM qaCTblO <l>YHKI.J,HOHH:pOBaHHJI Typell,KOM rocy,n;apcTBeHHOCTH, noCKOJibKY COBpeMeHHYJO TypI.J,HlO c pH,ll;OM CTpaH o6'he,ll;HHJIIOTKYJibTypHbie H 3KOHOMttqecKtte CBH3H. Cero,n;HH Typeu.KaJI Pecny6JittKa CTapaeTCJI B3aHMO,n;eMCTBOBaTb H pa3BHBaTh OTHOIIIeHHJI B pa3JIHqHbIX perHOHaX Mttpa, ycTaHaBJIHBaJI napTHepCKHe KOHTaKTbl

co MHO:>KeCTBOM CTpaH, Haq1rnaJ1 OT .a;ep:>KaB BocToKa If 3aKaHqlfBaJ! rocy.a;apCTBaMH 110CTCOBeTCKOrO 11pocTpaHCTBa, He l'.ICKJIIOqaJ( H cTpaHhI 3a11a.a;a.

TaKoe CTpeMJieHHe K Be,a;eHmo MHOrOBeKTOpHOH 110Jll'.1Tl'.1Kll 06'bJ.1CHJ.1eTCJ.1, Bo-11epBbIX, CTpeMJieHHeM 11paBJ.1IIJ;l'.IXKpyroB BhlBeCTI'.1TypQHIO Ha ypoBeHh MllpOBhIX .a;ep:>KaB, a BO-BTOpbIX, 3THlfqecKOH 11pHHa,a;Jie:>KHOCThlO rypoK K TIOpKCKOMY 3THOcy, 3aHHMaJOrn;eMy o6urnpHyJO reorpaqrnqecKyJO TeppHTOpHIO OT CH6HpH

.a;o EaJIKaH.

KpoMe 3Toro, o,a;HHM l'.13Ba:>KHeHIIIHX Ha11paBJieHHH BHeIIIHe110JIHTlfqecKoH ,a;eJ.ITeJihHOCTll TypQHll J.!BJIJ.!eTCJ.! C03,ll;aHHe co6cTBeH - HOH 110,ll;Cl'.ICTeMbl Me:>K,a;yHapO,ll;HhlX OTHOIIIeHHH - TIOpKCKOro MHpa. ,lVIJ.I ::icpcpeKTl'.IBHOHpeaJIH3aQl'.lll11epeqlfcJieHHhIX If .a;pyrHX QeJieH BHeIIIHel10Jll'.ITl'.lqecKHH11p0Qecc rocy.a;apCTBa peryJIHpyeTCJ.! If Bbipa6aThIBaeTCJ.! QeJiblM pH,ll;OM KOMl1eTeHTHhIX 3aKOHO,ll;aTeJibHhIX If l'.ICl10JIHHTeJibHhlXopraHOB 11pll 11pJ.IMOM yqacTl'.lllB 3Tl'.IX 11p0Qeccax rocy.a;apcTBeHHhIX CTPYKTYP·

1.1. OcHOBHble HOpMaTMBHo-npaBOBble AOKyMeHTbl

MAeHrenbHOCTb MMA TypQMM

lfa pa3HOo6pa3l'.IJ.!,ll;OKyMeHTOB, ,ll;OKTpllH If .a;pyrHX HOpMaTl'.IB- H0-11paBOBhIX aKTOB, peryJIHPYIOIIJ;l'.IXBHeII1Hel10Jil'.ITlfqecKHH11poQecc, 11pe:>K,ll;e Bcero Heo6xo,a;HMO y110MJ.1HYTh o caMOM rJiaBHOM, 3aHHMaJOrn;eM BblCIIIlle 1103l'.1QllllB 11paBOBOH HepapXllll rocy.a;apCTBa - KOHCTHTYQllll. XOTJ.! c MOMeHTa ee 11pl'.IHJ.!Tl'.IJ.CHTyaQl'!.IJ.! Ha Me:>K,a;yHapO,ll;HOH apeHe, KaK If BHeII1Hel10Jil'.ITl'.lqecKHeopHeHTllpbl TypQHll, 11peTep11eJIH 3HaqlfTeJihHbie l'.13MeHeHHJ.!,11pllJ.IThIH B 1982 r. B pe3yJihTaTe BoeHHoro 11epeBoporn .a;oeyMeHT, o6Jia,a;a- JOIIJ;HH BhlCIIIeH IOpll,ll;IfqecKOH Cl'.IJIOH,J.!BJIJ.!eTCJ.! OCHOBOH BHeIIIHeH 110Jll'.1Tl'.1KllCOBpeMeHHOH TypQl'.lll.

KoHcTHTYQl'.IJ.!TypeQKOH Pec11y6JIHKH 3aKpe11JIJ.1eT 110JIHOMoqHJ.1, KOTOphIMH 06J1a,a;aIOT rocy.a;apcTBeHHhie CTPYKTYPhI H 11epBhie JIHQa rocy.a;apcTBa B ccpepe 06ec11eqeHl'.IJ.!H peaJIH3aQHH BHeIIIHe110JIHTHqecKoH ,a;eJ.ITeJibHOCTll.

TaK, corJiacHo CT. 104, 11pe3H,a;eHT CTpaHhI o6Jia,a;aeT 11paBOM BbIHeceHHJ.! peIIIeHl'.IJ.!0 11pHMeHeHl'.lllBOOpJ:>KeHHhIX Cl'.IJI,paTHcpllKaQl'.lll.a;oroBopoB, a TaK:>Ke 06 oT11paBKe 11pe.a;crnBHTeJieH rocy.a;apCTBa 3a py6e:>K. Ilo.a; 11pe.a;ce,a;aTeJibCTBOM 11pe3H,ll;eHTa 11pOBO,ll;J.!TCJ.! 3ace.a;aHl'.IJ.!CoBeTa Ml'.IHl'.ICTpOB, KOMl1eTeHQl'.llOKOTOporo, B CBOIO

oqepe.a;h, BXO,ll;HT o6'hJ.IBJieHHepe:>KHMa qpe3Bh1qaHHoro H Boe1rnoro 110JIO:>KeHHH, a TaK:>Ke M06l'.IJIH3aQHl'.I.

OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh 3a 06ec11eqeHHe 6e3011acHOCTH rocy.a;apcTBa HeceT CoBeT HaQHOHaJihHOH 6e3011acHOCTH, a HMeHHO - 6a30Bhie Ml'.IHl'.ICTpbI,HaqaJihHl'.IKreHepaJihHOro IIITa6a If HaqaJihHl'.IKllBll,ll;OB BOOpJ:>KeHHhlX Cl'.IJI1,

HecMOTPJ.I Ha TO qTo ,a;aHHaJ.I KoHCTHTYQHJ.I, KaK H 11epeqHcJieHHb1e 110JIO:>KeHHJ.!, J.!BJIJ.!IOTCJ.! ,a;eHCTBYIOIIJ;l'.IMll,B a11peJie 2017 r. B TypQHH 11poIIIeJI pecpepeH.a;yM o BHeceHHH 11011paBOK B rnaBHhIH 3aKOH CTpaHhl, 11pe.a;110JiaraJOIIJ;l'.IX3HaqHTeJibHOe paCIIIHpeHl'.le110JIHOMOqlfH 11pe3l'.l,ll;eHTa,B TOM qifcJie If TaKHX: o6'hJ.IBJieHHeqpe3BbIqaHHOrO 110JIO:>KeHHJ.!, pecpopMHpoBaHHe Ml'.IHl'.ICTepcTB,l'.13,ll;aHHe yKa30B, B TOM qifCJie If B ccpepe BHeIIIHel10JII'.1Tl'.lqecKOroperyJIHpoBaHHJ.!, He Tpe6yJOrn;Hx o.a;o6peHHJ.I 11apJiaMeHTa2.

0CHOBHblM opraHOM, OTBeqaJOIIJ;l'.IM3a cpopMHpOBaHHe If ocyrn;ecTBJieHHe BHeII1Hel10Jll'.ITl'.lqecKoroKypca, OCTaeTCJ.! MHHl'.1- CTepcTBO l'.IHOCTpaHHhlX,a;eJI (MM.LO TypeQKOH Pec11y6JIHKI'.I,KOTopoe ocyrn;ecTBJIJ.!eT CBOIO ,a;eJ.ITeJihHOCTh Ha OCHOBaHHll 3aKOHa

NQ 6004 o c03,a;aHHH H 3a,a;aqax MHHHcTepcTBa HHOCTpaHHhIX ,a;eJI. MHTepecHO, qTO B KaqeCTBe O,ll;HOH l'.13OCHOB0110JiaraJOrn;Hx 3a- ,a;aq 3aKoHoM 011pe,a;eJIJ.1eTCJ.1 110.a;.a;ep:>KKa cpopMHposaHHJ.I H yKpe11JieHHJ.1 Ha perHoHaJihHOM If MllpOBOM 11pocTpaHCTBe TaKOH o6CTaHOBKll, KOTOpM c11oco6cTBOBaJia 6bI c11paBe,ll;Jil'.IBOCTllIf pa3Bl'.1Tl'.llOTaKoe. Heo,a;H03HaqHoe 110Jio:>KeHHe H 110.a;o6Hb1e eMy rosopJ.IT o TOM, qTo, ,a;a:>Ke l'.1311epBoro 11yHKTa B c11HcKe 3a,a;aq MM,.U TypQllll CTaHOBl'.ITCJ.!J.!CHa CYTh BCeH BHeIIIHeH 110Jll'.1Tl'.1Kllrocy.a;apCTBa - TypeQKaJ.I Pec11y6JIHKa Ha rocy.a;apcTBeHHOM ypoBHe OTKphITO If cephe3HO 3aJ.1BJIJieT 0 TOM, qTO Bl10JIHe MO:>KeT CTaTh TOH Cl'.IJIOH,KOTOpaH c11oco6Ha peryJIHposaTb He TOJihKO perHOHaJibHbie, HO If Me:>K,a;yHapO,ll;Hble 11poQeCCbl cospeMeHHOCTll, TeM caMbIM ,a;eMOHCTpHpyH CBOI'.IaM6HQllll If 11peTeH3llll Ha pOJih O,ll;HOH

l'.13MllpOBbIX .a;ep:>KaB.

IlpHMepHO TaKHe :>Ke 110Ch1Jlhl Ha6JIJO,ll;aJOTCJI B HHcpOpMaQI'.1- 0HHhIX l'.ICTOqHHKax,pa3Mern;eHHhlX Ha ocpHQl'.laJibHOMcaHTe Ml'.1- Hl'.ICTepcTBa,r.a;e oco6eHHO 110,a;qepKHBaeTCJ.1, qTo COBpeMeHHaH ,ll;l'.111JIOMaTl'.IJITypQlll'.IOCHOBaHa Ha ,lJ;l'.111JIOMaTl'.lllOcMaHCKOH HM-

l Tiirkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas1. Tiirkiye Biiyiiyk Millet Meclisi Ba§kanl!g1, 1982. URL: https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/anayasa_2017.pdf.

2 KOHCTII1)11\110HHblH peqiepeH,ll;)'M B Typl\1111 B 2017 ro,11y. UilL: https://ria.ru/ spravka/20170424/1492828175.html.

ITepI1I1, KOTOpCUI B CBOe BpeMH Ha ITPOTH)KeHHH HeCKOJibKHX BeKOB HMeJia 3HaqHTeJibHOe BJIHHHHe Ha o6nrnpHoH: reorpaqmqecKoH: TeppI1TOpI1I11.

qTo KacaeTcH <l>YHKD;HOHHpoBaHHH H caMoH: CTPYKTYPbI MHHHcTepcrna, TO ,ll;HIIJIOMaTttqecKCUI CJI)l)K6a rocy,zi;apcrna peryJittpyeTCH l1 oc~eCTBJIHeTCH Ha OCHOBaHHH yKa3aHHOro 3aKOHa, a TaK)Ke pH,n;a ,zi;pyrHX ITpaBOBbIX aKTOB, BKJIIoqaJOiu;HX B ce6H pa3JII1qHbie ITOCTaHOBJieHHH 0 KapbepHbIX ,ll;HIIJIOMaTax, CITeu;ttaJII13au;HI1 B HHOCTpaHHblX ,n;eJiax, Ha3HaqeHHI1 Ha cpoqHbie ,ll;OJI)KHOCTH 3a py6e- )K0M, 110BbIIIleHHI1 110 CJI)l)K6e B u;eHTpaJibHOM aITITapaTe, 3K3aMeHaX l1 3apy6e)KHOM ITepcoHaJie.

B CTp)'KTypeMI1,l( Typu;HH pa6oTaeT 6oJiee 6700 qeJI., l13 KOTOpblX KOJIHqecTBO KapbepHblX ,ll;HITJIOMaTOB ITpeBbIIIlaeT 2200 qeJI. KaK l1 B JII06oH: ,zi;pyroH: CTpaHe, 3TO Be,D;OMCTBO B03rJiaBJIHeT MHHHCTp HHOCTpaHHblX ,n;eJI rocy,zi;apCTBa. TOJibKO 3a HeCKOJibKO ITOCJie,ll;HHX JieT Ha 3TOM ITOCTY 6bIJII1 .Hlllap .HKbllll

A6,n;yJIJiax fIOJib (2003-2007), AJitt Ea6a,zi;)KaH (2007-2009), Ax- MeT ,l(aBYTOrny (2009-2014), MeBJIIOT qaBYIIlorny (29.08.201428.08.2015, ITOCJie 24.11.2015), <I>eptt,n;yH Cl1HI1pJII10rJIY (29.08.2015 - 24.11.2015). B HaCTOHiu;ee BpeMH ,n;aHHblM ITOCT c HOH6pH 2015 r. 3aHHMaeT MeBJIIOT qaByII1orJiy2.

B ocyiu;ecTBJieHHH BHeII1HeITOJII1Tl1qecKOM ,n;eHTeJibHOCTH MHHHCTPY rroMoraIOT ero 3aMeCTHTeJib l1 coBeTHHK, y KOTOporo TaK)Ke eCTb eiu;e ceMb 3aMeCTI1TeJieH:, peryJIHPYJOiu;HX ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb COOTBeTCTBYIOiu;HX ,n;eITapTaMeHTOB. qTO KacaeTCH OT,D;eJIOB l1 ,zi;errapTaMeHTOB MHHHCTepCTBa HHOCTpaHHblX ,n;eJI Typu;HH, TO HX CHCTeMa ,ll;OCTaToqHo CJIO)KHa l1 3aITYTaHa, qTo B ITepBYJO oqepe,n;b o6'bHCHHeTCH KOJIHqecTBOM, KOTOpoe B HaCTOHiu;ee BpeMH rrpeBbIIIlaeT 30,

O,ll;HaKO 3TO qHCJIO, KaK l1 caMH ,n;eITapTaMeHTbl, ITOCTOHHHO MeHHeTCH.

Cpe,n;H OCHOBHbIX l1 Hatt6oJiee Ba)KHbIX MO)KHO BbI,D;eJIHTb ,zi;e- ITapTaMeHTbl ITO a,D;MHHHCTpaTHBHblM BOITpocaM, o6iu;ttM ITOJII1n1qecKI1M ITpo6JieMaM (BKJIJOqaJOiu;ttH: B ce6H oT,n;eJI ITO 6e3oITacHOCTH l1 pa3Be,n;Ke)',ll;BYCTOpOHHHM ITOJIHTHqecKHM OTHOIIleHHHM, ,n;eJiaM EJIH)KHero BocToKa l1 A3HH, ,n;BycTopoHHHM OTHOIIleHHHM

1 Tiirkiye Cumhuriyeti DI§i§leri Bakanhg1 Tarihr;esi. Ti.irkiye Cumhuriyeti DI§i§leri Bakanhg1. URL: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-cumhuriyeti-disisleri- bakanligi-tarihcesi.tr.mfa.

2 DI§i§leri Bakanlan Listesi. Ti.irkiye Cumhuriyeti Di§i§leri Bakanhg1. URL: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/_disisleri-bakanlari-listesi.tr.mfa.

12

l1 Acl>pttKe, eBpoITeifcKOM rrpo6JieMaTttKe, 3KOHOMHqeCKHM BOITpocaM.

MHHHCTepcrno HHOCTpaHHblX ,n;eJI Typeu;KOM Pecrry6JIHKI1 aKTHBHO peaJIH3yeT CBOIO ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb 3a py6e)KOM, 0 qeM CBH- ,n;eTeJibCTByeT KOJIHqecTBO ,ll;HITMHCCHM, B HaCTOHiu;HM MOMeHT

,ll;OCTHraIOiu;ee 236. I13 HHX 135 HBJIHIOTCH ITOCOJibCTBaMH, 13 -

ITOCTOHHHblMH ITpe,n;cTaBHTeJibCTBaMH, 86 - reHepaJibHblMH KOH-

cyJibCTBaMH; KpOMe 3TOro, HMeeTCH O,ll;HO KOHCYJibCKOe areHTCTBO l1 TOprOBOe ITpe,n;cTaBHTeJibCTBOl.

npe,n;CTaBHTeJibCTBa Typeu;KOM PecITy6JIHKI1 <l>YHKD;HOHHPYIOT H Ha TeppttTopttH PoccttH:cKoH: <I>e,zi;epau;tttt. B ttacToHiu;ee BpeMH oc~eCTBJIHIOT CBOIO ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb ITOCOJibCTBO 'fypu;HHB MoCKBe, a TaK)Ke TPH reHepaJibHbIX KOHCYJibCTBa B CaHKT-IleTep6ypre, Ka3aHH l1 HoBopoccttH:cKe.

Cpe,zi;tt o6pa3oBaTeJibHbIX yqpe)K,n;eHHM, ITO,n;Be,n;oMcTBeHHbIX MI1,l( Typeu;Koif Pecrry6JIHKI1, <l>YHKD;HOHHpyeT ,l(HITJIOMaTHqeCKaH aKa,n;eMHH, Ha OCHOBe KOTOpoH: ITpOBO,ll;HTCH o6yqeHHe 6y,zi;yiu;ttx ,ll;HITJIOMaTOB, a TaK)Ke ITOBbIIIleHHe KBaJIHci>HKau;HH ,n;eMCTBYIOiu;HX coTpy,n;HHKOB MI1,l(. ,l(HITJIOMaTttqeCKaH aKa,n;eMHH Typu;tttt HMeeT KOHTaKTbl l1 ,zi;oroBOpbl, B TOM qHcJie l1 c ,l(HIIJIOMaTHqecKOM aKa,n;e- MHeM MI1,l( PocCHH.

1.2. l'IHbleMCTO'IHMKMnpaea, onpeA@nJUOlQMe BH@WHIOIO nonMTMKY rocyAapcrea

Cpe,zi;tt ,zi;pymx HCToqHHKOB ITpaBa, peryJittpyIOiu;HX BHeII1HeIToJIHTHqecKYJO ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb Typu;HH, MO)KHO Bbl,ll;eJIHTb ITpHHHMaeMYIO Ka)K,ll;bie ITHTb JieT CoBeToM 6e30ITacHOCTI1 «KpacHyIO KHttry», KOTOpaH TaK)Ke HOCHT HMH «CeKpeTHOM KOHCTI1TyD;I1l1» l1 rro,zi;pa3yMeBaeT ITO,ll; co6oH: ,ll;OKyMeHT, ITO cl>opMe ITpe,D;CTaBJIHIOID;HM co6oH: KOHD;eITD;HIO Hau;ttoHaJibHOM 6e30ITaCHOCTI1 rocy,zi;apcrna.

IlOMHMO Toro, qTO ,n;aHHblM ,ll;OKyMeHT rrpHHHMaeTCH BOeHHbIMH l1 paccMaTpHBaeT Me)K,n;yHapo,n;Hbie OTHOIIleHHH ITpe)K,n;e BCero c TOqKH 3peHHH 6e30ITaCHOCTI1 IIfTeM BblHBJieHHH ITOTeHu;HaJibHO OITaCHblX yrp03 KaK Ha perHOHaJibHOM, TaK l1 Ha MI1pOBOM ypoBHe, «CeKpeTHCUI KOHCTHTYD;HH» c CHMBOJIHqHblM Ha3BaHHCM ,n;eMCTBHTeJibHO HBJIHeTCH ,ll;OKyMeHTOM, He ITO,D;Jie)Kaiu;HM sceo6iu;eH: ornaCKe. TeM He MeHee TaifHa co,zi;ep)KaHHH ,n;OKfMeHTa ITeptto,zi;ttqecKH

1 Ti.irkiye Cumhuriyeti DI§i§leri Bakanhg1 Tarihr;esi.

13

HapyrnaJiaCb, 11 BbI,ZJ;ep)KKl1 «KpaCHOH KH11rl1» 11HOr,n;a llOJIBJIIDil1Cb Ha cTpaHmi;ax pa3J111qHbIX CM¥P.

Ebml1 CJ1yqa11, Kor,n;a K COCTaBJieHl1IO ,n;oeyMeHTa 11p11BJieKaJil1Cb He TOJlbKO BOeHHbie, HO 11 rpa)K,ll;aHCKaH a,n;Ml1Hl1CTpaii;11JI. Ilp11MepoM MO)KeT llOCJI)')K11Tb)J;oeyMeHT 0 llOJll1Tl1Ke B 06J1aCTl1 Haii;110HaJibHOH 6e3011acHocT11, 11p11HJ1Tb1M: B 2010 r. OH 11cKJI10q11JI 110J10- )KeH11JI 06 011aCHOCTl1, KOTOpaH MOrJia 11CXO,ll;l1Tb OT rpa)K,ZJ;aHCKl1X rpy1111. TaKoe perneH11e BllOJIHe MOrJIO 6bITb CBJI3aHo c TeM, qTo ,n;e- HTeJibHOCTb 11paBJII.QeH IlapT1111 c11paBe,ZJ;Jil1BOCTl1 11 pa3Bl1Tl1JI MOrJia 11011aCTb B Clll1COK ocyni;ecTBJIJIIOI.Q11X ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb B paMKax pa,n;11KaJ1bHoro 11cJ1aM113Ma. KpoMe 3Toro, 110 cpaBHeH11IO c 60J1ee paHHl1Ml1 11poeKTaM11 K0Hii;e11ii;1111 Haii;110HaJ1bHOH 6e3011acHocT11 HOBblH 11CKJIIOql1JI TaK11e CTpaHbl, KaK Pocc11JI, HpaH, HpaK 11 rpeIJ;l1H, 113 Clll1CKa yrpo3 6e30llaCHOCTl1.

Hcxo,n;H 113 Toro, qTo ,n;oKTp11HbI 11 ,n;pyr11e HayqHbie pa60Tb1 He JIBJIJIIOTCJI ocl>11ii;11aJ1bHO 11p113HaHHbIMl1 l1CTOqH11KaM11 11paBa B Typeii;Ko:H Pec11y6J111Ke2, a ocl>11ii;11aJibHb1e BHernHe110J111T11qecK11e ,ll;OKYMeHTbl B OTKpbITOM ,ll;OCTYIIe HaHTl1 11paKT11qecK11 HeB03MO)K- HO, ,ll;JIJI aHaJ1113a BHeIIIHeH llOJll1Tl1Kl1 Typii;1111 11CCJie,n;oBaTeJIHMl1 Hepe,n;Ko 11c110J1b3YIOTCJI HayqHhie Tpy,n;hI, KOTOpb1e 11Hor,n;a B KaqeCTBe 11CKJIIOqeHl1JI 11p113HaIOTCJI rocCTPYKTYPaMl1.

Ha 11paKTl1Ke TaKl1M l1CKJIJ0qeH11eM CTaJia MOHorpacl>11H «CTpaTer11qecKaJI rJ1y611Ha» AxMeTa )J;aBYTOrJiy, KOTOpbIH Ha MOMeHT Ha1111caH11JI KH11r11 HBJIHJICH 11pocl>eccopoM CTaM6yJ1hCKoro yH11Bepc11TeTa, a B llOCJietJ,CTBl111 3aHIDI llOCT Ml1Hl1CTpa 11HOCTpaHHbIX ,n;eJI Typeii;Ko:H Pec11y6J111K11. B pa6oTe 113JIO)KeHhI 11p11Hii;1111b1 BHernHe:H 110J111T11K11 Typii;1111. KpoMe 3Toro, M11Hl1CTp HBJIHeTcJI aBTOpoM BHeII1HellOJll1Tl1qecKOH CTpaTer1111 OT 2008 r. «HOJib 11po6J1eM c COCe,ll;HM11»3, KOTOpaH Ha 11pOTJI)KeHl111 ,ll;OJiroro BpeMeH11 011pe,n;e- JIID1a Ha11paBJ1eHl1JI BHeIIIHeH llOJil1Tl1Kl1 TypeIJ;KOH Perny6Jil1Kl1. 3aKJIJOqaJlaCb OHa, 11pe)K,ll;e BCero, B Be,n;eHl111 M11p0JII0611BOH llOJll1Tl1K11 110 OTHOII1eH11IO K COCe,ll;HM 11 HeBMeIIIaTeJibCTBe BO BHYTPeHHl1e ,n;eJia ,n;pyr11x rocy,n;apcTB.

1fypbeB A. A. HoBIDI KOHQeITI.\HH ttaQHOHa.JihHOH 6e3orracHOCTH 'fypQHH. URL: http://www.iimes.ru/?p=3905.

2ITpaBOBble CHCTeMbl CTpaH MHpa : 3HQHKJI. crrpasoqmrn. URL: http:// kommentarii.org/strani_mira_eciklopediy/turciy.html.

3,aepw'!ea B. 'fypeQKaH reorroJIHTHKa. ,l.\OKTpHHa «HOJih rrpo6JieM c coceMMH» H Realpolitik. URL: http://dergachev.ru/geop_events/171215-0l.html#. WoHJlqSl-Um.

14

Cero,n;HH cyIIJ;eCTByeT 60J1bII1oe KOJ111qecTBO ToqeK 3peH11H 01·- HOC11TeJ1hHO 11paBl1JlbHOCTl1 peaJ1113aii;1111 ,n;aHHOH KOHii;e11ii;m1, 110CKOJlbKy, }"Il1TblBaH 11pOTl1BOpeq11ByIO llOJll1Tl1KY 1'ypIJ;l111B C11p1111 11 HpaKe, r0Bop11Tb o ee Bceo6neMJIIOI.QeM ocyni;ecTBJ1eH1111He11p11xo,n;11Trn. B HaCTOHI.Qee BpeMH Typii;11H pyKoBo,n;cTByeTcJI 11p11Hii;11110M BHe,n;peHl1JI «MHrKOH CHJlbl» BO BHeIIIHIOIO llOJll1THKy, qTO 11pe,n;110J1araeT HapyrneH11e 11p11Hii;1111a HeBMernaTeJibCTBa, a «HOJib 11po6J1eM c coce,ll;JIMl1» llOCTelleHHO ycry11aeT 11,ll;eOJ10r1111 HeOOCMaHlf3Ma, YKPeIIJIHIOI.QeH: cB011 110311ii;1111 B KaqecTBe 11poo6pa3a ocHoBbI COBpeMeHHOro BHeIIIHellOJll1Tl1qecKOrO KypCa.

Cpe,n;11 ,n;pyr11x pa6oT Ba)KHO OTMeTl1Tb CTaTbIO 110,n; Ha3BaH11eM «BHeIIIHJIJI llOJll1Tl1Ka Typii;1111 11 POCC11H», KOTOpaH B 2010 r. 6bma 011y6J111KOBaHa B )KypHaJie «POCCl1JI B rJio6aJibHOM llOJIHTl1Ke». 3Ta pa6oTa, KaK 11 MHor11e ,n;pyr11e paHH11e Tpy,n;hI A. )J;aBYTOrJiy, Be,n;eT peqb 0 11p11HIJ;l1lle M11poycTpOMCTBa ATaTIOpKa «M11p B CTpaHe - M11p BO BCeM M11pe», KOTOpbIH, o,n;HaKo, ,n;aBHO OCTaJICJI B 11poIIIJIOM.

A. )J;aBYTOrJiy cl>opM11pyeT rneCTb 11p11HIJ;l1llOB, Ha KOTOpbie ,ll;OJI)K- Ha op11eHT11poBaTbCJI Typii;11H ,ZJ;JIH ,n;ocTH)KeHHH c11paBe,n;J111Boro M11poycTpoH:cTBa:

•11epBblM 1Ip11HIJ;l111 r0Bop11T 0 Heo6xo,n;11MOCTl1 6aJiaHca Cl1JI Me)K,n;y CBo6o,n;oH: 11 6e30llaCHOCTblO. l1HblMl1 CJIOBaM11, aBTOp 11p113bIBaeT He CMeII111BaTb 3Tl1 ,n;Ba llOHJITl1JI 11 Bbipa)KaeT MbICJlb 0 TOM, qTo O,ll;HO He ,ll;OJl)KHO 11pOTl1BOpeq11Tb ,n;pyroMy;

•BTOpoH:, TpeTl1M 11 qeTBepTbIM 11p11HIJ;l111bl B3al1M03aBl1Cl1Mbl

If OCHOBaHbl Ha ,ll;OCTl1)KeHl111 06ni;11x ii;eJieM, 11pe)K,n;e BCero 3<l><l>eKTl1BHOro COTpy,n;H11qecTBa, 11ocpe,n;CTBOM KOOp,n;11Haii;1111 COBMeCTHbIX YCI1Jil1M rocy,n;apcTB KaK Ha perHOHaJibHOM, TaK 11 Ha M11pOBOM apeHe;

• 115ITbIM 11 rnecToH: 11p11HIJ;l1llbI 110 CYTM oTpa)KaJOT 110311ii;11I0 Typii;1111 110 llOBO,n;y ee 11pe,n;Ha3HaqeHl1JI Ha Me)K,ll;yHapo,n;HOM apeHe. l1CXO,ll;H 113 ,n;aHHblX llOJIO)KeHl1M, 3Ta pOJib CTpeMHTeJibHO B03pacTaeT, 11p11qeM KaK B paMKax Me)K,n;yHapo,n;HbIX opraH113aii;11H:, TaK11x KaK HATO, OpraH113aii;1111 11cJ1aMcKoro coTpy,n;H11qecTBa (OHC) 11 OpraH113aii;11H 06ne,n;11HeHHbIX Haii;11:i1:, TaK 11 B M11pe B IJ;eJIOM.

M11H11cTp 3aBeprnaeT CBOl1 ,n;oBO,ZJ;bI TpeMH «OTJ111q11TeJ1bHbIMl1 oco6eHHOCTJIMl1», CBOMCTBeHHblMl1, 110 ero MHeHl1IO, BHeIIIHeM 110JIHTHKe Typii;1111: op11eHTaii;11H Ha c11paBe,ZJ;JI11Boe M11poycTpoH:cTBO, CTpeMJieH11e pernaTb KOHcl>Jil1KTbl BMeCTO Be,n;eHl1JI OTBeTHOM 110-

15

Jll1Tl1Kl1 Ha B03Hl1KaIOm;11e yrp03bI 11 Cl1CTeMHbIH xapaKTep TIOJll1Tl1Kl11.

B Teop1111 Bee 3By<I11T OTHOCl1TeJibHO HeTIJIOXO, o,n;HaKo, KaK noKa3aJia npaKTl1Ka, npeTBOp11Tb Bee nepeq11CJieHHbie H,n;el1 B :>Kl13Hb OKa3aJIOCb ,ll;OCTaToqHo npo6JieMaT11qHbIM ,ll;Jl.H Typeu;Koro 11CTe6Jil1IIIMeHTa. B nep110,n; «apa6CKOH BeCHbI» Typu;11.H caMa He CMOrJia HaHTl1 «6aJiaHC» Me)K,ll;y CB06o,n;oH: 11 6e3onaCHOCTblO, npOBOM CBOIO TIOJll1Tl1KY B C11p1111BKOHTeKCTe11CKJIIQql1TeJibHO co6CTBeHHblX 11HTepecoB 11 HM Bpa3pe3 co CBOl1M11 :>Ke YTOn11qHhIM11 np11Hu;11naM11, TeM caMbIM co6cTBeHHOpyq:Ho TIOCTaBl1B no,n; Bonpoc 3cpcpeKTl1BHOCTb npOB03rJiaIIIeHHbIX BHeIIIHeTIOJll1Tl1qecKl1X np11HQ11TIOB.

1.3. npoqecc pa3pa60TKM MnpMHJITMJI BHewHenonMTM'lecKoroKypca TypqMM

KaK y:>Ke oTMeqaJIOCh, pa3pa6oTKa BHeIIIHenoJI11T11qecK11x np11HQl1TIOB rocy,n;apCTBa BO MHOrOM onpe,n;eJieHa KOHCTl1Tyu;11eH: rocy,n;apcTBa, KOTOpa.H peryJI11pyeT npou;ecCbI, CB.H3aHHbie c 3TOH ,n;e.HTeJibHOCThIO. Ha ocH0BaH1111 3Toro :>Ke 3aKoHa rJiaBHa.H poJib pacnopH,Z1;11TeJIJI BHeIIIHeH TIOJll1T11Kl1 OTBe,n;eHa npe3H,n;eHzy 11 npe- Mbep-Ml1Hl1CTpy, o,n;HaKO p51,Z1; Ml1Hl1CTepCTB 11 Be,ll;OMCTB TaK:>Ke JIBJIJIIOTCJI HeOT'beMJieMOHqacTblO cpopM11poBaHH.H BHeIIIHeTIOJil1T11qeCKOro KypCa.

3aKoHo,n;aTeJihHaJI BJiaCTh Typu;1111 np11Ha,n;Jie:>K11T BeJI11KoMy Hau;110HaJibHOMY co6paHl1lO Typu;1111 (BHCT)'11CTIOJIHl1TeJibHaJI - npe311,n;eHzy 11 CoBezy Ml1Hl1CTpOB.

IlOMl1MO nepeq11cJieHHoro, cym;ecTBeHHOe BJIH.HHl1e Ha cpopM11poBaH11e BHenrnenOJil1Tl1qecK11x op11eHTl1pOB OKa3hIBaIOT TIOJil1Tl1qecK11e napT1111. B nporpaMMe Ka)K,ll;oH: 113 Hl1X npe,n;ycMoTpeHa onpe,n;eJieHHaJI CTpaTerl1JI BHeurnenOJil1Tl1qecKl1X ,n;eHCTBl1H, np113BaHHaJI onpe,n;eJil1Tb Ba:>KHeHIII11e HanpaBJieHl151 BHeIIIHeTIOJil1Tl1qecKOH ,n;eJITeJibHOCTl1.

Haq11HM c 2002 r. npaBJim;eH: napT11eH: B Typu;1111 ocTaeTCJI napTl1H cnpaBe,n;JI11BocT11 11 pa3Bl1Tl1.H (IlCP). HanpaBJieH11JI BHeIIIHeH: TIOJll1Tl1K11 napT1111 MeHJIJil1Cb B ycJIOBl151X nepeMeH Ha M11pOBOM npocTpaHCTBe. Hanp11Mep, ecJI11 ,n;o co6b1T11H: «apa6cKoH: BeCHhI»

1 ,l1aaymovzy A. PenrnHaJibHhIH rro,11;xo,11; K r;w6aJihHOMY Mttpy. Poccmr B r;ro6aJibHOi1: rroJIHTHKe - 2010. URL: https://elibrary.ru/download/ elibrary_23031291_94256570.pdf.

16

Typu;H.H 6bma op11eHT11poBaHa Ha ,n;ocT11:>KeH11e co6cTBeHHhix H:HTepecoB 11 Jll1,ll;epcTBa, TO J:>Ke B 2015 r. OCHOBOH BHeIIIHeIIOJll1Tl1qeCKoro KypCa cq11TaJIOCb npoBe,n;eH11e «3cpcpeKTl1BHOH, cnpaBe,n;Jil1BOH 11 ,n;ocTOHHOH YBa:>KeH11JI BHeIIIHeH: noJI11T11K11»1. B HaCTOJrm;ee BpeMJI Typu;1151 TIOCTeneHHO OTXO,ll;l1T 11 OT 3Tl1X np11HQl1IlOB, B KaKOHTO CTeneHl1 B03Bpam;aJICb K TIOCTpoeHl1IO BHeIIIHeilOJll1Tl1qecKoro Kypca, cocpe,n;oToqeHHoro npe:>K,n;e Bcero Ha ,n;ocT11:>KeH1111 Hau;110HaJihHhIX 11HTepeCOB.

OcHOBHbie BHeIIIHenoJI11T11qecK11e np11Hu;11nh1 ,n;pyroH: Hapo,n;Hopecny6JI11KaHcKoH: napT1111, caMoH: nepBoH: napT1111 Pecny6JI11KaHcKoH: Typu;1111, c03,n;aHHOH ocHoBaTeJieM rocy,n;apcTBa M. K. ATaTIOpKOM, KOTOpaH cero,n;HJI COCTaBJIJieT H,n;po ,n;eHCTByiom;eH: B CTpaHe OTIIl0311Ql111, TaK:>Ke OCHOBbIBaIOTCJI Ha Heo6xo,n;11MOCTl1 o6ecneqeHl151 6e3onaCHOCTl1 rpa:>K,n;aH 11 pa3Bl1Tl111 KOHTaKTOB Ha per110HaJihHOM 11 Me)K,ll;yttapO,ll;HOM ypOBHJIX. Ilp11 3TOM ocym;eCTBJIJITbCJI BHeIIIHJIJI TIOJl11Tl1Ka ,ll;OJl:>KHa Ha 6a3e ,n;eMOKpaT11qecKl1X u;eHHOCTeH np11 coxpaHeHl111 Tpa,n;11u;11H: 11 11CTOp11KO-KYJibTYPHOro HaCJie,ll;l151 rocy,n;apcTBa.

He OCTaIOTCJI B CTOpOHe 11 Hau;110HaJil1CTl1qecK11e 06oe,n;11HeHl1JI, np11H11MaIOm;11e aKTl1BHOe yq:acT11e B pa3pa60TKe BHeIIIHeTIOJll1Tl1qecKoro Kypca. TaK, TI0311Ql111 napT1111 H3Q110H3JlbHOro ,ll;Bl1:>KeHl151 (nH,Z:O'KOTopaH JIBJIJieTCJI O,ll;HOH 113 rJiaBHbIX onno311Q110HHbIX Cl1JI, no BOnpocaM BHeIIIHeH TIOJll1Tl1Kl1 napa,n;oKcaJihHO CXO:>Kl1 c COBpeMeHHbIM KypCOM, npOBO,ll;11MbIM npaBHm;eH: ncP. CorJiaCHO nporpaMMe napT1111, Typu;1151 paccMaTp11BaeTrn B KaqecTBe BJil1JITeJihHOH Cl1JlhI, cnoco6HOH TIOJiyq11Tb CTaTyc M11pOBOH ,n;ep:>KaBhI, a BHeIIIHeTIOJil1Tl1qecKaJI ,n;eHTeJihHOCTb rocy,n;apcTBa ,ll;OJl:>KHa 6bITb CKOHQeHTp11pOBaHa Ha cpopM11pOB3Hl111 TIOpKCKOro M11pa np11 Henocpe,n;CTBeHHOM ocym;ecTBJieHl111 naHTIOpK11CTCKl1X 11,n;eif2.

0,n;Ha 113 caMbIX MOJIO,ll;blX napT11H Ha TIOJll1Tl1qecKOH apeHe Typeu;Koif Pecny6JI11K11, HaqaBIIIeH: CBOIO ,n;eJITeJibHOCTh Jil1IIIh B 2012 r., JIBJIJieTCJI ,ll;eMOKpaT11qecKaJI napT1151 Hapo,n;oB (,ll;IlH), npe11Mym;ecTBeHHO COCTOJIID;351 113 Hau;110HaJihHbIX MeHbIIIl1HCTB, 33ID;l1Ta npaB KOTOpbIX 11 JIBJIJieTCJI OCHOBHbIM HanpaBJieH11eM ,n;e-

1 BHenrnerroJIHTHqecKHH ,ll;HCKypc Be,llYil\HX cy6beKTOB Typel\KOH ITOJIHTHKH (2010 - JieTO 2015 r.) I IT0,11; pe,11;. B. A. ABaTKOBa. M. : na6JIHC, 2015. c. 6.

2 AaamK08 B., Xpycma;reaa E. napJiaMeHTCKHe Bbl60pbl B Typl\HH: KaK rrporpaMMa TYP€1\KHX Hal\HOHaJIHCTOB 3aTparttBaeT HHTepechI Pocctttt. URL: https:// mgimo.ru/about/news/experts/272609I.

17