Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Vneshnyaya_politika_Turtsii_2002-2018_2020

.pdf
Скачиваний:
10
Добавлен:
05.05.2022
Размер:
2.03 Mб
Скачать

rnaea 8

OTHOWEHMH POCCMM MTYPUMM: "IEPE3 3KOHOMMKY K6E30nACHOCTM

~BycTopoHH11e OTHOIIIeH11H Pocctt11 11 Typu;1111 H11Kor,n;a He 6b1JI11 rrpoCThIMtt. MHoroq11cJieHHh1e BOHHhI, KOHcpJittKThI 11 rrpoT11Bopeq11JIUcorrpoBO)K,ll;aJitt pOCCHHCKO-TypeQKl1H ,ll;llaJIOr Ha rrpOTH:>KeHl111 Bce11 11cTop1111. K HacToHrn;eMy BpeMeH11 Pocc11H 11 Typu;ttH BhICTpomrn B3al1MOBbir0,ll;HOe COTpy,n;H11qeCTBO 11 HBJIHIOTCH ,ll;OCTaToqHo Ha,n;e:>KHbIMl1 rrapTHepaM11 B IIOJil1Tl1qecKOH ll 3KOHOM11qecKo:i1: ccpepax. ~11TeJibHO tt 6oJie3HeHHO rrpoxo,n;11T rrepexo,n; K YKPeIIJieH11IO COTpy,n;HttqecTBa B ccpepe 6e30IIaCHOCTl1, ecTb rrepcneKTHBa no11cKa

6aJiaHca 11 B ryMaH11TapHo:i1: ccpepe.

~BYCTOpOHH11e OTHOIIIeHttH Pocc1111 ll Typu;1111 B 3Haq11TeJibHOH cTerreH11 OCJIO)KHHJI11Ch nocJie 11Hu;tt,n;eHTa co c6ttThIM TypKaM11 Cy-

24, Kor,n;a ,ll;BYCTOpOHHl1e KOHTaKTbl 6hIJill cpaKT11qecK11 np11ocTa-

HOBJie~bl, a pocc11:i1:cKO-Typeu;K11e OTHOIIIeHttH nepe:>K11BaJI11 Kp11311CHbIH 3Tarr.

CrrycTH ceMb MecHu;eB PoccHH 11 Typu;11H Bo3o6HOBHJil1 B3attMo-

,n;e:i1:cTB11e, a Jitt,n;epbI ,n;Byx rocy,n;apcTB npoBeJI11 nepByIO c HaqaJia Kp~311Ca BCTpeqy. B HaCTOHrn;ee BpeMH ,n;Ba rocy,n;apCTBa B3al1MO-

,n;e11crnyIOT B Cttp1111 B cpopMaTe TpexcTopoHHl1X neperoBopoB, IIOCBHII.J;eHHbIX yperyJI11poBaHl1IO c11p11H:cKoro Kp11311Ca B ACTaHe, a TaK:>Ke ~oop,n;11H11pyIOT CBOl1 ,n;e:i1:CTBHH B perttoHe. HaJia:>KeH peryJIHpHbIH ,n;ttaJior Ha BbICIIIeM ll BbICOKOM ypOBHHX - rJiaBbl rocy,n;apCTB 11 Ml1Hl1CTpbI 11HOCTpaHHbIX ,n;eJI npOBO,ll;HT ,n;ByCTOpOHHl1e E<:Tpeq11 11 TeJiecpOHHble neperOBOpbI c ,n;eTaJibHbIM o6MeHOM MHeH11HMl1 no KJIJOqeBbIM BonpocaM, HaXO,n;HII.J;l1MCH Ha BHerrrnerrOJil1Tl1qecKOH rroBeCTKe ,n;HH. KpoMe 3Toro, ,n;Ba rocy,n;apcTBa peaJil13YJOT KpynHbie 3KOHOM11qecKtte npoeKTbl, TaK:>Ke n0311Tl1BHbIM o6pa30M CKa3bIBaJOIQ11eCH Ha pa3Bl1Tlll1 ,ll;BYCTOpOHHero B3al1MO,n;e:i1:cTBHH.

CorJiacHo K0Hu;erru;11tt BHeIIIHeH: noJI11T11Ktt Pocc11:i1:cKo:i1: <t:>e,n;e- pau;1111, Ha EJI11:>KHeM BocToKe Pocc11H HaMepeHa BHOCl1Th BKJia,n;

118

B CTa6wnrnau;ttIO o6cTaHOBKl1 11 B 6opb6y c Me:>K,n;yHapo,n;HhIM Teppop113MOM, a TaK:>Ke pa3Bl1BaTb ,n;ByCTOpOHHl1e OTHOIIIeHl1H c rocy- ,n;apCTBaMtt per110Ha 1. Yq11TbIBaH KOHCTpyKTl1BHOCTh pocc11:i1:cKoTypeu;Koro ,n;11aJiora 3a rrocJie,n;H11e ro,n;h1, Typu;11H TaK:>Ke 3a:i1:MeT O,ll;HO 113 rrp11op11TeTHblX HarrpaBJieHl1H BO BHerrrneH: IIOJil1TttKe Pocc1111 HapH,n;y c ,n;pyr11M11 cTpaHaMtt EJI11:>KHero 11 Cpe,n;Hero BocTOKa.

8.1. MnopMH pOCCMHCKO-TypeQKMX OTHOWeHMH

~BycTopoHH11e OTHOIIIeH11H BO BpeMeHa OcMaHCKo:H 11 Pocc11:H- cKo:i1: l1Mrrep11H: xapaKTep1130BaJil1Cb BOOpf:>KeHHbIMl1 CTOJIKHOBeHl1HMl1 11 B3al1MHbIMl1 Tepp11TOp11aJibHblMl1 npeTeH311HMl1, 113-3a KOTOpbIX, KaK rrpaBHJIO, 11 Haq11HaJI11Ch KpynH0MaCIIITa6Hh1e BOHHhI.

l1CTOp11H pocc11:i1:cKO-TypeQKl1X OTHOIIIeHl1H Hacql1TbIBaeT 60JibIIIe TIHTl1 BeKOB, nOCKOJibKY nepBbie KOHTaKTbl ,n;Byx rocy,n;apCTB B03HHKJIH ern;e BO speMeHa npasJieH11H pyccKoro KHH3H HsaHa III, T. e. B x.v B. 2 <l>aKTOpOM, BO MHOrOM OCJIO:>KHHBIIIl1M pa3B11Tl1e OTHOWeHl1H Pocc1111 11 OcMaHcKoH: 11Mnep1111, 6h1JI0 aKTl1BHoe nonJieqcH11e OCMaHCKOro rocy,n;apCTBa B Cl1CTeMy Me:>K,n;yttapO,ll;HbIX OTHOIIICHl1H 11 nOBbIIIIeH11e ero pOJil1 Ha Me)K,ll;yHapo,n;HOH apeHe BCJie,ll;CTBl1e ,ll;l1nJIOMaTl111 CTpaH EsponbI3, KOTOpbie CTpeMHJil1Cb 113BJieqb 113 poc- Cl1HCKO-TypeQK11X CTOJIKHOBeHl1H CBOIO BbirO,n;y.

B 11Tore ro,n;hI npoTHBOCTOHHHH 3aKOHq11Jil1Ch IIepsoH: M11poso:H so:i1:Ho:i1:, s KOTopo:H Pocc11H, HBJIHBIIIaHCH qacThIO AHTaHThI, 11 OcMaHcKaH l1Mnep11H, np11coe,n;ttHl1BIIIaHCH K qeTBepHoMy COI03y, cpa- :>KaJIHCb no pa3Hhie cTopOHhI 6app11Ka,n;. IIo pe3yJihTaTaM BOHHhI KaK PoccttH, TaK 11 Haxo,n;ttsIIIaHCH Ha rpaH11 pacna,n;a OcMaHcKaH l1Mnep11H 6bIJil1 OCJia6JieHhl BHyTp1111 BHeIIIHenOJil1Tl1qecKl1M11 Bhl30BaMtt, n03TOMY ,n;sycTOpOHHl1e OTHOIIIeHHH rocy,n;apcrn BpeMeHHO OTOIIIJIH Ha BTOpo:H IIJiaH.

CttTyau;11H HaqaJia MeHHThCH nocJie IIepso:H M11poso:H so:i1:HhI, Kor,n;a y BJiacT11 B Pocc1111 3aKpenHJIOCh coseTcKoe npas11TeJihCTBO,

1 Komi;emi;Hll BHenrneH: IIOJIHTHKH Pocc11HcKOH <l>et1epa111111 OT 30 HOJl6pll 2016 r. URL: http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/ cKNonkJE02BwI content/id/2542248.

2I1cTOpHH pocrnH:cKo-Type11K11H OTHOII1ett11H:. URL: https://istanbul.mid.ru/ aktual-naa-informacia-o-rossijsko-tureckih-otnoseniah.

3OpewKoBa C. cf>. OcMaHCKaH 11Mrrep11H 11 Poccm1 BcBeTe 11x reorromfTH'IecKoro pa3rpaH11qeH11Jl. URL: http://www.reenactor.ru/ARI l/PDF/Orcchkova_OO.pdf.

119

TIPOB03rJianrnrnee BHeIIIHeTIOJHITMqecKMH Kypc, opMeHTMpOBaHHbIH Ha BOCTOK. TaKoro po,ll;a TIOJIMTMKa 6blJia TipO,ll;MKTOBaHa CJIOJKMBIIIeHCR: TIO OKOHqaHMM TiepBOH MMpOBOH BOHHbl o6CTaHOBKOH.

CoBeTcKaJI Poccmi HaXO,ll;MJiacb B M30JIHQMM, TIOCKOJihKY 3aTia,ll;Hhie ,ll;epJKaBhI 6bIJIM o6ecTioKoeHbI oc~ecTBJieHHOH B PoccMM 0KTH6pb-

CKOH peBOJIIDu;MeH: M pacTipocTpaHeHMeM cou;MaJIM3Ma B u;eJioM M TIO 3TOH TipMqMHe OTKa3hIBaJIMCb TipM3HaBaTb HOBOe rocy,ll;apCTBO.

CoBeTCKaH PoccMH HYJK,ll;aJiacb B Tio,11;,11;epJKKe M 6hma opMeHTMpoBaHa B TOM qJ'.[CJieHa BOCTOqHbie CTpaHbl, KOTOpbie TiepeJKMBaJIM 3KCTiaHCMIO 3aTia,ll;HbIX rocy,11;apCTB M BCIIJieCK HaQMOHaJibHO-OCB0- 60,11;MTeJibHOro ,ll;BMJKeHMH. oJIMJKHeBocToqHaJI TIOJIMTHKa CCCP BhIcTpaHBaJiaCb Ha OCHOBe CTpeMJieHMH HaHTH COI03HHKOB, a TaKJKe ,11;06MTbCH 3KCTIOpTa peBOJIIOQMOHHblX HaCTpOeHHH.

Typeu;KaH PecTiy6JIMKa, KOTopaH 6b1Jia o6pa3oBaHa B 1923 r. BCJie,ll; 3a pacTia,a;oM OcMaHCKoH: MMTiepMM, TaKJKe 6bIJia 3aHHTepecoBaHa B HHOCTpaHHOH TIO,ll;,ll;epJKKe M TI03TOMY Bbipa3MJia TipMBepJKeHHOCTb BhICTpaMBaHHID ,11;MaJiora c CCCP. ~aToH: ycTaHOBJieHHH ,ll;HTIJIOMaTMqecKMX OTHOIIIeHMH MelK,ll;y PoccHeH: H Typu;HeH TIPMHHTO cqMTaTb 2 HIOHH 1920 r. - ,11;eHh, Kor,11;a HapO,ll;HblH KOMMCCap TIO HHOCTpaHHbIM ,ll;eJiaM PC<l>CP r. B. l.JHqepMH OTBeTMJI Ha TIOCJiaHHe Tipe,11;ce,11;aTeJIH BHCT K. ATaT10pKa1.

fO,ll;OM TI03JKe CTOpOHbl TIO,ll;TIMCaJIH O,ll;HH M3 CaMhIX rJiaBHbIX ,ll;ByCTOpOHHMX ,ll;OKYMeHTOB, 3aJIOJKMBIIIMX OCHOBY ,ll;JIH MHOrOCTOpOHHero B3aHMo,11;eH:cTBMH. B 1921 r. PC<l>CP H Typu;HH TIO,ll;TIMCaJIM ~o­ roBop 0 ,ll;pyJK6e H 6paTCTBe, KOTOpbIH TipM,ll;aJI 6oJibllIOH MMTIYJibC ,ll;JIH ,ll;aJibHeH:rnero pa3BMTHH OTHOIIIeHHH2.

~oroBop 3aKpeTIMJI TipHHQMTibl MOpeTIJiaBaHHH, yperyJIMpOBaJI BOTipOCbl ycTaHOBJieHHH rpaHMQ, a TaKJKe ycTaHOBHJI 3KOHOMHqeCKHe OCHOBhI. Oco6ettHo BaJKHOH ,ll;AA CoBeTcKoH: PoccMM HBAAJiacb CT. 5, B KOTopoH: 6bIJI 3aKpeIIJieH CTaryc qepHOMOpCKMX TIPOJIHBOB.

~H Typeu;KOH CTOpOHbl, B CBOIO oqepe,ll;h, oco6oe 3HaqeHMe TipHo6peTaJIM CT. 6 H 7, OCB060,ll;HBIIIHe Typeu;KyID PecTiy6JIHKY OT ,ll;eHelKHbIX o6H3aTeJibCTB M KaTIHTYJIHQMH3. BalKHO M TO, qTo POCCMH paccMaTPHBaJia Typu;HID He TOJibKO KaK COI03HMKa B 6opb6e TIPOTMB KOJIOHHaJIH3Ma H 3aTia,ll;HOH rereMOHHH, HOM KaK reOCTPaTerMqecKoro TiapTHepa.

1Type11Kru:i Pecrry6mma. URL: http://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/tr?currentpage=- main-country.

2CCCP 11 l'ypQIDI. 1917-1979. M. : HaJKa, 1981. 320 c.

3MocKOBCKl1H ,11oroaop Me)!(,lly Pocrneil: 11 Typ1111eil:.

TiepBbie TipOTHBopeqHH MeJK,11;y rocy,11;apCTBaMM HaMeTMJIMCb B 1936 r., Kor,11;a BO BpeMH MeJK,ll;yHapO,ll;HOH KOHcpepeHQHM TIO TI0,11;- rOTOBKe KottBettu;MM MottTpe MelK,ll;y coBeTcKoH: H aHr.11MHCKOH ,11;e- Jierau;mIMM pa3BepHyJICH CTIOp 0 pelKMMe qepHOMOpCKMX TIPOJIMBOB, M cTaJia oqeBM,ll;HOM TIPMBepJKeHHOCTh Typu;MM B3rJIH,Z1;aM AHrJIMM.

Typeu;KaH Pecny6JIMKa ,Z1;06MBaJiach orpaHMqeHMH TOHHaJKa BOeHHbIX KOpa6JieH, TIPOXO,ll;HIQMX qepe3 TipOJIMBbl, qTO KaTeropMqecKM He ycTpaMBaJio PoccMID, a rJiaBa Typeu;KoH: ,11;eJierau;MM cpaKTMqecKM TipHMO 3aBMJI, qTo Typu;MID TipelK,ll;e Bcero 6ecTIOKOMT peMMJIMTapM3aQMH TIPOJIMBOBl. TeM He Mettee KOHcpJIMKTa Tor.n;a y,ll;aJioch M36eJKaTh, O,ll;HaKo CTpaHbI 3aTia,ll;a BO rJiaBe c BeJIMKo6pMTaHMeH: TibITaJIMCb TiepeTHHYTh Typu;MID Ha CBOIO c'fopoHy,M y HMX 3TO TIOJiyqMJIOCb qepe3 HeCKOJihKO JieT - HaKaHytte BTopoH: MMpOBOH BOHHbl.

B 1938 r. YMep M. K. ArnTIDpK, pa3BHBaBIIIMH ,11;ocrnTOqHo xopornMe OTHOIIIeHMH c coBeTCKMM TipaBMTeJibCTBOM, M BHeIIIHHH TIOJIMTHKa Typu;MM TipeTepTieJia 3HaqMMbie M3MeHeHMH, TipMo6peTaJI Bee 6oJiee oTqeTJIMBbie Tipo3aTia,ll;Hbie qepTbI.

TI03MQMH HeihpaJIMTeTa, KOTopyID Typu;MH 3aHHJia Ha TiepBbIX 3TaTiax BOHHhI, Kor,11;a CCCP KaK HMKor,11;a Tpe6oBaJiacb TI0,11;,11;ep1KKa, a TaKJKe TIOBe,ll;eHMe Typu;MM Ha TipOTHJKeHMM Bcex BOeHHbIX JieT OT,ll;aJIMJIM ee OT PoccMM.

TIO 3aBeprneHMM BOeHHbIX ,11;eHCTBMH OTHOIIIeHMH MeJK,ll;y ,ll;BYMH rocy,11;apCTBaMM TIOCTeTieHHO HaqaJIM HaJiaJKMBaThCH, O,ll;HaKO B MMpe B03poc aBTOpMTeT CoBeTcKoro CoID3a, KOToporo Typu;MH ocTeperaJiaCh M B TOM qJfcJie TI03TOMY TIOIIIJia Ha c6JIMJKeHMe c 3aTia,ll;OM. BcryIIJieHMe Typu;MM B HATO M Tioco6HMqecTBo ClIIA B 1960-x rr. B TiepM0,11; XOJIO,ll;HOH BOHHbl OCTaBMJIM CBOeo6pa3HbIH OTTieqaTOK Ha ,ll;BYCTOpOHHeM B3aMMO,ll;eHCTBMM POCCMM M Typu;MM, KOTOpoe aKTMBM3MpOBaJIOCb TOJlbKO CTIYCTH HeCKOJibKO JieT TIOCJie pa3BaJia CCCP.

8.2. PoccMH MTyp.,.MH nocne pacnaAa CCCP

PacTia,11; CoBeTcKoro CoID3a CTaJI co6hITMeM, KOTopoe M3MeHMJIO XO,ll; o6IQeCTBeHHO-TIOJIMTMqecKMX Tipou;ecCOB H, CJle,ll;OBaTeJibHO, CMCTeMy MeJK,a;yHapO,ll;HblX OTHOIIIeHMH. DMTIOJIHpHbIH MMpOTIOpH,ll;OK,

1 CCCP 11 CTpaHbI BocToKa ttaKaHytte 11 B ro,11hr BTopoi1 MHpoaoil: BOHHbI I OTB. pe,11. B. B. HayMKl1H. M., 2010. 460 c.

120

121

 

Bo-nepBblX,

c~eCTBOBaBIII11H Ha ITporn::JKeH1111 ,lJ;OJir11x JieT 11 Bbipa:JKaBIII11HCH B ITPOT11BOCTOHH1111 COIJ;HaJI11CT11qecKoro 11 KaIT11TaJil1CT11qecKoro 6JIOKOB B Jimi;e CCCP 11 CIIIA, ITepecTaJI cyui;ecrnoBaTh.

Ha cMeHy CoBeTcKoMy Co103y ITpm1ma Pocc11:H:cKaH <Pe,zi;epaIJ;11H, 11 ITOCKOJihKY 11,zi;eoJior11qecKoe ITpOT11BOCTOHHMe OCTaJIOCh IT03a,zi;11 M TypIJ;MH y:JKe He 6hIJia o6H3aHa BhlCTpa11BaTh CBOIO BHeIIIHIOIO ITOJI11T11Ky MCXOM TOJihKO 113 ITp03aIT~HhIX 11HTepecoB, TypeIJ;KaH PecITy6JI11Ka CTaJia O,lJ;H11M 113 Tex rocy,zi;apCTB, KOTOpbie ITOIThITaJIMCh

HaJI~11Th KOHTaKThI c Pocc11eH:.

0,zi;HaKo HeJib3H CKa3aTh, qTo ,ll;JIH ITOCJie,zi;tte:H: Bee CKJia,lJ;hIBaJIOCh 6JiaroITp11HTHO. IloJIMTMKa Pocc1111 B Te ro,a;hI cl>aKT11qecK11 Haxo,zi;11Jiacb Me:JK,zi;y BocToKoM 11 3aITa,a;oM, ITp11 3TOM Hepe,zi;Ko CKJIOHHHCh B CTOpOHY IToc;rieAHero. Ilo,zi;o6HaJI HeOITpe,zi;eJieHHOCTh BHeIIIHeITOJIMT11qecKOrO Kypca He IT03BOJIHJia Pocc11:H:cKo:H: <Pe,zi;epaIJ;MM BhIpa6oTaTh qeTKMH BHeIIIHeITOJIMTMqecKMH ITJiaH ,zi;eH:CTBMH M pa3B11BaTb KOHCTPYKTMBHhie OTHOIIIeHMH, B TOM q11cJie co CTpaHaMM BOCTOKa.

nocJie pacITa,zi;a CoBeTCKoro COI03a Pocc11:H:cKaJI <Pe,zi;epaIJ;11H 1990-2000-x rr. 11 ee TIOpKOH3hiqHhie perMOHhI paccMaTp1rnaJI11Ch TypIJ;11e:H: KaK ccl>epa ee BJIMHHMH. qTO KacaeTCH ,lJ;BYCTOpOHHeH: ITOJIMT11K11, TO OTHOIIIeHMH POCCMM M TypIJ;MM 6bIJI11 ITOqT11 ITOJIHOCThlO BhICTpoeHhI Ha 3KOHOM11qecK11x ocHoBax ITO PHAY ITp11q11H.

B 1990-e rr. POCCMH 6hIJia OCJia6JieHa B 3KOHOMMqecKOM IIJiaHe, eH: 6bIJI11 Heo6xo,zi;11Mbl ITpoqHhie BHeIIIHe3KOHOMMqecK11e CBH3M M BhirO,lJ;Hbie ITpOeKThl, KOTOpbie MOrJia ITp~O:JKMTh

1'ypIJ;11H.Otta, B CBOIO oqepe,zi;h, yq11ThIBaJI pecypCHblH ITOTeHIJ;MaJI Pocc1111, CTpeM11Jiach 3aKpeIT11ThCH B KaqecTBe 3KOHOM11qecKoro ITapTHepa 11 B KaKOM-TO CMhlCJie OTKpbITh ,ll;JIH ce6JI HOBOe 3KOHOM11qecKoe HaITpaBJieHMe, ITOJiyqMB HOBhIH pbIHOK c6hlTa.

CJIO:>KHO CKa3aTh, HacKOJihKO ITpaB11JihHhIM ,a;JIH CTpaH 6b1JI0 BhlCTpa11BaTh ,lJ;BYCTOpOHHMe OTHOIIIeHMH Ha 3KOHOM11qecKMX ocHOBax, HO Tor,zi;a TaKoe pa3BMTMe co6bITMH HBJIHJIOCh ,ll;OCTaToqHo BhirO,ll;HhIM. B IJ;eJIOM ITOJIMT11Ky TypIJ;1111 B OTHOIIIeHMM Pocc1111 B HaqaJie XXI B. MO:JKHO pa3,lJ;eJI11Th Ha 3TaIThI:

3KOHOMMqecKoe M ITOJIMT11qecKoe B3aMMO,zi;eH:cTB11e, xapaKTep113yroui;eeCH ITO,lJ;IT11CaHMeM BhirO,lJ;HhIX KOHTpaKTOB M corJiaIIIeH11H 11 ,ll;OCTaTOqHo H113KMM ypOBHeM COTpy,zi;tt11qecTBa B ccl>epe 6e30ITacHOCTM (2000-2015);

aKT11B113aIJ;11H KOHTaKTOB B o6JiaCTM 6e30ITaCHOCT11 ITOCJie

Kp113MCa pOCC11HCKO-TYPeIJ;K11X OTHOIIIeHMH (2015 r. - HaCTOHllJ;ee BpeMH).

Ea30BhIM ,zi;oKyMeHTOM, 3aJio:JK11BIIIMM ocnoBy ,zi;BycToponH11x COBpeMeHHblX pocCMHCKO-rypeIJ;K11X OTHOIIIeH11H, CTaJI ~orOBOp

06 ocHoBax oTHOIIIeH11H: Pocc11H:cKoH: <Pe,zi;epaIJ;1111 11 TypeIJ;KoH: PecITy6JIMKM, ITO,a;IT11caHHhIH cTopoHaM11 B 1992 r. CornacHo ,zi;aHHOMY ,zi;oroBopy, cTopOHhI paccMaTp11BaIOT ,zi;pyr ,zi;pyra B Kaqecrne ,zi;py:JKeCTBeHHhIX rocy,zi;apCTB 11 o6JI3YIOTCH COTpy,zi;H11qaTh ITO KJIIOqeBbIM BoITpocaM B ccl>epe ITOJI11T11K11, 3KOHOM11KM, KYJihTYPhI M ,zi;p.

Ilp11HMMaH BO BHMMaH11e co6hlT11H, ITp01130IIIe,lJ;III11e CITYCTH MHoro JieT ITOCJie ITO,a;IT11caHMH ,zi;attttoro ,zi;oroBopa (11HIJ;11,zi;eHT c Cy24)'oco6eHHO 11HTepecHOH ITpe,zi;CTaBJIHeTCH CT. 6 ,zi;oroBopa, KOTOpaH rnac11T, qTo «CTOpOHhI 6y,zi;yT ITpoBo,zi;11Th KOHCYJihTaIJ;1111 B IJ;e.JIHX o6ecITeqeH11H CTa611JlhHOro pa3B11T11H OTHOIIIeH11H. M o6MeHa MHeHMHMM ITO Me:JK,a;yHapo,zi;HhIM M per110HaJihHhlM BOITpocaM» 1, 11 qTQ TaK11e KOHCYJihTaIJ;11M ,zi;oJI:JKHhI ITpOBO,lJ;11ThCH KaK M11HMMYM pa3 B ro,zi; Ha pa3JIMqHhIX ypOBHHX.

Ilo BCeH B11,ll;11MOCTM, JI1160 CTOpOHhl He CTpeM11JI11Ch BhIIIOJIHHTh ITOJIO:JKeH11H ,zi;aHHOro ,zi;oroBopa, JIM6o yIToMHHyThie KOHCYJihTaIJ;M11 6bIJIM He CJI11IIIKOM ::1<P<l>eKT11BHhl, HO 3aTpaq11BaH11e pecypCOB 11MeHHO Ha 3KOHOM11KY 6hIJIO oqeB11,ll;HO, 11 B MTOre CTOpOHhl He CMOrJI11 BOBpeMH 3aMeT11Th pa3HOrJiaC11H B ITOJI11T11qecKOH cpe,zi;e 11 ITpe,zi;ornpaT11Th co6hITMH 2015 r.

Ba:JKHO OTMeTMTh, qTO ITOCJie ITp11XO,lJ;a K BJiaCT11 B 1'ypIJ;1111IlCP B HaqaJie 2000-x rr. 3aMeTHO aKT11B113HpOBaJI11Ch ITOJI11T11qecKHe KOHTaKThl Me:JK,zi;y ,ll;BYMH rocy,zi;apCTBaM11. l1CTOp11qecK11M co6hIT11eM cTaJI B113MT rJiaBhI Pocc11H:cKoH: <Pe,zi;epaIJ;11M B. B. IlyT11Ha B TypIJ;11IO, B xo,zi;e KOToporo JI11,zi;eph1 rocy,zi;apcrn ITp11HHJI11 CoBMeCTHYIO ,zi;eKJiapaIJ;MlO 06 yrJiy6JieH1111 ,zi;py:JK6hI 11 MHOrOITJiaHOBoro ITapTHepcrna Me:JK,zi;y POCCMHCKOH <Pe,zi;epaIJ;11eH: 11 TypeIJ;KOH PecITy6JIMKo:H:2.

IloJie 3Toro, B 2006 r., ITpe311,zi;eHT TypIJ;1111 A. H. Ce3ep IToceT11JI MocKBY c OTBeTHhIM B11311TOM. TeM He Mettee, ttecMoTpH Ha aKTMBM3aIJ;MIO ITOJI11T11qecKoro B3aMMO,zi;ei1:cTB11H, B pe3yJihTaTe ,lJ;BYCTOpOHHero COTpy,a;HMqeCTBa rocy,zi;apCTB B 6oJibIIIeH CTeITeH11 CBeJIOCh K 3KOHOM11qecKOH KOOITepaIJ;1111, KOTopaH 6hma 3acP11KC11pOBaHa B pH,zi;e 3aKJIIOqeHHhIX corJiaIIIeHHH.

1 .D:oroBop 06 OCHOBaX OTHOIIIeHl1tt PocrnttCKOtt cf>e11epal\1111 11 Typel\KOtt Pecrry6JrnKl1. URL: http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/international_contracts/2_ contract/-/storage-viewer/bilaterai/page-351I48617.

2 CoBMeCTHaJI 11eKJiapan;11H 06 yrJiy6Jiett1111 11p}')l(6b1 11 MHororrnattoBoro napTHepcTBa Me)!(,Z1y PocrnftcKott cf>e11epan;11e:i111 Typel\KOH Pecny6JI11Ko:i1. URL: http:/I www.kremlin.ru/supplement/3933.

122

123

 

Pipeline Corporation

B 2009 r. cTopotthI no,11;rrnca1rn CoBMeCTHy10 ,11;eK1rnpaI1mo 0 npo,11;BmKemn1 K HOBOMY 3Tany OTHOIIIeHJfH 11 ,ll;aJlhHeHIIIeM yrJiy6JieHl111 ,ll;pJ)K6hI Me)l{,ll;y ,ll;BYMH CTpaHaM11. CJie,11;y10IIIl1M He Mettee 3Haql1MbIM co6bITl1eM CTaJIO C03,1J;aH11e CoBeTa COTpy,11;tt11qecTBa BhlCIIIero ypOBHH no,11; npe,11;ce,11;aTeJibCTBOM rJiaB B nOJil1T11qecKOH,

TOprOB0-3KOHOMl1qecKOH 11 KJJibTJPHO-ryMaH11TapHOH ccpepax.

B paMKax ,11;aHHOro CoBeTa cpyHKI1l10H11pyeT HeCKOJihKO opraHOB: CMeIIIaHHaH Me)l{npaB11TeJihCTBeHHaH Pocc11i1cKo-TypeI1KaH KOMl1CCl1.H no TOproB0-3KOHOMl1qecKOMY COTpy,11;H11qecTBy, KOTOpa.H 3aH11MaeTCH pa3Bl1T11eM 3KOHoM11qecKoro B3a11Mo,11;ei1cTBl1H; CoBMecTHa.H rpyrrna CTpaTer11qecKoro 11JiaH11poBaHl1H, ,11;eHTeJihHOCTh KOTopoH: HanpaBJieHa Ha BonpOChl BHeIIIHeH nOJil1Tl1Kl1, a TaK)l{e CoI111aJihHhIH cpopJM, HJil1 <l>opJM 061I1eCTBeHHOCT11, paccMaTp11Ba10II111i1 BonpOChl eyJihTJPHOrO, peJil1rl103HOro 11 o6pa30BaTeJihHOro xapaKTepa, r,11;e TaK)l{e npe,11;cTaBJieHhI opraH113aI11111 rpa)l{,ll;aHcKoro 06IIIeCTBa1.

qTO KacaeTCH KOHKpeTHhIX 3KOHOM11qeCKl1X npoeKTOB, TO corJiaIIIeHl1.H no MHOrl1M 113 Hl1X 6hIJil1 3aKJIIOqeHhI eIIIe B 1990-x rr. 11 3aTpOHYJil1 3HepreT11qecKJIO ccpepy. 0,ll;Hl1M 113 Ba)l{HeHIIIl1X CTaJIO Me)l{npaB11TeJihCTBeHHoe orJiaIIIett11e Me)l{,11;y Pocc11e:i1 11 TypI111e:i1 OT 1997 r., B paMKaX KOToporo «fa3npOM» 3aKJIIOqHJI KOHTpaKT c TY- peI1KOH Bota~ Ha nOCTaBKY B TeqeH11e CJie,ll;JIOIII11X 25 JieT 365 MJip,11;

M3 np11po,11;Horo ra3a.

B ,11;eKa6pe 2014 r. Me)l{,11;y «fa3npoMOM» 11 Bota§ Petroleum

6hIJI no,11;n11caH MeMopaH,ll;yM o B3a11Monott11-

Matt1111 no CTp011TeJihCTBY O,ll;HOro 113 KpynHeHIIIl1X npoeKTOB - «TypeI1Koro noToKa» 2 B 2010 r. CTpaHhI TaK)l{e no,11;n11caJI11 Me)l{- npaB11TeJihCTBeHHOe corJiaII1eH11e 0 COOpJ)KeHl111 11 3KCnJiyaTaill111 A3C «AKKJI0»3.

Cpe,11;11 ,11;pyr11x Ba)l{HhIX ,11;0KyMeHTOB oco6oe 3Haqett11e 11MeeT r::orJiaIIIeH11e Me)l{,ll;y TipaB11TeJihCTBOM Pocc11i1cKoi1 <l>e,11;epaI11111 11 TipaB11TeJihCTBOM TypeI1KOi1 Pecny6JI11K11 o coTpy,11;tt11qecTBe B BOeHHOH o6JiaCTl1 11 no,11;rOTOBKe BOeHHbIX Ka,ll;pOB, no,11;n11caHHOe B 2002 r.4

1 KyopRwoaa IO. C. AKTHBH3al.IHJI poccttlicKo-rype11KHX OTHOIIIeHHH: CYJIIHOCTh H rrepcrreKTHBbI // BeCTHHK Mfl1MO-YmrnepCHTeTa. 2012. NQ 5. C. 38-39.

2 «foJJy6oli rroTOK». URL: http://www.gazprom.ru/about/production/ projects/pipelines/active/blue-stream/.

3A3C «AKKYJO». URL: http://tass.ru/info/5088067.

4Comawetttte Me'lK!'IY TipaBHTeJJbCTBOM PoccttlicKoli <l>e!'lepa11tttt H TipaBHTeJihCTBOM Type11KOH Pecrry6JJHKH 0 COTPYl'IHlfqeCTBe BBOeHHOH o6JJaCTH H IIOl'\rOTOBKe

124

B pe3yJihTaTe Pocc11H 11 TypI111H ,11;0611JI11Ch ,11;ocTaToqHo npoq11b1x 3KOHOM11qecK11i1 CBH3ei1, qTo no,11;TBep)l{,ll;aeTcH cTaT11CT11Koi1. Hanp11Mep, B 2000-2008 rr. TOBapoo6opOT Me)l{,ll;y PocrneH: 11 TypI111- e:i1 Bhrpoc ,11;0 38 MJip,11; ,ll;OJIJI.1 Pocc11i1cKa.H <l>e,11;epaI111H CTaJia o,11;H11M 113 KpyrrHeHIIIl1X HHBeCTOpOB B 3KOHOMHKY H O,ll;HHM 113 KpynHei1IIIl1X ToproBhIX napTttepoB TypeI1KOH Pecny6JIHKH2

KpoMe 3Toro, TypI111H cTaJia caMhIM nonyJIHpHhIM Typ11cT11qecK11M HanpaBJieHl1eM y pOCCHHH, qTo CJIIIeCTBeHHO no,11;,11;ep)l{11BaJIO o,11;11H 113 caMbIX rnaBHhIX ceKTopoB TYPeIIKOH 3KOHOMl1K11, o,11;HaKo ,ll;a)l{e TaK11e, Ha nepBblH B3rJIH,ll; npoqHbie, 3KOHOM11qecK11e OTHOIIIeHl1H, KaK OKa3aJIOCh Ha npaKTl1Ke, He ,11;a10T rapaHTl1H OTCJTCTBl1.H npoT11Bopeq11i1: Me)l{,ll;y rocy,11;apcrnaMH.

Ha npoT.H)l{eH1111 ,11;0Jiroro BpeMeH11 TypeI1KaH BHeIIIHHH noJI11T11Ka 6bIJia CTaH,11;apTH311poBaHa no,11; 3ana,1J;Hble, a eCJil1 6bITb ToqHee - aMep11KaHCKHe MepKH. HecMoTpH Ha Bee ,11;or0Bopb1, ycJioBHO nO,ll;TBep)l{,ll;alOIIIHe KpenKyIO pocc11H:cKO-TYPeI1KYIO «,ll;py)l{6y», TypI111H, cy,11;.H no BCeMy, Bcer,11;a pyKoBO,ll;CTBOBaJiach JIHIIIh co6CTBeHHhIMH HHTepecaMH H 6hIJia roTOBa OCTaBl1Tb COI03HHqecTBO c Pocc11ei1 pa,11;11 no,11;,11;ep)l{Kl1 CIIIA. lfa-3a co6b1T11i1, npoH30IIIe,11;w11x B 2015 r., MHOrHe 113 nepeq11cJieHHhIX npoeKTOB B 6hIJIH npHOCTaHOBJieHhl 11 B0306HOBJieHhI TOJlbKO B 2016 r.

8.3. MHl,\MA@HT cCy-24

AKI1eHT, c,11;eJiaHHhIH ,ll;BYMH cTpattaMH npe11MyII1eCTBeHHO Ha 3KOHOMHqeCK11X OTHOIIIeHl1HX, a TaK)l{e He,ll;OCTaTOqHOCTb noJil1THqecKHX KOHTaKTOB ,11;aJI11 0 ce6e 3HaTb B 2015 r., KOr,11;a npo1130IIIeJI 11HI111,ll;eHT, HaBcer,11;a OCTaBHBIIIl1H OTneqaTOK Ha pocc11H:- CKO-TypeI1KOM B3al1MO,ll;e:i1cTBHl1. 24 HOH6p.H 2015 r. B He6e Ha,11; TypeI1Ko-c11p11i1cKoi1 rpatt11I1ei1 paKeToi1, BhIITYIIIeHHOH TYPeI1Kl1M 11cTpe611TeJieM, 6hm c611T pocrni1cK11i1 60M6ap,11;11poBII111K Cy-24, a JieTqHK paCCTpeJIHH Ha 3eMJie.

aoeHHhIX Kai'\pOB. MHHHCTepcTBO HHOCTpaHHbIX !'leJI PoccHHCKOH <l>e!'lepa11HH URL: http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/international_contracts/2_contract/- /storage- viewer/bilateral/page-192/46386.

1 PoccHHCKo-rype11KHe 3KOHOMHqecKHe OTHOIIJeHHJI Ha HOBOM 3Tarre. ,L\OKJJal'I NQ 28/2016. URL: http://russiancouncil.ru/upload/Russia-Turkey-Report28-ru. pdf.

2 PocCHHCKo-rype11KHe 3KOH0MlfqecKHe OTHOIIIeHHJI ...

12~

lfro KacaeTCH npHqHH, TO, no 3aHBJieHHHM ocpm~HaJibHbIX JIHIJ; Typen;KoH: Pecny6JIHKH, TaKoe perneHHe 6bIJIO npHHHTO nocJie Toro, KaK caMoJieT nepeceK B03,i:i;yrnHoe npocTpaHCTBo rocy,i:i;apcTBa H, HeCMOTpH Ha npe,i:i;ynpe:>K,ZJ;eHHH Typn;HH, npO,ll;OJI)KHJI noJieT, B pe3YJibTaTe qero B n;eJIHX 3a:lIJ;HTbl rpaHHIJ;bl H 6hIJI c6HT.

IlpH 3TOM BJiaCTH Typn;HH HeO,ll;HOKpaTHO no,n;qepKHBaJIH, qTo HK06b1 He 3HaJIH, qTo 6oM6ap,n;HpOBin;HK np1rna,11;Jie)KaJI POCCHH, a n03)1{e H BOBCe HaqaJIH nYTaTbCH B noKa3aHHHX, TaK OKOHqaTeJibHO H He onpe,i:i;eJIHBllIHCb, KTO HMeHHO OT,ll;aJI npHKa3 0 HaHeCeHHH y,n;apa.

B MHHHCTepcTBe o6opoHbI PoccHH, B cBoro oqepe,i:i;h, 3MBHJIH 0 TOM, qTo pOCCHHCKOe B03,ll;yrnHoe cy,n;Ho He HapyrnaJio Typen;KHX rpaHHIJ;1, qTo nO,ll;TBep)l{,n;aeTCH TeM cpaKTOM, qTo ynaBllIHH caMoJieT 6bIJI Hall,n;eH Ha CHpHHCKOH TeppHTOpHH B HeCKOJibKHX KHJIOMeTpax OT Typen;KO-CHpHHCKOH rpaHHIJ;bl. EoJiee Toro, COrJiaCHO ,n;aHHbIM MHHHCTepcTBa, pOCCHHCKM CTOpOHa He noJiyqaJia HHKaKHX npe,n;- ynpe:>K,ZJ;eHHH OT Typn;HH.

Ilpe3M,ll;eHT PoccMM oxapaKTepH30BaJI cJiyqMBrneern KaK y,n;ap B cnMHy M no,n;qepKHyJI, qTo TaKoro po,n;a ,n;eifcTBMH He OCTaHYTCH 6e3 nocJie,n;CTBMH KaK ,ll;JIH Typn;MM, TaK M ,ll;JIH pOCCHHCKO-Typen;KMX OTHOllleHMH.

HeJib3H He CKa3aTb 0 TOM, qTo B TOT nepMO,ll; POCCMH, BepOHTHO, MOrJia O)l{M,n;aTb no,n;o6HbIX ,n;eHCTBMH OT Koro yro,n;Ho, HO He OT TypIJ;MM. Be,i:i;b 6yKBaJibHO HeCKOJihKO Mernn;eB Ha3a,n; rJiaBbI ,n;Byx cTpaH BCTpeqaJIMCh B paMKax caMMMTa G20 B AHTaJibe, r,n;e JIM,n;ep TypIJ;MM P. T. 3p,n;oraH pa,n;yrnHo npMBeTCTBOBaJI B. B. IlYTMHa, a ,n;oJirocpoqHhie 3KOHOMMqecKMe npoeKTbI Ka3aJIHCb npoqHblM cpytt,11;aMeHTOM ,n;JIH B3aMMOBbirO,ll;HOro COTpy,ll;HHqecTBa.

0,n;HaKo 3p,n;oraH, no BCeH: BM,n;MMOCTH, Ha TOT MOMeHT BbIHarnHBaJI 6oJiee BbirO,ll;HbIH IIJiaH ,n;eifcTBMH, r,i:i;e He 6hIJIO MeCTa ,n;JIH PocCMHCKOH <l>e,n;epan;MM. Ha caMOM ,n;eJie ,i:i;o cttx nop ,n;o KoHn;a HenoHHTHhI MOTMBbI Typen;Koro PYKOBO,ll;CTBa, KOTopoe nOIIIJIO Ha CTOJib He,n;aJibHOBM,ll;HblH M nponrnopeqain;MM: BCeM KaHOHaM pa3yMHOH BHernHeH: nOJIMTMKM mar.

<l>aKTMqecKM, COBeprnaH no,n;o6Hoe ,i:i;eHCTBMe, Typn;MH ,n;o6poBOJibHO 0TKa3aJiaCb KaK MMHMMYM OT o,n;Horo M3 CBOMX KpynHeH:- llIMX napTHepoB Ha eBpOa3MaTCKOM KOHTMHeHTe M KaK MaKCM-

1 PoccttilcKtttt Cy-24 rrptt B03Bpa~eHHH Ha aatta6a3y «XMettMHM» 6bIJI c6ttT Typel\KHM ttCTpe6ttTeJieM F-16. URL: https://function.mil.ru/news_page/world/ more.htm?id = 1206665 l@egNews.

MYM - OT ,n;ep)l{aBbl MHpOBoro ypoBHH, BJIMHHMe M nOTeHn;MaJI KOTopoM:, ,n;a)l{e no cpaBHeHHIO c HaqaJIOM XXI CTOJieTMH, 3aMeTHO B03poc

BnoJIHe BepoHTHO, qTo Typn;HH CTaJia MapMOHeTKoif B pfKax 3ana,n;a BO rJiaBe c ClllA, KOTOpbIM TaKOH cepbe3HbIH pa3Jia,n; B fKpenJIHIOin;MXCH pOCCMHCKO-Typen;KMX OTHOllleHHHX 6bIJI KaK HHKor,n;a Bhiro,n;eH. K TOMY )Ke MHn;M,n;eHT npoM3orneJI cnycTH qYTh 6oJihrne ro,n;a noCJie Toro, KaK P. T. 3p,n;oraH 3aHHJI nocT npe3M,n;eHTa Ty- pen;Koif Pecny6JIMKM, B TOT MOMeHT npH,n;ep)l{HBaHcb np03ana,n;Hoif nOJIMTMKM.

Typn;MM B JIHn;e 3p,n;oraHa Heo6xo,n;HMO 6b1JI0 3anoJiyqHTb He TOJibKO yaa)l{eHHe M aBTOPMTeT 3ana,n;HblX CTpaH, HO M peaJIH30BaTb ce6H KaK He3aBMCMMOe rocy,n;apcTBO, rOTOBOe K pellIMTeJibHbIM ,n;eHCTBMHM ,n;a)l{e no OTHOllleHMIO K MMpOBbIM ,n;ep)l{aBaM. 11 Jiyqrne B03MO)l{HOCTM, KpOMe KaK HaHeCTH y,n;ap no pOCCMHCKOMy BOeHHOMy caMOJiery, Ha TOT MOMeHT npH,n;yMaTb 6bIJIO ,n;eHCTBHTeJibHO CJIO)KHO.

B TO )Ke BpeMH Typn;Mro nepeCTaJia ycTpaHBaTb BHernmrn noJIMTMKa PocCMM, oco6eHHO nocJie Toro, KaK nocJie,n;HHH nOHBHJiaCb B 6JIM)KHeBocToqHoM perHOHe. Bse,n;eHMe PoccHeM: csoero soeHHOro KOHTMHreHTa B CMpHIO, HaHeCeHMe y,n;apoB no 6oraTblMH HecpTblO o6'beKTaM11fl11I, c KOTopoH:, KaK BnOCJie,ll;CTBMH BblHCHHTCH, y Typn;MH 6hIJIH ycTaHOBJieHbI npoqHbie ToprOBhie CBH3H, a TaK)l{e KOHTaKTbl MocKBbl c Kyp,n;CKMMH cpopMHpOBaHMHMH He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIM HHTepecaM Typen;KoH: Pecny6JIMKM, )KeJiaroin;eM: noKa3aTh, CBOe JIM,n;epCTBO B perMOHe.

CMTyan;MIO TaK)l{e BO MHOrOM ycyry6MJI TOT cpaKT, qTQ Typn;HH He co6HpaJiaCb M3BMHHTbCH 3a CBOH ,n;eHCTBMH M B nepsyro oqepe,n;b pellIMJia o6cy,n;MTb ,n;aHHbIH MHn;M,n;eHT co CBOHMM COI03HMKaMM no HATO, a He c PoccMeH:. IloMMMO ::noro, 3p,n;oraH ,n;ocTaToqtto pellIMTeJibHO 3aHBJIHJI 0 CBOeH roTOBHOCTH npHOCTaHOBMTb KOHTaKTbl c PoccMeM:, JIMllIHMH pa3 ,n;eMottcTpHpyH MHpy M ClllA cepbe3HOCTb CBOMX HaMepeHMH M rOTOBHOCTb OTKa3aTbCH OT POCCMHCKOH <l>e,n;epan;MM.

0,n;HaKo JIH6o no npMqMHe Toro, qTo Typn;HH caMa OKa3aJiacb B JIOByrnKe CBOeH )Ke XMTpOCTM, JIM60 HCXO,n;H H3 Toro, qTo ,n;oBepHTb 3p,n;oraHy CTpaHbl 3ana,n;a 6bIJIH HeCKJIOHHbl B npHHIJ;Hne, B KOHeqHOM MTOre Typn;MH He noJiyqMJia noqTM HHKaKMX npHBHJierMH 3a CBOM ,n;eifcTBMH KpoMe MMHYTHOH CJiaBbI.

PeaKn;MH 3ana,n;a 6hma no MettbrneH: Mepe c,n;ep)l{aHHOH - 6oJibllIMHCTBO npe,n;cTaBMTeJieH 3ana,n;Horo MHpa COIIIJIHCb BO MHeHHM,

126

127

qTo 11po6JieMh1, CBJI3aHHhie c Typu;tt:ei1:, - ,n;eJio caMoif Typu;fltt:, a 110 3TOH 11ptt:qf1He 11pe,n;11oqf1TaJIH He BMeIIIHBaTbCJI B KOHcpJIHKT.

CKopee Bcero, Tor,n;a Coe,n;tt:HeHHhie IllTaThI 110Jiyqtt:JIH OT Typ- u;tt:tt: MaKCflMYM, KOTOpbIH OHa HM MOrJia ,n;aTb, a 1103TOMY ,ll;OCTaToqHo 6bICTpo 110TepJIJIH 3aHHTepecoBaHHOCTb B ,n;aJihHeHIIIeH Koo11epau;tt:tt:. Typu;tt:JI, BepoJITHO, )K,ll;aJia HeMHoro flHOH peaKu;fltt:, HO B flTOre TaK H He CMOrJia ee 110Jiyqtt:Tb.

B TOT MOMeHT ,n;JIJI Typeu;Koif Pec11y6JIHKH CJIO)KflJICJI Hatt:xy,n;- IIIHH Baptt:aHT pa3BflTHJI co6b1Ttt:H: ~T Hee OTBepHyJIHCh 3a11a,n;Hhie COI03HflKH H HapJl,ll;y c 3THM 6bmH 11pHOCTaHOBJieHbl ,/J;BYCTOpOHHHe KOHTaKTbl c Pocctt:eM:. 0C03HaHHe Toro, qTo Typu;HJI COBepIIIHJia o,n;-

HY H3 CaMbIX cephe3HbIX OIIIfl60K, 11pHIIIJIO K Hett CJIHIIIKOM 1103,ll;- HO, KOr,n;a Ha BOCCTaHOBJieHH:e KOHTaKTOB c PoccfleH Tpe6oBaJIOCb oqeHh MHOrO BpeMeHH.

B KaqecTBe oTBeTHhIX Mep Ha ,n;eifcTBflJI Typu;flfl Pocctt:JI 11ptt:- ocTaHOBHJia pH,n; Kpy11HeHIIIHX 3KOHOMHqecKHX 11poeKTOB, a TaK- )Ke BBeJia ToproBoe 3M6apro Ha Kpy11HeHIIIfle cTaThH Typeu;Koro 3KC110pTa, B qHcJie KOTOpbIX HaXO,ll;HJiflCb TOMaTbl. Ha 11pOTJI)KeHHH ,ll;OJiroro BpeMeHH Typeu;KaJI Pec11y6JIHKa He CTpeMHJiaCb BOCCTaHaBJIHBaTh OTHOIIIeHHJI, ,n;eJiaJI BH,ll;, qTo ee Bee ycTpatt:BaeT. 0,n;-

HaKo, TaK H He ,ll;O)K,D;aBIIIHCb 110,n;,n;ep)KKH 3a11a,n;a, Typu;flJI 110IIIJia Ha 11ptt:Mtt:peHtt:e c Pocctt:eii.

BepoJITHO, o,n;Hoi1: H3 11pflqHH, 110 KOTopo:H 11pe3fl,n;eHT Typu;tt:tt: Bee )Ke peIIIflJICJI Ha TaKo:H IIIar, cTaJio ycHJieHtt:e KpHTHKfl TYPeu;- Koro 11pe3H,n;eHTa co cTopoHhI 06h1qHhIX TYPeu;Kflx rpa)K,n;aH, B oco6eHHOCTH Tex, KTO 6bIJI 3aHJIT B ccpepe 6fl3Heca H 60Jibllle Bcero 110CTpa,n;an B pe3yJihTaTe BBe,n;eHHJI aHTHTYPeD;KHX 3KOHOMflqecKHX caHKD;HH.

8.4. PoccHMCKo-1ypeQKHe OTHoweHHH

Ha cospeMeHHOM nane

27 HIOHJI 2016 r. 11pe3H,D;eHT Typu;tt:H P. T. 3p,n;oraH Ha11paBHJI 110CJiaHH:e Ilpe3H,n;eHry Pocctt:HCKOH <Pe,n;epau;fltt:, B KOTOpOM Bbipa3HJI )KeJiaHHe BOCCTaHOBHTb ,n;pJ)l(eCTBeHHble poCCflHCKO-TYPeD;KHe OTHOIIIeHflJI. qepe3 HeCKOJibKO ,n;HeH, 29 HIOHJI, rJiaBbl ,n;Byx rocy- ,n;apCTB 11poBeJIH TeJiecpOHHhie 11eperoBOpbI, KOTOpbie ,n;aJIH CTapT B0306HOBJieHfllO pocCHHCKO-TYPeu;Koro COTpy,n;Htt:qecTBa.

B flIOJie 2016 r. B Typu;tt:tt: 11pott:30II1Jia 11011bITKa rocy,n;apcTBeHHoro 11epeBopoTa, B xo,n;e KOTopoi1: P. T. 3p,n;oraH BHOBh He ,n;o6HJICJI,

128

co,n;ei1:CTBHJI Coe,n;1rneHHhIX IllTaToB, HO 6hm 110,n;,n;ep)KaH Ilpe3H,n;eHTOM PoccflHCKOH <Pe,n;epau;flfl, ocy,n;flBIIIflM ,n;ei1:cTBflJI opraHfl3aTopoB, qTo, BepoJITHO, eiu;e pa3 110Ka3aJIO Typu;flfl peaJibHOe 110JIO- )KeHfle ,n;eJI Ha Me)K,n;yHapo,n;Hoif apeHe fl He3amITepecoBaHHOCTh B Heif cTpaH 3a11a,n;a.

B aBryCTe 2016 r., Kor,n;a 11pe3fl,D;eHT Typu;flfl P. T. 3p,n;oraH HaHec Bfl3flT B CaHKT-IleTep6ypr, COCTOJIJiaCb 11epBaJI BCTpeqa Jifl,D;e- pOB rocy,n;apcTB c MOMeHTa HaqaJia Kpfl3f1Ca. CTopoHhI o6cy,n;HJifl KmoqeBbie B011p0Chl, HaXO,ll;JIIQfleCJI Ha 110BeCTKe ,/J;HJI, B TOM qflCJle

fl B011poc BOCCTaHOBJieHflJI ,/J;BYCTOpOHHflX OTHOIIIeHflH.

Ilo flTOraM 11eperOBOpOB 6bIJIO o6bJIBJieHO 0 peIIIflMOCTfl

fl CTpeMJieHflfl CTOpOH BbIBeCTfl OTHOIIIeHflJI Ha ,ll;OKpfl3flCHbIH ypoBeHh, a TaK)Ke 6bmO 11pf1HJITO peIIIeHfle B0306HOBflTh peaJifl3au;mo

KpynHeHIIIflX COBMeCTHblX 3KOHOMflqeCKflX 11poeKTOB - ra3011po-

BO,n;a «Typeu;KflH 110TOK» fl A3C «AKKYJO».

C ::iToro MOMeHTa rJiaBhI ,n;Byx rocy,n;apcTB ,n;ocTaToqHo qacTo 11epeceKaJiflCh Ha pa3JiflqHhIX cpopYMax fl 11eper0Bopax. B qacTHOCTfl, 11pe3fl,n;eHThI Bfl,n;eJiflCh B xo,n;e caMMflTa G20 B KflTae, Ha BceMflpHOM 3HepreTflqecKOM cpopyMe B CTaM6yJie, a TaK)Ke B xo,n;e ,/J;BYCTOpOHHflX 11eperonopon n MocKne1.

CJie,n;yeT oTMeTflTh, qTo 11paKTflqeCKfl Ha ncex 11eper0Bopax

Typeu;KOH CTOpOHOH 110,ll;HflMaJiaCh TeMa aHTflTypeu;KflX caHKQflH. Oco6eHHO Typu;mo 6ec110KOflJifl 3KOHOMflqecKfle orpaHflqeHflJI, n qacTHOCTfl, ::iM6apro Ha TYPeu;Ktt:e ToMaThI, o,n;HaKo PoccflJI He TOpo11tt:JiaCh CHflMaTb HX. B OTBeT Ha 3TO Typu;tt:JI OTMeHHJia 6ec110III-

JIHHHbIH BB03 B CTpaHy pOCCHHCKOH 1111IeHHQbl - Kpy11HeHIIIeH

CTaTbH 3KCl10pTa POCCHH B Typu;mo, cpaKTflqeCKfl c,n;eJiaB ,n;aHHbie 110CTaBKH HeBblrO,D;HbIMfl H HeB03MO)KHbIMH ,/J;JIJI poCCHHCKOH CTOpOHbl.

0,n;HaKO ,n;a)Ke Tor,n;a ,n;eHCTBHJI Typu;tt:H He no,n;,n;aBaJIHCb pa3yMHOMY o6bJICHeHmO, Be,D;b OTHOIIIeHHJI ,n;Byx CTpaH TOJlbKO HaqaJifl BOCCTaHaBJIHBaThCJI, H 6hmO 110HJITHO, qTo TaKHe ,n;eHCTBHJI TOJibKO ycyry6JIT HaXO,ll;JIIQeecJI B CTa,D;HH BOCCTaHOBJieHHJI ,/J;BYCTOpOHHee coTpy,n;Htt:qeCTBO. BepoJITHO, Typu;tt:JI 110-11pe)KHeMy )KHJia tt:M11epCKHMH aM6HU:HJIMH H XOTeJia 110Ka3aTh PocCHH CBOIO He3aBHCHMOCTh, 3acTaBHB ee TeM caMbIM CHJITb OCTaBIIIHeCJI orpaHH:qeHflJI,

o,n;HaKo Pocctt:JI Ha TaKHe 11poB0Kau;tt:H He no,n;,n;aJiach.

1 I1cTOpirn pocc11i1cKo-Type~K11i1 OTHOineH11i1. URL: https://istanbul.mid.ru/ aktual-naa-informacia-o-rossijsko-tureckih-otnoseniah. ,

129

Ha BCTpeqe ,n;Byx ITpe311,n;eHTOB B Coq11 B Mae 2017 r. Typu;m1 ,n;o6HJiaCb OTMeHbl caHKQHH B OTHOllleHHH Bcex TOBapoB, KpOMe TOMaTOB, H, B CBOIO oqepe,n;h, OTMeHHJia BBe,n;eHHhie paHee ITOlillIHHhl Ha mneH11u;y. OrpaH11qeHH.H Ha TOMaTbl CHHMaJIHCh poCCHHCKOH CTOpOHOH ITOCTelleHHO, H OKOHqaTeJibHO 6hIJIH OTMeHeHbl TOJlbKO ro,n;oM IT03:lKe - B Mae 2018 r.

TaKHM o6pa3oM, ,n;oJI.H Pocc1111 B coBoKyITHOM o6opoTe Typu;1111 BbipocJia ,n;o 5, 7 % no COCTO.HHHIO Ha 2017 r. (B 2016 r. ,n;aHHhIH TIOKa3aTeJib COCTaBJI.HJI 4, 9 %) ' H rJiaBHa.H QeJih 6hma ,ll;OCTHrHYTa - OTHOllleHH.H ,n;Byx CTpaH BhllillIH Ha ,ZJ;OKpH3HCHhIH ypoBeHb.

IlOMHMO 3Toro, Poccm1 CTaJia TpeTbeH CTpaHOH B CITHCKe OCHOBHbIX BHellIHeToproBhIX napTHepoB Typeu;Koif PecITy6JIHKH, TaK:iKe 3aH.HB 11-e MeCTO B peHTHHre no 3KCITOPTY H 3-e ITO HMITopryl.

B HaCTO.Hiu;ee BpeM.H CTpaHbl aKTHBHO peaJIH3YIOT COBMeCTHbie npoeKThI. TaK, B 2018 r. 3aBepllIIDIOCh cTpOMTeJihCTBO MopcKoif qaCTH «Typeu;Koro ITOTOKa» H 6bmo HaqaTO CTpOHTeJibCTBO cyxoITYTHOH BeTKH, KOTOPYIO peaJIH3yeT COBMeCTHa.H pocc11ifcKO-TJPeu;Ka.H KOMITaHH.H. TaK:iKe B anpeJie ITpe311,n;eHTaMH rocy,n;apCTB 6bIJI ,n;aH CTapT CTpOHTeJibCTBY aTOMHOH 3JieKTpocTaHI.J;HH «AKKJIO», ITepBblH 3Hepro6JIOK KOTopoif ITJiaHHpyeTC.H 3anyCTHTb y:lKe K 2023 r. - cToJieT1110 Typeu;Koif Pecrry6JI11K11.

He Mettee Ba:lKHbIM CTaJIO yKpenJieHHe BOeHHO-TeXHHqecKoro ITapTHepCTBa Typu;1111 11 Pocc1111. KaK H3BecTHO, cTopoHhI ITO,n;ITHcamf KOHTpaKT Ha nocTaBKH pOCCHHCKHX 3eHHTHblX paKeTHhIX KOMITJieKCOB C-400 «Tp11yM<l>>>, HeCOBMeCTHMbIX c KOMIIJieKcaMH HATO. ToT <l>aKT, qTo Typu;11.H cepbe3HO HaMepeHa qacT11qHo OT- Y-a3aThC.H OT 3ana,n;HhIX BOOpy:iKeHHH B ITOJib3Y pOCCHHCKHX, BMeCTe c ee 3a.HBJieHH.HMH o B03MO:lKHOM Bhixo,n;e H3 HATO 11 ITp11coe,n;11HeH1111 K lIIOC roBOpHT TOJihKO 06 O,ll;HOM - Typu;H.H nepe:lKHBaeT ITepeJIOMHbIH 3TaIT B CBoeif HCTOpHH 11 rOTOBa Kap,n;11HaJihHO nepeCMOTpeTb CBOIO BHellIHIOIO ITOJIHTHKy, ro,n;aM11 op11eHTHpOBaHHYIO Ha 3aITa,n;.

IloH.HB, qTo ,ZJ;JI.H B3a11MOBbir0,ZJ;HhIX OTHOllleHHH Heo6xo,n;11Mbl peryJI.HpHhie ITOJIHTHqeCKHe KOHTaKThl, Pocc11.H 11 Typu;11.H aKTHB113HpOBaJIH ITOJIHT11qecKoe COTpy,n;H11qeCTBO B pa3JI11qHblX o6JiaCT.HX. B HacTo.Hiu;ee BpeM.H ITepeop11eHTau;11.H BHellltteITOJIHT11qecKoro Kyp- ca Typeu;Koif Pecny6JIHKH c 3aITa,n;a Ha BocToK cTaHOB11TC.H Bee oqeB11,Zl;Hee.

1 fo,11oaoH. ofoop 3KOHOMHKH Typ~HH 3a 2017 r. URL: http://www.ved.gov.ru/ exportcountries/economics_review/.

130

Typu;H.H, Bepo.HTHO, y6e,n;HJiaCh B TOM, qTo Poe.CH.fl Ha ITPOT.H:lKeHHH BCeH HCTOpHH ,ZJ;BYCTOpOHHHX OTHOllleHHH .HBJIHJiaCh O,ZJ;HHM 113 TeX HeMHOrHX COI03H11KOB, KOTOphie 6hm11 rOTOEbl yqHTbIBaTh He TOJlhKO CBOH co6cTBeHHbie 11HTepeCbI, HO 11 HHTepeCbl ITapTHepoB, qero HeJih3H 6hmo cKa3aTh o 3ana,n;e BO rJiaBe c ClIIA. HMeHHO ITO 3TOH ITp11q11He ITOTeIIJieH11e ,ZJ;BYCTOpOHHHX OTHOllleHHH MOCKBhl 11 AHKapbI conpoBo:iK,n;aJiocb aKTHBHhIM B3a11Mo,n;eifcTBHeM ITO KJIIOqeBhlM BHellIHent>JIHT11qecKHM BOITpocaM.

Oco6eHHO ITJIO,ZJ;OTBOpHoe coTpy,n;H11qecTBO 6h1JI0 HaJia:iKeHo B o6ecITeqeHHH 6e3onacHOCTH B paMKax ITeperoBopoB B AcTaHe no BOITpocy CHpHHCKoro yperyJI11poBaHH5I, KOTOphie 6bmH HaqaThl B HHBape 2017 r., noCJie Toro KaK CTaJIO ITOHHTHO, qTo :lKeHeBCKHH ITpou;ecc, ocyiu;ecTBJIHeMhIH no,n; 3r11,n;oif OOH, He ITPHHOCHT :lKeJiaeMhIX pe3yJibTaTOB.

B TaK Ha3hIBaeMOM acTaHHHCKOM ITpou;ecce npHHHMaIOT yqaCTHe rJiaBhI Tpex rocy,n;apcTB - Pocc1111, Typu;1111 11 HpaHa. TaKoif TpexCTOpOHHHH cpopMaT ITeperOBOpOB 6hm C03,ZJ;aH c u;eJiblO o6cy:iK- ,n;eHH.H CHpHHCKOH ITp06JieMaTHKH HeITocpe,n;cTBeHHO c TeMH CTpaHaM11, KOTOpbie Ha1160Jiee BOBJieqeHbl B KOH<l>JIHKT.

B HaCTO.HIQHH nep110,n; BpeMeHH caMMHTbI B AcTaHe 11Hor,n;a ITo,n;-

BepraIOTC.H KpHTHKe, B OCHOBHOM Ha 3aITa,n;e. Bo MHOroM 3aITa,ZJ;HbIH MHp ,n;eMOHCTpHpyeT TaKyIO peaKQHIO ITO ITp11q11He Toro, qTO CTpaHbl, ITpHHa,n;Jie:iKaiu;11e K 3aITa,ZJ;HOH qaCTH MHpa, B03MYIQaIOT 3Haq11TeJibHble ycITeXH, ,ll;OCTHrHJTbie TpeMH CTpaHaMH Bcero 3a ,n;eBHTb npoBe,n;eHHblX BCTpeq1, ITPH TOM qTO «MHpOTBOpu;aM» 113 )l{eHeBbl He y,n;aJIOCb ,n;o6HTbC.H ,n;a:iKe ITOJIOBHHhl 3TOro.

B,n;o6aBOK ceifqac, B 3noxy cpopM11pyroiu;eifcH noJI11u;ettTp11qttocTH, y TpeyroJihH11Ka Pocc11H - Typu;H.H - HpaH ecTh Bee lllaHChI CTaTh O,ZJ;HHM 113 u;eHTpOB 6y,n;yiu;eif CHCTeMbl Me:iK,n;yttapo,n;HbIX OTHOllleHHH, H, KOHeqHo :iKe, CTpaHbl 3aITa,n;a H11KOr,n;a He CMOrJT CMHpHThC.H c TaKHMH peaJIHHMH.

CJIO:lKHO He corJiac11TbCH c TeM, qTo acTaHHHCKHH ITpou;ecc cTaJI 6oJihllIHM ycITexoM, 11 npe:iK,n;e Bcero ycITexoM pocc11ifcKoif ,n;11nJioMaT1111. HMeHHO Pocc1111 y,n;aJIOCh c,n;eJiaTh ITpaKT11qecK11 tteBhIIIOJIH11Moe - yca,n;HTb 3a o,n;11H cToJI neperoBopoB Typu;1110 11 HpaH, 113,n;aBHa 5IBJI.HIOIQ11XC.H reOITOJI11THqecK11M11 COITepH11KaM11, a TaK:lKe ,n;eJierau;11ro c11p11ifcKoro o<P11u;11aJibHoro ITpaBHTeJihCTBa 11 ITpe,n;CTaB11TeJieif c11p11HCKOH BOopy:iKeHHOH OITIT0311Q11H, 06b1qHo npe,n;ITO-

1 AcTaHHHCKHH rrpo~ecc.

131

qlfTa10rn;e:i1: HrHOpHpOBaTh MeJK,ll;)'liapO,ll;HhieIIOIIhITKH ypery;mpoBamrn KOHcpJIHKTa.

IlpH 3TOM BaJKHO IIOHHMaTh, qTO acTaHHHCKHH rrpou;ecc He HB-

;rneTCH aJibTepHaTHBOH aHaJIOrHqHOM)'rrpou;eccy B )J{eHeBe, B qeM, KaK rrpaBHJio, o6BHHHIOT ero yqpe,n;HTeJie:i1:. neperoBophI B AcTaHe - rrpou;ecc, rrpOXO,ll,Hill;HH rrapaJIJieJihHO JKeHeBCKOM)'H He Hau;e- JieHHhIH Ha TO, qT06hI CTaTh ero aHaJioroM. B TO JKe BpeMH, IIOMHMO acTaHHHCKoro ,n;HaJiora, PoccHH H Typu;HH o6c)'JK,ll,aIOTcHpHi1cKH:i1: KpH3HC, a TOqHee BapHaHThl ero yperyJIHpoBaHHH, B ,n;ByxCTOpOHHeM cpopMaTe. 0,n;HHM H3 pe3)'JlhTaTOBTaKHX o6cyJK,n;eHHH CTaJio C03,D,aHHe qeTbipex 30H ,n;e3CKaJiau;HH B CHpHH H KOOp,ll;HHaIJ;HH BOeHHhIX ,n;e:i1:CTBHH.

TeM He Mettee ,n;aJieKO He BCeX aKTOpOB MeJK,n;yHapo,n;HhIX OTHOIIIeHHH ycTpaHBaeT rro,n;o6Hoe IIOJIOJKeHHe ,n;eJI H aKTHBH3aIJ;HH poccHHCKO-TYPeu;Koro B3aHMO,n;ei1CTBHH, KOTOpOM)'BCHqeCKH IIhITaIOTCH IIOMernaTh.

,aoKa3aTeJihCTBOM CKa3aHHOro CJI)'JKHT CJiyqa:i1: c y6HHCTBOM poccHHCKOro IIOCJia B AHKape A. r. KapJioBa B ,n;eKa6pe 2016 r., KOTopoe BO BJiaCTHhIX Kpyrax PocCHH H Typu;HH ou;eHHJIH KaK rrpoBOKaIJ;HlO, HarrpaBJieHH)'lOHa CphIB HOpMaJIH3aIJ;HH pOCCHHCKO-T)'- peu;KHX OTHOllieHHH.

HecMoTpH Ha aKTHBH3au;HIO ,n;BycTopoHHero ,n;HaJiora, MeJK,n;y Pocrn:i1:CKo:i1: <t>e,n;epau;Hei1 H Typeu;Koi1 Pecrry6JIHKoi1 rro-rrpeJKHeMy coxpaHHIOTCH rrpoTHBopeqHH no pa3JIHqHhIM BorrpocaM. B qacTHOCTH, KaMHeM rrpeTKHOBeHHH CTaJI Borrpoc rrpHcoe,n;HHeHHH K PocCHH KpbIMCKOro IIOJI)'OCTpOBaB 2014 r. Typu;HH, JKHByrn;aH HMrrepcKHMH aM6Hu;HHMH, ,n;o CHX rrop OTKa3hIBaeTCH rrpH3HaTh 3T)' TeppHTOpHIO qacThIO PoccHH, rrpH3hIBaH cTpaHhI 3arra,n;a He 3a6h1BaTh 0 poCCHHCKOH «aHHeKCHH>>, qTO, 6e3yCJIOBHO, HBJIHeTCH TpeBOJKHhIM CHrHaJIOM.

EoJiee Toro, KaK 6hI HM XOTeJIOCh Typu;HH, H KaK 6bI KpaCHOpeqHBO P. T. 3p,n;oraH He Ha3hIBaJI B. B. Il)'THHaCBOHM ,n;pyroM, PoccHH )'JKeHHKor,n;a He CMOJKeT ,ll;OBepHTh rocy,n;apCTBy IIOCJie co6bITHH oceHH 2015 r., H 6y,n;eT CTpeMHThCH BhlCTpaHBaTh HaH6oJiee OCTOpOiKH)'lOH aKKypaTH)'lOIIOJIHTHK)'B OTHOllieHHH AHKapbI.

TaKHM o6pa30M, B HaCTOHID;HH rrepHo,n; OTHorneHHH PoccHH H Typu;HH rrepeJKHJIH KpH3HC 2015 r., cyMeB HOpMaJIH30BaTh coTp)',ll;HHqecTBOBO Bcex o6JiaCTHX, B TOM qJ'.ICJieH B IIOJIHTHqecKOH ccpepe, qTO ,n;eMOHCTpHpyeT IIOJIOJKHTeJihH)'lO,ll;HHaMHKY pa3BHTHH KOHTaKTOB.

132

CTpeMJieHHe Typu;HH B3aHMo,n;ei1:cTBOBaTh co cTpaHaMH BocToKa H c PoccHeH TaKJKe rOBOpHT 0 HOBhIX rrpHOpHTeTaX rocy,n;apCTBa, qTO COOTBeTCTB)'eTpoCCHHCKHM Hau;HoHaJihHhlM HHTepecaM. 3a,n;aqa PocCHH Ha ,n;aHHhIH MOMeHT 3aKJIIOqaeTCH B TOM, qT06hJ y,n;epJKaTh Typu;H10 Ha ,n;aHHOM HarrpaBJieHHH, He rro3BOJIHB cBep- H)'Thc HOBOrO BHernHeIIOJIHTHqecKoro Kypca. ,aJIH 3TOrO Heo6XO,ll;HMO H ,n;aJihllie pa3BHBaTh ,ll;B)'CTOpOHHHeKOHTaKThl, rrpHqeM BO Bcex o6JiaCTHX, He ,n;eJiaH aKu;eHTa HCKJI}QqHTeJihHO Ha 3KOHOMHK)'.

KaK IIOKa3aJia rrpaKTHKa, Kor,n;a He rrpOHCXO,ll;HT o6MeHa MHeHHHMH no BHellIHeIIOJIHTHqeCKHM BOrrpocaM H H~KaIIJIHBaIOTCH

B3aHMHhie rrpOTHBOpeqHJI, BhirO,ll;Hhie 3KOHOMHqeCKHe KOHTpaKTbl He crracaIOT IIOJIOJKeHHe, a OTHOilieHHH pyrnaTCH JIHllih O,ll;HHM He06,n;yMaHHhIM ,n;eHCTBHeM. IlpH 3TOM rrpHHIJ;HIIHaJihHO Ba:>KHO, qTO ,n;JIH ,n;aJibttei1rnei1 Koorrepau;HH tteo6xo,n;HMO B3aHMHOe )l{eJiaHHe H aKTHBHOe yqacTHe o6eHX CTOpOH, H 3,n;ecb rrpHOpHTeTHbIH BbI6op OCTaeTCH 3a Typu;Hei1, KOTOpaH B HaCTOHID;HH rrep110,n; HaXO,ll;H'fCH Ha BHellIHeIIOJIHTHqecKOM paCII)'The.

KoH1ponbHb1e sonpocb1

1.Kor,n;a B03HHKJIH nepBbie KOHTaKThI PoccHH H OcMattcKOH HMrrepm1?

2.KaKOBO 3Haqetttte ,ll;oroBopa o ,n;p)1)K6e H 6paTCTBe, rro,n;rrttcattttoro

B 1921 r.?

3.KaK H3MettH.Jiach rroJIHTHKa TypQHH B OTHOilleHHH CCCP nocne cMepn; M. K. ATanopKa?

4.Ha KaKHe 3TaITbl MO)KHO pa3,n;eJIHTh TIOJIHTHK}'TypQHHB OTHOllleHHH

PoccHH B ttaqane XXI B.?

5. TiepeqHCJIHTe OCHOBHbie COBpeMeHHble ,n;oroBOpbl H cornarneHHH, no,n;rrttcattHhie Me)K,n;y Pocrnei1 n TypQttei1. KaKne cqiepbI ,n;BycTopottHHX OTHOllleHHH OHM OXBaThIBaIOT?

6. TIO KaKHM HanpaBJieHMHM pa3BMBaeTCH COBpeMeHHOe pOCCMHCKO- T)'peQKOeCOTpy,n;ttnqecTBO?

flM1epa1ypa

1. AeamKoB, B. A. PoccHH H TypQHH: BMeCTe mm nopo3Hh? I B. A. ABaTKOB. - MocKsa : Me)K,Zl;yttapo,n;Hhie oTttornettHH, 2015. - 287 c.

2. ,ll;orosop 06 OCHOBaX OTHOllleHHH PoccMHCKOH <l>e,n;epaQHH H TypeQKOH Pecrry6nttKH. URL: http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/international_ contracts/2_contract/-/storage-viewer/bilateral/page-351I48617.

133

3. ,4py:J1CWLOBCKuiJ., C. E. 0 nepcneKTHBax soccTaHOBJiemrn poccHH:cKo1ypeQKHX OTHOIIIeHHH IC. E. ,ll;ppKHJIOBCKHH / / l..JeJioseqecKHH: KaIIHTaJI. -

2016. - N2 2. - C. 88-89.

4.11crnpIDI pocrnH:cKo-zypeQKHH OTHOIIIeHHH. URL: https://istanbul. mid.ru/aktual-naa-informacia-o-rossijsko-tureckih-otnoseniah.

5.Kyap.RUlOBa, 10. c. AKTHBH3aQIDI poCCHHCKo-zypeQKHX OTHOIIIeHHH:

cymttocTb H nepcneKTHBhI I IO. C. Ky;:i;pRIIIOBa / / BecTHHK Mf11M0-YHH- seprnTeTa. - 2012. - N2 5. - C. 38-39.

6. Mo3;zoea, A. T. PoccHR - TypQHR: cy~eCTBYIDT JIH nepcneKTHBbI coTpy;:i;ttHqecrna? I A. T. Mo3JIOeB // T..J:eJioseqecKHH KaIIHTaJI. - 2016. - N2 2. -C. 21-23.

3aKn101.1eH111e

TaKHM o6pa30M, BHemmu1 IIOJIHTHKa COBpeMeHHOH TypeQKOR Pecny6JIHKH opHeHTHpoBaHa Ha YKPeIIJieHHe rro3HQHR rocy,z:i;apcTBa B paMKax CKJia,ll;blBaIO:I.QeRCH IIOJIHQeHTPW.JHOR CHCTeMbl Me)l{,ll;yttapo,n;HbIX OTHOllleHHR. )Jjrn: ,ll;OCTmKeHml 3TOR QeJIH TypQml IlbITaeTCH yKpeIIJIHTb CBOe BJIHJIHHe B HaH6onee Ba:>KHblX perHOHaX MHpa, a TaIOKe BbICTpaHBaTh IIOJIHTHKY He3aBHCHMOro HrpoKa. TipH 3TOM BHemHeIIOJIHTHqecKHR KypC pecrry6JmKH B IIOCJie,ll;HHe fO,ll;bl rrepe- :lKHBaeT TpaHc4:>opMaQHIO.

TypQHJI OTXO,ll;HT OT rrp03arra,n;Horo Kypca, Bee 60Jihlllee BHHMaHHe y,z:i;emrn cTpaHaM BocToKa H PoccHH. CIIIA y:lKe He RBJHl-

IOTCH KJI10qeBbIM rrapTHepoM rocy,z:i;apcTBa, a 3a,z:i;aqa BORTH B En- porreRCKHR coI03 y:lKe He Ka:lKeTCH rrpHopHTeTHOR. ConpeMemian TypeQKaH Pecrry6JIHKa BH,ll;HT ,n;JIH ce6H rrepcrreKTHBhI tta ,z:i;pyroM HarrpaBJieHHH H aKTHBHO IIO,ll;CTpaHBaeT rro,z:i; Hero CBOH BHenrnenoJIHTHqecKHe rrpHHQHilbl.

B TypQHH rrpO,ll;OJI)l{aeTCH rrpoQecc HCJiaMH3aQHH, KOTOpaH rrpoCJie)l{HBaeTCH He TOJibKO BO BHyTpeHHeR IIOJIHTHKe, HOH BO BHelllHeR H Bbipa:lKaeTCH B CTpeMJieHHH TypeQKOR Pecrry6JIHKH HaJia)l{H- BaTb COTpy,n;H11qecTBO c apa6CKHMH H ,z:i;pyrHMH 6JIH:lKHeBOCToqHblMH perHoHaMH, BcecTopoHHe rro,z:i;,z:i;ep:lKHBaH MycyJihMaHCKHR MHp.

TipHHQHIIHaJibHO Ba:lKHO IIOHHMaTb, qTo aKTHBHOCTb TypQHH B perHOHe 3aKJIIOqaeTC51 He CTOJibKO B caMOR IIOMO:I.QH HY)l{,ll;alO- :I.QHMCH, CKOJibKO B IIOBbillleHHH CBOero aBTOpHTeTa B rJia3aX perHOHaJihHOrO H MHpoBoro coo6:I.QecTBa. CTpatta CTpeMHTCH BORTH B q11cJIO MHpOBbIX ,z:i;ep:lKaB, H He CKpbrnaeT 3Toro, 3a51BJI5151 0 CBOHX HaMepeHHHX rrpH Ka:lK,ll;OM y,z:i;o6HOM cnyqae.

0,n;HaKO Ha BOIIpoc 0 TOM, HaCKOJibKO TaKaH aKTHBHaH IIOJIHTHKa TypQHH, rrpo,n;HKTOBaHHaH HeoocMaHCKHMH HaCTpoettHHMH B coqeTaHHH c HMIIepcKHMH aM6HQH51MH, 6y,n;eT BbirO,ll;Ha ,ll;JIH TypeQKOH Pecrry6JIHKH, IIOKa HeJib351 ,n;aTh O,ll;H03HaqHoro OTBeTa.

,lJ,Jrn: PoccHH cTpeMJieHHe TypQHH oT,n;aJIHThCH OT 3arra,z:i;a H H3MeHHTh BHelllHeIIOJIHTHqecKHR Kypc HBJIHeTCH II03HTHBHOH TeH,n;eHQHeR. Me)l{,ll;y TeM COBpeMeHHaH IIOJIHTHKa TypQHH Httor,z:i;a CTpOHT-

135

CH Ha arpecoui: H: rroqTH: Bcer,1J;a - Ha aM6m~mi:x. no 3TOH rrpH:qH:He Typeu;KaH Pecrry6JmKa pH:ceyeT ITOTepHTb rroqTH: BCex CBOH:X COJ03HH:KOB H: OKa3aTbCH B Me)K,ll;yHapO,ll;HOH H:30JUID;H:H:.

c 3TOH TOqKH: 3peHH:H TaKaH IIOJIH:TH:Ka He HBJIHeTCH BbirO,ll;HOH ,ll;JIH PoccH:H:, KOTOpOH B TaKOM CJiyqae rrpH:,ll;eTCH «B03Bparu;aTb» Typ- u;mo, HBJUIIOiu;YJOCH COJ03HH:KOM B paMKax acTaHH:HCKoro rrpou;ecca, Ha Me)K,ll;yttapo,ll;HYJO apeHy. A c yqeTOM Heorrpe,ll;eJieHHOCTH: H: rrepeMeHqH:BOCTH: BHenrnerrOJIH:TMqecKH:X opH:eHTH:pOB 3Toro rocy,ll;apCTBa cyru;eCTByeT 60JibllIOH pH:CK Toro, qTo T'ypu;MHCHOBa H:3MeHH:T CBOJO I103Mll;MJO, KaK OHa )')KeC,ll;eJiaJia 3TO B 2015 r.

Cn111coK n1111epa1ypb1

1.A6aea, H. B. 0 rrpapo,ll;H:He Bcex nopKoM H: MOHrOJIOB: «3preHeKOH», «3pytte-xyH» H:JIH: TaHHy-YpHHxa:H I H. B. A6aeB. URL: https://www.tuva.asia/journal/issue_9/3042-abaev.html.

2.AaamKoB, B. A. ApMH:H Typeu;Koli Pecrry6JIH:KH rrpH: rrpaBJie-

HH:H: TiapTH:H: crrpaBe,ll;JIH:BOCTH: H: pa3BH:TH:H I

B. A. ABaTKOB. - Mo-

CKBa : Me)K,ll;yttapO,ll;Hbie OTHOIIIeHH:H, 2018. -

164 c.

3. AaamKoB, B. A. BHeI1IHerroJIH:TH:qecKaH H:,ll;eOJIOrH:H Typu;MH:: TeKyru;H:e TeH,ll;eHu;H:H: H: rrepcrreKTH:BhI pa3BH:TH:H I B. A. ABaTKOB I I Typu;H:H: HOBbie peaJIH:H: BO BHyTpeHHeH ITOJIH:TH:Ke H: yqacTH:e B perH:oHaJihHhIX reorroJIH:TH:qecKH:X rrpou;eccax I IIO,ll; pe,ll;aKu;H:eli B. A. ABaTKOBa, C. E. ,ll;p)')KH:JIOBcKoro,A. B. <t>e,1J;opqeHKO. - MoCKBa: Mfl1M0-YHH:BepcH:TeT, 2014. - c. 11-17.

4.AaamKoB, B. A. Kyp,ll;cKaH rrpo6JieMa Ha Typeu;KoM noJie I B. A. ABaTKOB. URL: http://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/sites/default/ files/pdf/19politologiya_avatkov.pdf.

5.AaamKoB, B. HeoocMaHH:3M. Ea30BM H:,1J;eoJioreMa H: reocTpaTerMH B Typu;H:H: / B. ABaTKOB. URL: http://svom.info/entry/458neoosmanizm/.

6.A1<:onb.Rtt4, A. C. K H:CTOpH:H: Me)K,ll;yHapo,ll;HhIX ,1J;oroBopoB c Typu;H:eli: KapccKH:H ,1J;or0Bop 1921 r. I A. C. AKOIThHHu; // l1HTe-

p3Kcrro fE0-CH:6H:pb. - 2016. - T. 1. - c. 166-169.

7. AJieKcaH,ll;ponoJihCKH:H ,1J;or0Bop. URL: http://doc20vek.ru/ node/3403.

8. A.ne1<:ceea, B. «lIIH:H:TCKaH ,ll;yra» - HOBM peaJihHOCTh EJIH:)K- Hero BocToKa? I B. A11eKceeB. URL: http://www.iran.ru/news/ analytics/92042/Shiitskaya_duga_novaya_realnost_Blizhnego_ Vostoka.

9.AcTaHH:HCKH:H rrpou;ecc. URL: http://www.kazembassy.ru/ rus/mnogostoronnee_sotrudnichestvoI astaninskii_process/.

10.A3C «AKKYJO». ,ll;OCbe. URL: http://tass.ru/info/5088067.

11.EoaayttoB, A. Ha rpaHH: H,ll;epHoli BOHHhI: 55 JieT Ha3a,ll; 3aBepI1IH:JICH KapH:6CKH:H KpH:3H:C I A. EoB,ll;yttOB, H. AJieKceeBa. URL:

137

Соседние файлы в предмете Международные отношения Турция