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1 Ti.irkiye-<;:in Halk Cumhuriyeti Siyasi ili§kileri.

2 AaamKDB B. A. PoccIDI 11 Typ1111H ... C. 213.

3 Ti.irkiye-<;:in Halk Cumhuriyeti Ekonomik ili§kileri. Ti.irkiye Cumhuriyeti DI§i§leri Bakanhg1 URL: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-cin-halk-cumhuriyeti- ekonomik-iliskileri. tr.mfa.

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2Temiz K. Tiirkiye-<;:in ili§kileri. URL: https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2017/ 04/TRCin.pdf.

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1Tiirkiye-Japonya Siyasi ili§kileri. URL: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye- japonya-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa.

2CeucmyttoBa 11. A. YKa3. co'!.

3Tiirkiye-Japonya Ticari ve Ekonomik ili~kilcri. dtik.org.tr URL: http:/ I

www.dtik.org.tr/DC/Editor/File/RaporlarIT 1Vc1C3 %HCrkiyc- %20Japonya %20 Ticari %20ve %20Ekonomik %20 %C4 o/oBOli %CS %9Fkileri.pdf.

4 AeamKOB B. A PoccHH 11 TypI1,11H ... C. 213.

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2 11amwaa 11. 11. YKa3. co'!.C. 130.

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111sattosa 11. 11. YKa3. coq, C. 130.

2EpamepcKuu A. 3p,'loraHrrpt1MepHJI poJib JaCJyIIHHKa Bcex MycyJihMaH. URL: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2017/09/1 l_a_10884074.shtml?updated.

84

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n111reparypa

 

 

1. Temiz, K. Tiirkiye-<;:in ili~kileri. URL: https:/ /setav.org/assets/

 

uploads/2017/04/TRCin. pdf.

 

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2. Tiirkiye-<;:in Halk Cumhuriyeti Siyasi ili~kileri. URL: http://www.mfa.

gov. tr/turkiye-cin-halk-cumhuriyeti-siyasi-iliskileri. tr. mfa.

 

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3. Tiirkiye-Japonya Siyasi ili~kileri. URL: http:/ /www.mfa.gov.tr/

turkiye-japonya-siyasi-iliskileri.tr. mfa.

85

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4. Heattoea, H. H. OTHOlllemrn TypQHH c MYCYJibMaHCKHMH rocy,n;apcTBaMH oJIH:>KHero HCpe,z(Hero BOCTOKa I l1. l1. l1BaHoBa I I l1cJiaM Ha DJIH)KHeM H Cpe,n;HeM BocToKe. - MocKBa : l1H-T BOCTOKOBe,n;eHHH PAH, 2011. - NQ 6. - C. 109-136.

5. Jla3apeea, T. B. CttHbQ3HH-Yi1:rypcKHM aBTOHOMHbIM paH:ott - npo6JieMa TeppopH3Ma IT. B. Jla3apesa. URL: http://www.ifes-ras.ru/images/ abook_file/idvran_2016. pdf.

6. CeucmyHoea, H. A. HoBaH noJIHTHKa l'ypQHH B OTHOIIIeHHH cTpatt BocTO'IHOM Arntt (IuuaH:, .HnoHHH, Pecny6JIHKa KopeH). / 11. A. Csttcryttosa. URL: https://riss.ru/bookstore/journal/2015-2/problemy-natsionalnoj- strategii-5-32/.

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1AaamKDB B. A. BHeurnerroJI11T11qecKaJI 11,l\eOJIOrllil 'JYpu;1111. C. 14.

2I'Jza3oaa A. BJI11HH11e «apa6cKoi1: aecHbI» Ha Heapa6cK11e CTpaHhl EJim1rnero BocTOKa /A. fJia3oaa, B. I1aaHeHKO, A. KoJieCHHKOB, 11. CBHCT}'HOBa. URL: https:/I riss.ru/images/pdf/journal/2014/4/04_. pdf.

3CaucmyHoaa 11. A. EJI11)!(Hl1tt BocTOK BO BHeurnei1: rroJI11T11Ke 'JYpu;1111 BXXI B.: pemoHaJihHaJI cTpaTerllil. URL: https://riss.ru/bookstore/journal/2012-2/jl3/.

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I ,aoJ!ZOB B. B. <l>eHOMeH «apa6CKofi seCHhI» 2011-2016 rr.: rrpHqHHhl, pa3BHn1e, rrepcrreKTHBhI I I Ty1rn:c, ErHrreT, JlHBHH, CHpHH, ArrlKI1p : MOHorpa<P11H I OTB. pe,ll. 11. ,ll;. 3sHreJJhCKaH. M. : JleHaH,l\, 2017. C. 67.

2 AJ!eKceea B. «ll11111TcKaH ,l\yra» - HOBaH peaJJhHOCTh EJJHlKHero BocToKa? URL: http://www.iran.ru/news/analytics/92042/Shiitskaya_duga_novaya_ realnost_Blizhnego_Vostoka.

3 AxMeooB B. M. u op. KoH<i>JJHKTbl 11 BOHHbl XX! ReKa (EJJHlKHHH BocTOK H CesepHaH A<l>pHKa). M. : l1H-T socTOKOBe,llemrn PAH, 2015. C. 361.

4 KOJbMeHKO C. JO., CaBeJlbeB A H. reo::iK0HoM11Ka H noJJHTHKa «apa6cKofi secHhI»: 6JJHlKHesocToqHaH ra30BaH HHTpHra. URL: http://www.iep.kolasc.net.ru/ journa!/files/Sever_i_rynok_2017_2.pdf.

5 AxMeooB B. M. u op. YKa3. coq. c. 361.

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1 Haoeutt-PaescKui1 B. A. BHernmrn IIOJIHTHKa Typ111111: BeTpbI rrepeMeH.

URL: https://www.imemo.ru/jour/meimo/index.php?page_id=68S&id= 643&jid=49&.ij=49.

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1 TipaBHTeJibCTBO Typ111111 IIOJl)"IHJIO MaHt1aT Ha BOCHilble orrepa111111 B C11p1111.

URL: https://ria.ru/world/20121004/766131765.html.

2 Typ1111JI cJiolKHJia «l.QHT Es¢paTa». URL: https://www.rbc.ru/newspaper/20

17/03/31/58dcd0679a79470a56b67b71.

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1 ABamKOB B. A. Kyp,11cKaJI rrpo6JieMa Ha Typeu;KOM rroJie. URL: http://www. vestnik.mgimo.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/l9politologiya_avatkov.pdf.

pee Bcero, CnpHR e~e He pa3 CTaHeT CBH,D;eTeJieM npoBe,D;eH11R 1'ypQHe:H HOBbIX BOeHHblX KaMnaHHM.

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nhITKax yperyn11poBaHH5I CHpHMCKOro KpH3HCa, np11 3TOM B3aHMO- ,D;eMCTBYR c Me)K,D;yttapO,ll;HblM coo6~eCTBOM.

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BaHHR neperoBopoB B ACTaHe 11 npoBe,D;eHHR ,D;eBRT11 BCTpeq CTOpoHaM y,D;aJIOCb ,ll;OCTl1'Ibpe)KHMa npeKpa~eHl151 orHR, no,D;nHCaTb MeMopaH,D;yM o co3,D;aH1111 30H ,D;e3cKaJiaQ1111, 06cy,Z1;11Th nepcneKTl1BbI C03,D;aHl151 pa6oqe:H rpynnhI no pa3pa60TKe c11p11MCKOM KOHCTHTYQHl1 11 np.1 Cero,D;HR y 1'ypQ1111B C11p1111 11MeeTrn Tp11 BoeHHbie 6a3hI B npoBHHQl1H AJienno2, 'ITOe~e pa3 r0Bop11T o ee nocTeneHHOM yKpeIIJieHl111 Ha CHpHMCKHX Tepp11TOp1151X. KpoMe 3TOro, 1'ypQl151 11 CIIIA cornacoBaJIH ,D;OpO)KHYIO Kapry no MaH6H,D;)Ky3, 11, cy-

,ll;R no HaMepeH11RM pyKOBO,ll;CTBa, Ha 3TOM l'ypeQKaRPecny6n11Ka OCTaHaBJIHBaTbCR He co611paeTC5I.

1 AcTaHHHCKttii: rrpou;ecc. URL: http://www.kazembassy.ru/rus/mnogostoronnee_sotrudnichestvo/ astaninskii_process/.

2 C11p11H cero,11HH: Typu;11H rroCTpo11Jia Tp11 soeHHbie 6a3bI B AJierrrro, ClllA He MOryT Tpe6osaTb BbIBO,lla socK l1paHa. URL: https:/ /riafan.ru/1059460-siriya- segodnya-turciya-postroila-tri-voennye-bazy-v-aleppo-ssha-ne-mogut-trebovat- vyvoda-voisk-irana.

3 ClllA 11 Typu;11H 01106p11J111 ,11opm1rnyio KapTbI no Matt6H11)1{y. URL: http:/ /tass. ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/5261845.

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1BepTW!eB K. B., Usa11.0B C. M. Kyp,11cK11i1Hal\110HaJil13M:11CTOpIDI 11 coapeMeHHOCTh. M. : JleHaH,ll, 2015. C. 151-152.

2BepTW!eB K. B., Usa11.0B C. M. YKa3. coq. C. 199.

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1 BepTW!eB K. B., Usa11.0B C. M. YKa3. co'!.C. 325. 2 BepTW!eB K. B., Usa11.0B C. M. YKa3. co'I.C. 310.

3 KyapRwosa IO. C. Kyp,11cK11x aorrpoc Ha cpoHe BOHHC 11 C11p1111. URL: http:/I

imi-mgimo.ru/images/pdf/Ezegodnik_IMl/END19.pd f.

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