- •Text 1 Basic printing techniques
- •I. Read the following sentences and discuss whether they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the derivatives of the following words: treat, define, raise, cut, tailor, print, deposit, reject
- •IV. Which printing process does each definition refer to?
- •V. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of different printing techniques
- •VI. Write a short description of basic printing techniques. Text 2 Letterpress
- •Read the sentences and discuss if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of the letterpress printing, using the following information.
- •V. Compose a plan and write a short summary of the text. Text 3 Offset lithography
- •Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •Which term does each definition refer to?
- •V. Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of the offset printing, using the following information.
- •V. Compose a plan and write a short summary of the text. Text 4 Gravure
- •Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •Which term does each definition refer to?
- •Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of the gravure printing, using the following information.
- •V. Write a short summary of the text. Text 5 Other traditional printing techniques
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •V. Write about modern development of flexography printing. Text 6 Modern printing techniques
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Which term does each definition refer to?
- •V. Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of the gravure printing, using the following information.
- •VI Compose a plan and write a short summary of the text.
- •Text 1 Originals for reproduction
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •Improve, rigid, inserted, tracing, remove, minimize, reproduction, laid, retouch, cracking, reasonable,
- •IV. Which term does each definition refer to?
- •V. Compare different types of originals.
- •VI. Compose a plan and write a short summary of the text. Text 2 Reproduction techniques for offset lithography
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •Scanning
- •Compare line origination and halftone origination.
- •Read the following paragraphs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of other methods of origination.
- •Text 3 Proofing
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Which term does each definition refer to?
- •V. Discuss and compare different methods of proofing.
- •VI. Compose a plan and write a short summary of the text. Text 4 Electronic page planning
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Which term does each definition refer to?
- •V. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cad systems.
- •VI. Write a short description of electronic page planning process. Text 5 Film assembly, imposition and platemaking
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Compose a plan and write a short summary of the text. Text 6 Origination for letterpress
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •Compare different methods of letterpress origination
- •Write a short summary of the text.
- •1. Translate the following sentences from Ukrainian into English
- •Text 1 Typesetting in metal
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Compare different techniques of typesetting.
- •V. Write a short summary of the following text: Photocomposition
- •Text 2 Desk-top publishing
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of desk-top publishing.
- •V. Write a short summary of the text. Text 4 Page layout software
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Compare different types of software for dtp.
- •V. Write a short summary of the text. Text 5 Type measurement
- •I. Read the sentences and say if they are true or false. If they are false, correct them.
- •II. Find the equivalents of the following terms:
- •III. Fill the gaps using the following words:
- •IV. Read the following text and retell it. Typefaces
- •V. Choose two or three different types of fonts and compare them by their design.
- •Text 1 Digital Pre-Press Stage
- •Text 2 Direct Imaging
- •IV. Complete the text using the words:
- •Speed and Quality
- •V. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following words:
- •Render the text in English. Text3 Fully Automatic Print Preparation
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find in the text equivalents of the terms:
- •Simple, Safe Operation
- •V. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following words:
- •VI. Write a synopsis of the text in English: Text 4 Central Remote Control of Ink and Regist
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find in the text equivalents of the terms.
- •IV. Complete the text using the words:
- •Register Control via cpc 41
- •V. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following words
- •Text 5 Coating and Drying
- •Text 6 Delivery
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents of the terms:
- •IV. Speak on the Delivery of the sm 102, using the questions Unit 4 Paper and ink Text 1 Ink
- •Text 2 Paper
- •Text 3 The paper machine
- •Text 4 Types of paper
- •Text 5 Specifying papers
- •Text 6 Potential problems with paper
- •Unit 6 Finishing and Binding] Text 1 Finishing
- •Text 2 Paperback binding
- •Text 3 Hardback bookbinding
- •Text 4 Other methods of finishing
- •Text 5 Packing
- •Unit 7 printing units Text 1 Printing presses
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 Processing machinery
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 3 Letterpress printing machines
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4 Offset Presses
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 5 Printing Presses for Packaging
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6 Equipment and Machinery for Flat-bed Screen Printing
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 8 printing units design Text 1 Sheet-fed Printing Presses
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 Web-fed Printing Presses
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 3 Printing Unit Design on Web Presses
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 4 Printing Unit Configurations on Web Presses
- •Vertical Blanket-to-Blanket Unit
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 5 Gravure Printing in the Packaging
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 6 Gravure Cylinder Manufacture
- •Vocabulary
Vocabulary
cylinder roll циліндровий вал
blanket cylinder офсетний циліндр
plate cylinder формний циліндр
impression cylinder друкуючий циліндр
impression відбиток
sheet-fed offset press аркушеподавальний плоскодрукарський верстат
'blanket-to-blanket' press двосторонній друкарський верстат
in one (single) pass за один прогон
full-colour effect повноколірний ефект
to overlay накладати пошарово
register приводка
web-offset press рулонний плоскодрукарський верстат
dampening зволоження
screen printing press верстат для трафаретного друку
frame рама
hinged прикріплений на шарнірах
squeegee ракель, гумовий валик
plastic laminate пластиковий ламінат
vacuum bases вакуумна подушка
vacuum pump вакуумна помпа
vacuum suction вакуумний всмоктувач
rack стелаж
drying tunnel сушильний тунель
ultraviolet drying unit ультрафіолетовий сушильний пристрій
Text 5 Printing Presses for Packaging
The printing technology of letterpress, offset, and gravure have also been used for printing packaging material for several decades. Key factors in packaging printing are the very diverse demands made on packaging, such as:
• stability and functionality, which means that substrates, such as card, board, plastic film, aluminum foil, and compounds are used;
• neutrality with respect to odor, which is especially important in food packaging;
• external appearance ranging from “purely utilitarian” to very high quality.
Because quite specific demands are also made on substrate, color, and press design, the result is that the assembly and design of individual units may differ to a relatively great extent from the traditional printing upresses used to print books, newspapers, periodicals, or other print products.
In the 19th century, letterpress printing presses available at the time were used to print simple bags, sacks, and packaging papers. At the beginning of the 20th century firms were engaged in developing a new printing technology for packaging materials, called aniline printing and brought the first aniline printing units on the market (1905). The process using flexible rubber forms as printing plates from which flexographic printing developed, works with elevated and somewhat soft image carriers and low viscosity ink (aniline dye dissolved in alcohol) and is therefore very suitable for printing on rough packaging paper surfaces and for rapid drying.
These presses, with web widths of about 60–100 cm for multicolor printing on different packaging papers, were fitted with a simple unwind unit and a rewind unit with carrier rollers for a reel diameter of 60–80 cm. When cellophane entered the market as a new packaging material, the ink drying in the presses had to be modified and intensified, and sensitive web tension control systems and center driven winding units (shafted winding units) were required. Apart from other fairly small press modifications, the major requirement was that new inks with suitable adhesion to the non-absorbent substrate be developed.
At the beginning of the 1950s the first multicolor flexographic printing presses with a central impression cylinder were produced. In these presses, flexible and even very thin webs can be held and guided accurately during the entire printing process. This was and remains the prerequisite for achieving a high level of register precision and results in improving overall flexographic print quality as well.
Since polyethylene was increasingly used to make the most varied flexible packaging products, such as bags, carrier bags, and food packaging in particular, the demands placed on flexographic printing continued to increase as well as it the printing on fairly thin polyethylene webs with existing gravure printing presses was virtually impossible.
The basis for the eventual breakthrough of flexographic printing was created in 1972/73 with the introduction of photopolymer printing plates. The preliminary requirements for flexographic printing to come closer to the high quality of offset and gravure printing had now been met.
Flexographic printing units have also been used for many years in the corrugated board industry for the direct printing of sheets of corrugated board or solid board.
Modern high-capacity presses are now available for corrugated board packaging with which good quality, multicolor printing is achieved.
As a result of the many new developments and constant improvements, the entire flexographic printing technology has in recent years become increasingly important as an industrial printing technology world-wide, with disproportionately large market growth in some fields.