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I. Baran, Z. Torn Country. Turkey Between Secularism and Islamism. Stanford, Hoover Institution Press, 2010.

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6. HaoeuH-PaeacKui1, B. A. BtteIIIHHH rroJIMTMKa TypQMM: seTphl rrepeMeH I B. A. H~eMH-PaescKMH. URL: https://www.imemo.ru/jour/meimo/ index.php?page_id=685&id=643&jid=49&jj=49.

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1. BpeMeHa MJia,n;oTypeu;Koii peBOJIIOu;1111 11 ,n;aJihHeii:II111H: pacrra,n; 11Mrrep1111 (HaqaJio XX B.).

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3.Pacrra,n; CoBeTcKoro Co103a 11 rroHBJieH11e «BaKYYMa» Ha rrpoCTpaHCTBe IJ;eHTpaJibHOH A31111 (KoHeu; xx B.).

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BpeMeH.

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1 Kupeea H. f. YKa3. coq. C. 87.

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.n;oJI:>KHhI 6h1JI11 noBJil1HTh Ha npe.n;oTBpa1QeH11e pacna.n;a OcMaH-

1CTaHT10pK11cTCK11i1 rrpoeKT (TypaH). URL: http://www.geopolitics. ru/2012/09/pantyurkistskij-proekt-turan/.

23apeaaHo. YKa3. coq. C. 79.

106

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B COOTBeTCTBHH c ero B3fJIH.n;aMH, naHTIOpKH3M .HBJIHeTCH II03TanHhIM npoQeCCOM, H eCJil1 Ha HaqaJibHOM CTa,ll;HH npoxo.n;HT o6ne.n;H- HeHHe TYPeQKOro Hapo.n;a, TO 3aTeM o6ne.n;HHHIOTCH Hapo.n;hI Bcero M11pa, KaK 3TO H OIIl1ChIBaIOT 60JibIIIHHCTBO 11CCJie.n;oBaTeJiei1:, npHqeM B OT,ll;eJihHOe rocy.n;apcTBO, 11MeHyeMoe TypaHoM2

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7.2. TypQlrUI BUeHrpanbHOH A3MM

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1 Epe.Meea ,a. E. YKa3. coq. C. 132.

2 TaM JKe.

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1 ,4pyJ1CUJWBCKuii C. E. Typ~m1: rrp11BbILIKa yrrpaBJJHTh. URL: http://www. globalaffairs.ru/number/n_596.

Ka Bcer.z:i;a npeHe6peraJia 11 npo,z:i;oJI:>KaeT npeHe6peraTh 3Tl1MH pa3JI11q11JIM11, IIOIIYTHO y,11;11BJIJIJ1Ch TOMy, no KaKOH np11q11He TIOpKOJl3blqHbie HapO,ll;bl He BCer.z:i;a pa,z:i;hl HOBbIM naHTIOpK11CTCKl1M H,IJ;eJIM Typu;1111.

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1 Caucmy1waa 11. A YKa3. coq.

2 MHHHCTepCTBO HHOCTpaHHhIX .z:1eJI Pecny6JI11K11 Ka3aXCTaH. URL: http:// mfa.gov.kz/index.php/ru/vneshnyaya-politika/sotrudnichestvo-kazakhstana/ sotrudnichestvo-so-stranami-evropy-i-ameriki/ 12-material-orys/414-sotrudni- chestvo-respubliki-kazakhstan-s-turetskoj-respublikoj.

3 ,l(11nJI0MaT11'!ecKHM OTHOIIIeHHHM Kbrprh13cTa11a 11 Typ111111 20 JieT. URL: http://old.kabar.kg/rus/analytics/full/18990.

110

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1 Tiirk i§birligi ve Koordinasyon Ajans1 Ba§kanltg1. URL:http://www.tika.gov.tr/ tr/sayfa/hakkimizda-14649.

2 Jie6eoeaa M. M. YKa3. co'!.

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1Veren N. FETO 1966-2016. Destek yaymlan, 2016, 174 p.

2Cy;1eiiMaHoB P. P. TaTapo-TypeQKHe JIHQeH B TaTapcTaHe KaK rrposo,n;HHKH H,n;eoJiorHH <fleTXYJIJiaxa fIOJieHa. URL: http://evrazia-povolzhye.ru/topics/ biblioteka/.

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2.B qeM COCTOHT pa3JIHqHe IlOHHTHH «T!OpKCKHH» H «T!OpKOH3blq-

HblH»?

3.Ilo KaKOH rrpHqHHe TypQHH aKTHBH3HpoBaJia IlOJIHTHKY «MHrKOH CHJibl» Ha rrpocTpaHCTBe Li,eHTpaJibHOH A3HH B HaqaJie XXI B.?

4.Ilocpe,n;CTBOM KaKHX OCHOBHbIX opraHH3aQHM TypQHeii OCYIQeCTBJIHeTCH IlOJIHTHKa «MHrKOH CHJibl»? B qeM 3aKJIJOqaeTCH HX OCHOBHaJI ,n;eHTeJibHOCTb?

5.Ilo KaKoii rrpHqHHe Ha TeppHTOpHH PoccHH 6bIJIH 3aKpb1ThI JIHQeH «XH3MeT»?

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